Electric instantaneous water heater for an aquarium. Aquarium heater and everything you need to know about it. Types of water heaters for aquariums

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An aquarium water heater is necessary to maintain a comfortable temperature for fish and plants. In practice, it has long been proven that the health and lifespan of the inhabitants of your home ecosystem largely depend on a stable and comfortable water temperature.

The principle of operation of most heaters is approximately the same: in a sealed environment heating element gives off heat using electrical energy. Some aquarists prefer to make such heaters themselves, but it should be noted that this is very dangerous: an improperly designed device can not only electrocute fish, but also harm human health. Therefore, we strongly recommend not to experiment, but to buy a water heater for your aquarium.

You can often hear the opinion that it is necessary to choose the heater power at the rate of 1 Watt per liter, but, as a rule, they usually choose equipment with a power of 0.7–0.8 Watts per liter.

Types of water heaters for aquariums

The most commonly used aquarium heaters are:

  • Flow-through. Its body is usually made of plastic and is attached to the return hose. external filter vertically. In this case, warm, oxygenated, water. Flow heater significantly saves useful space in the aquarium.
  • Submersible. Such a heater aquarium water consists of glass, plastic or titanium. Its body has an elongated cylindrical or flask-shaped shape, and physical properties, providing heat resistance and impact resistance. This device is lowered directly into the water.
  • Thermal cables. Usually laid under the ground, they evenly heat all layers of water in the aquarium and provide additional circulation.
  • Mats for heating water. A fairly rare type of aquarium water heater, which is installed under the aquarium and heats it through the bottom.

In modern aquariums you can find representatives of the underwater world from almost every part of the globe. Fish and plants from tropical areas can only survive when maintained at an appropriate temperature, which is typically higher than the temperature of the water kept at room temperature. In such cases, water heaters are used that are capable of maintaining the specified water parameters in the aquarium, which allows for comfortable living for almost any representative of the underwater world.

The water heater consists of an outer glass body of an elongated shape. Inside the housing there is a heating element around which a metal wire is wound. The water heater is manufactured in a waterproof or sealed housing, which prevents the possibility of short circuits. This device is not afraid of water and is completely immersed in the aquarium. The most advanced and useful are water heaters with automatic regulation (thermal sensors) of the water temperature in the aquarium. When the set parameters are reached, the water heater turns off. This feature will make it easier to care for aquarium fish, since there will be no need to constantly check the water temperature. Water heaters vary in power. Low-power devices are suitable for small aquariums with a volume of up to 30 liters. But experienced aquarists recommend purchasing a heater maximum power, since it is quite possible that over time the size of the tank may change and the power of the old heater will be insufficient. The device operates from the electrical network. A more expensive type of such device is instantaneous water heater, which cuts into the filter tube and distributes a stream of warm water throughout the aquarium. Cheaper heaters include a cable that is buried in sandy soil. Heat tends to rise from the bottom to the surface, simultaneously warming the entire thickness of the water.

Reasons and need for use

Average room temperature in an apartment or house in summer period is about 24-26 degrees Celsius, and in winter period the temperature drops to 18-20 degrees Celsius. Some species of fish, brought mainly from tropical latitudes with warm rivers, need to maintain a specific temperature all year round. In this case, the use of a water heater is necessary for the normal functioning of the inhabitants of a tropical aquarium. In addition to tropical fish, warm water love aquarium plants that stop growing or die at low temperatures. In some cases, a water heater is required for the inhabitants of the underwater world, which feel great in an aquarium with cool water. This is necessary if the aquarium is located in a cold room, where the room temperature is less than 18 degrees Celsius.

Selection criteria

You must select a water heater based on the following criteria:

  • Power from 30 to 300 Watt.
  • Device length. The housing must be completely submerged in water. Before purchasing, you need to measure the height of the aquarium.
  • Presence or absence of a temperature sensor.
  • Filler that conducts heat. There are heaters filled with sand or air. Sand-filled heaters are considered the most effective, since sand particles conduct heat better than air.
  • Device quality. A faulty water heater can cause irreparable harm to the inhabitants of the aquarium.

The question of choice is discussed in detail in the video below.

Pros and cons of the device

The advantages of using a water heater include the ability to constantly maintain the required temperature in the aquarium, which is necessary for fish native to tropical countries.

The latest technology is built-in temperature sensors that allow you to automatically set the operating mode of the water heater depending on the ambient temperature. Such a device will relieve aquarists from the need to constantly check the temperature and adjust the parameters of the heating element.

The disadvantages experienced aquarists include is the impossibility of maintaining a natural temperature balance, when during the day the water is somewhat warmer than at night. When using a water heater, the temperature remains constant around the clock, unless you regulate this process yourself. It is difficult to guess with the quality of the equipment. When using a water heater, there is always a small risk of malfunction, in which the temperature sensor can independently increase the temperature to a critical level. This situation can be eliminated by purchasing a heater with a low power that will not allow the water temperature to rise above 28 degrees Celsius. Damage to the housing may result in a short circuit in the aquarium, followed by the death of its inhabitants.

Video review of one of these devices

Calculation of parameters for a specific aquarium

When choosing a water heater, you need to take into account the parameters of the aquarium, the requirements of specific inhabitants and the temperature difference between the parameters of the room and the water.

The length of the heater is selected based on the height of the aquarium walls. The body of the device must be completely immersed in water. Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the power of the heating element. For large aquariums, it is recommended to purchase two low-power devices to uniformly heat the water in the aquarium. The power is selected in accordance with the volume of the aquarium; the following summary table will help you navigate:

The top row shows the difference between the air temperature and the water temperature without using a heating element. Power (watt) is determined by the ratio of the volume of the aquarium and this difference.

To measure the temperature of the water in the aquarium, it is necessary to place the thermometer closer to the bottom, since the water temperature at the surface is somewhat warmer. Such a difference arises as a result of heating the surface by the lighting device and the special thermal conductivity of water when heat rises from the bottom to the surface.

To ensure uniform heating of the water in the aquarium, it is necessary to choose the right location for installing the water heater. It is not recommended to place the device in a corner, since in this case the current will not pick up warm streams of water and carry them throughout the reservoir. Most suitable place is the lower level back wall reservoir. The water heater is mounted on suction cups in a horizontal position. It is better to direct the filter stream towards the heater so that the water flows help the heat spread throughout the entire volume of the aquarium. When using for the first time, it is not recommended to keep your hands in the water while the water heater is on, as the device may become faulty and cause an electric shock.

Before installing the device, you must read the instructions to avoid emergency situations and damage to the heating element.
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Terms of use

Immediately after purchase, you must rinse the heater flask in running water. To assess the serviceability of the device, you need to place the device in an empty aquarium (without inhabitants), wait until the temperature of the device drops to the water temperature (about 20 minutes). Plug in the device and set the required temperature. If the heater worked without failures for 30 minutes and heated the water to the required temperature, you can introduce inhabitants into the tank. You cannot use the water heater in an aquarium that does not have a filter. The device must be secured strictly according to the instructions; the vertical heater must not be placed in the ground. To heat the soil, there is a special heating element in the form of a wire. It is necessary to regularly (once every two weeks) clean the body of the device from plaque, algae and salt.

Temperature adjustment

At the top of the heater there are divisions with a control knob, which allows you to change the temperature parameters. The water heating error is 1 or 2 degrees Celsius. When setting the required temperature, you should take into account the error and do not set the maximum temperature. The possibility of a heater malfunction is always present, it is better to be safe. If the device has an automatic sensor, the required temperature is set only once and is subsequently maintained independently.

Maintenance and repair

In order to extend the life of the device, you must follow the operating instructions.

Regularly cleaning the housing from plaque, algae and salts will help avoid premature failure. The glass body can be wiped with a light vinegar solution, and salt deposits can be wiped off with table salt and brushes. It is worth noting that the body, which consists of plastic parts Do not wipe with vinegar; cleaning with an alcohol solution is acceptable. Electrical sensors And internal elements It is necessary to clean only with solutions recommended by the manufacturers. The most common temperature sensor that fails is the one that provides water supply. set temperature. It is impossible to repair such a malfunction, since the main part of the heating element must be replaced.

A user talks about aquarium water heaters and possible problems

Where to buy?

It is necessary to purchase a water heater only in trusted stores for aquarists.

Buying a low-quality, cheap device can lead to disastrous consequences for the inhabitants of the aquarium. It is better to overpay in price, but get a high-quality device that will last for many years.

A instantaneous water heater has the highest price, as it has a more complex structure and allows you to heat the water coming out of the filter, which, in turn, distributes a warm flow throughout the tank. The ground cable is used to heat the root systems of heat-loving plants. Ordinary adjustable heater, consisting of a heating element and a sealed flask, is the most common option that suits many aquarists in terms of price and quality.

The interaction of electric current and water leads to short circuit and can harm both humans and the inhabitants of the aquarium.

Many electrical enthusiasts and people who are familiar with the basics of electronics make such water heaters with their own hands. Previously, self-made salt water heaters were very popular. It is worth noting that such home-made devices can close if water gets inside the sealed flask, and it is extremely difficult to ensure such tightness with your own hands. Making a water heater yourself is difficult and dangerous, but possible. Do-it-yourself water heaters were popular about five years ago, when there were no high-quality water heaters on the market. affordable prices. Nowadays, the situation has changed and you can purchase a high-quality device in almost any store for aquarists.

Proper use of a water heater and compliance with basic safety measures when using electrical appliances will help provide the tropical inhabitants of the aquarium with the temperature necessary for a comfortable and active life. It is better to buy a water heater in a specialized store than to make it yourself, especially if the aquarium is inhabited by rare and expensive species of fish or plants.

You can make an aquarium heater with your own hands, but I would prefer a “store-bought” option, as our fathers say. Let’s try to figure out what an “Aquarium Heater” is and what it is needed for.

Many fish are inhabitants of tropical and warm rivers, so the water temperature suitable for their life is about 26-27 degrees Celsius. Therefore, water heaters for aquariums are very important equipment. While in summer the water may be warm enough, in winter without an aquarium heater the fish may simply die.

Why is it necessary buy an aquarium heater:

  • In winter, the water in the aquarium may be too cold;
  • the water temperature is different at night and during the day, and fish do not tolerate sudden changes;
  • For many fish, the optimal water temperature for life is often higher than room temperature, which means that the water will not warm up to the required levels on its own.

Keep in mind that the thermometer readings in daytime may be false because the lighting lamps add to the temperature in the aquarium. Therefore, you must be sure that the water is exactly the right temperature for the fish before you decide to buy an aquarium heater. Modern aquarium heaters equipped with temperature sensors to prevent overheating of water.

Temperature regulators for aquarium– these are aquarium heaters with a built-in regulator. That is, you set the required temperature that it should maintain, the thermostat heats the water to it. Next, it turns off and turns on again when the temperature drops below the required temperature. Aquarium thermostats There are mechanical and electronic. Mechanical ones are less accurate (the error is 1-2 degrees) but are cheap. Electronic ones have amazing accuracy in measuring temperature, but at the same time they are not cheap at all. And this despite the fact that many manufacturers are just starting to produce electronic thermostats, and their electronics fail quite quickly. Thermostats for aquariums in most cases (with the exception of some models) come without a built-in thermometer. This means that it measures the temperature for itself, but does not show the temperature for you. It is advisable to purchase a thermometer along with the thermostat. This is necessary to control the thermostat itself (just in case), and also in the summer. When water overheats in summer, it needs to be cooled. Refrigerators for aquariums are very expensive, and they make a lot of noise. Therefore, the water in the aquarium is cooled mainly by frequent changes of cold water.

When choosing heaters for an aquarium, you should pay attention to the following characteristics:

  • the presence of temperature control - it is better if it is;
  • correct choice of power.

It is generally believed that 10 watts is enough to heat 4.5 liters of water. For large aquariums, it is better to choose not one powerful device, but several weaker ones - this makes it easier to heat the water evenly. If the room is cool in winter, it is better to aquarium heater was more powerful than the volume of water required.

Advantages of modern aquarium heaters:

  • reliability;
  • can be placed completely underwater;
  • don't get shocked.

Please be aware that heaters may become inaccurate over time, so check the thermometer periodically. Just in this case, the possibility of adjustment will be a plus. If the soil at the bottom of the aquarium is fine, then it is best to use a special heater in the form of a thermal cable, which is laid on the bottom. In this case, you get two important advantages:

  • help plants;
  • warm water rises to the surface, avoiding stagnation in the ground.

How to choose a water heater?

Rod heaters are manufactured as moisture-permeable (they must be installed in the aquarium so that upper part was above the water level), and in sealed versions. The maximum immersion depth of the latter is indicated by the manufacturer and is quite sufficient for an aquarium (usually about 1 m). In most cases, immersion heaters are combined with a thermostat built into the housing.

When choosing a heater, pay attention to its length, which should ensure the possibility of its placement in the aquarium. Domestic heaters, unlike foreign ones, have the same length, which does not depend on power.

When using a heater without automatic temperature control, you should take into account temperature fluctuations in the room and choose a heater of such power that the water temperature in the aquarium does not rise above 28-30 ° C. You can install two heaters and turn off one of them on hot days.

Table 1 shows the heater power values ​​for heating water in aquariums of various sizes to a certain temperature.

Aquarium volume, l Difference between water temperatures in the aquarium and in the room, °C
2 4 6 8 10 12 15 20
20 5 12 17 22 29 34 59 80
40 9 18 26 36 46 55 100 125
60 12 23 35 47 59 70 128 140
80 14 29 43 56 70 85 144 170
100 17 33 49 66 82 99 150 200
150 20 43 65 86 108 127 200 250
200 26 52 78 104 130 156 210 300
250 30 60 91 121 150 182 270 360
400 42 82 124 169 208 247 390 500

There are two opinions regarding the advisability of using an automatic temperature controller. Some believe that natural temperature conditions should be simulated in the aquarium, i.e. the temperature should drop at night and experience seasonal fluctuations, which the thermostat cannot provide. Others believe that this is completely unnecessary. For example, R. Riel and H. Bensch write: “In an aquarium, with the help of an automatic regulator, we can provide the fish with a constant temperature. The widely held belief that the temperature in an aquarium should change according to its daily rhythm is incorrect. natural conditions. This is confirmed by fish that have lived in an aquarium for 10 or even 20 years, which is hardly possible under natural conditions.”

Still, it is better to choose an aquarium heater combined with an automatic thermostat in one housing. It's more convenient and takes less time less space. The main thing is not to miss the mark with power. It is better to purchase a heater with more power.

Heaters with a thermostat that automatically turn off when the desired temperature is reached are much better than simple ones. If your aquarium is equipped with such a fairly powerful heater, then ventilate the room as much as you like - it will maintain the required temperature. temperature regime, and when the room gets warmer it will turn off. This is ideal.

But in practice, they do not always turn off, especially after a year or more of continuous operation. An ear in an aquarium is a most unpleasant sight, costing a lot of nerves and money. Buying an aquarium heater is exactly the case when you don’t need to save money.

Here is the reliability and accuracy of the temperature sensor, as well as mechanical strength glass flask, above all. Buy products only from well-known manufacturers of aquarium equipment. Be sure to consult with the store salesperson. If this store sells aquarium fish, then take a look at the commercial aquariums. What heaters are installed there and what do the fish look like? If possible, visit aquarium forums on the Internet.

In a word, choosing a reliable model is very important... And yet, even if you bought the best heater in the world, don’t be too lazy to check with a thermometer whether its thermostat is set correctly.

Using a water heater

The heaters are manufactured in accordance with currently valid safety standards. The heater may only be turned on when electrical network with the parameters corresponding to those indicated on the heater itself and its packaging. It is forbidden to turn on the heater when it is removed from the water. Before each operation related to the heater, you MUST DISCONNECT the voltage. Before you put your hand in the water, make sure that the heater and all electrical appliances in the aquarium are UNCONNECTED from the mains. Do not use a damaged heater or a heater with a damaged wire. The connecting wire must not be changed or repaired; in this case, the entire heater must be replaced. Also DO NOT MOUNT A SWITCH on a wire.
The water level must always be above the minimum immersion level, the MINIMUM WATER LEVEL mark marked on the heater body. The maximum immersion depth of the heater is 80 cm. The heater is intended for use only in enclosed spaces and exclusively in aquariums.

How to install a heater in an aquarium

The heater is waterproof and can be installed in the aquarium either in a vertical position - with the adjustment handle located above the water surface, or in a horizontal position - completely submerged. Do not insert the heater into sand or gravel. The water level must always be above the minimum immersion level, the MINIMUM WATER LEVEL mark marked on the heater body. It is necessary to remember that the water level is constantly decreasing as a result of evaporation. The heater is attached to the wall of the aquarium using a bracket with two suction cups, which should be attached to the heater directly below the head. The heater must be fixed in the aquarium in a place where there is constant and uniform circulation of water. ATTENTION! Only about 15 minutes after installing the heater in the aquarium, when the temperature of the bimetallic switch in the heater becomes equal to the temperature of the water in the aquarium, can the heater be connected to the power supply.

Heater temperature adjustment

It takes some time for the heater to work well in a new environment. Temperature stabilization involves cyclical replenishment of heat, which the aquarium constantly releases to its surroundings. When the control light is on, it means that the heater is currently working; when it goes out, it means that the heater is off. Assuming that the heater power is selected correctly and that the room temperature corresponds to the specified adjustment range, the desired water temperature can be set by turning the control knob. Applied with outside The scale allows you to only roughly set the desired temperature. Due to the fact that the conditions environment Your settings may be different (for example, temperature and air movement, intensity of water circulation, heat transfer area of ​​the aquarium, etc.), the regulator may operate in a slightly different way than during factory calibration. Therefore, it is recommended to monitor the water temperature in the aquarium using a thermometer for some time after connection. And if necessary, adjust the water temperature using the regulator. Do not exceed the permissible adjustment range (a noticeable increase in resistance when turning the handle).

Aquarium heater maintenance.

The heater must not be disassembled into parts. Maintenance consists of periodically cleaning the outer surface of the heater with a soft sponge. If the boiler stone settles, it must be carefully removed using a special tool. funds. After removing the stone, the heater should be rinsed thoroughly.

Finally, a video reviewing a heater with a thermostat:

The list of necessary aquarium equipment includes an aquarium heater, which helps keep fish in a comfortable habitat. This is important for the good life, growth and health of the fish. There are several recommendations regarding the choice of such a device.

Do you need a heater in an aquarium?

To answer this question, it is necessary to consider the main functions of this device:

  1. Heating water. Using the device, you can heat the liquid in the aquarium by only 3-5°C; you don’t need to think that it works like a boiler. It is necessary if the room is cold or if they live in an aquarium tropical species fish
  2. Temperature stabilization. Many people are interested in whether it is possible to do without a heater in an aquarium, but it all depends on what kind of fish a person has chosen, since for many aquatic inhabitants a temperature fluctuation of even a couple of degrees is unacceptable, since the immune system suffers, and this can cause death. Most of all, such jumps are typical for aquariums small size, so in this case the heater will be a mandatory device.
  3. An aquarium heater creates, albeit insignificant, movement of layers of water, which promotes mixing of the liquid, and this prevents stagnation.

Which aquarium heater to choose?

There are several classifications used for heating equipment. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, which should be taken into account in order to choose the most appropriate one for a particular case. suitable option. An aquarium water heater may have different designs, thanks to which it can be mounted in different parts vessel, providing the desired heating of the liquid.


Flow-through heater for aquarium

Devices of this type involve passing water through themselves. There is a special heating element inside, which heats the water as it passes through it. Flow heaters for an aquarium turn on automatically when liquid movement begins. Such a device must have high power. The disadvantages of this type include high energy consumption.


Submersible heater for aquarium

This option is more common, and it has several subtypes:


External heater for aquarium

In most cases, such a device is built into the system of an external remote filter, that is, the water that passes through it will not only be cleaned, but also heated. There is another option for an external heater, which is a heating pad made of rubberized material, which contains flexible heating elements. The water is heated through the glass bottom of the vessel. An external aquarium heater with a thermostat has a drawback - a lot of heat goes into the stand. Heating through the bottom provokes rapid growth bacteria.


Bottom heater for aquarium

In such cases, use heating cables, which is laid along the bottom before filling the soil. The main characteristics include:

  1. Their main task is to ensure the movement of water flow in the soil, which helps prevent its acidification.
  2. This aquarium heater with a thermostat helps to heat the bottom layer of water, which is always colder when in use. traditional options equipment.
  3. It is recommended to use the bottom heating option as an additional option to any of the previously discussed devices.
  4. The cable cannot be laid in a shallow one and it should account for about 1/3 of the total power.

How to choose a heater for an aquarium?

There are several important points, which you should pay attention to when purchasing such equipment:

  1. The aquarium heater must have a thermostat to maintain a constant water temperature. When the required value is reached, the device will turn off and start working again when the water cools down. The thermostat can be immersed in water or placed outside the aquarium.
  2. Some heaters have additional features, for example, forced emergency shutdown in the absence of water.
  3. When figuring out how to choose a heater for an aquarium, it is worth noting that different devices can regulate temperatures differently. In some models you can set a range, and in others a specific value that will be constantly maintained. When choosing, it is recommended to pay attention to the adjustment interval.
  4. A heater for or a vessel of any other shape may have different area heating This information can be read in the instructions that came with the device.
  5. Pay attention to the package; if necessary, the kit should include fasteners or a protective cover that will prevent damage to fragile parts.
  6. If you need to select a heater for sea ​​water, then be sure to check whether the salt will damage the parts of the selected device.

Aquarium heater power

One of the most important indicators One thing that should definitely be taken into account when choosing such equipment is power. Its value is determined taking into account the volume of the selected vessel. In most cases, a water heater for an aquarium with and without a thermostat should have 1-1.5 watts per 1 liter of water. Experts recommend choosing devices with a small margin, that is, with a large power rating, in order to increase heating if something happens, for example, if the room is too cold.


Which aquarium heater is best?

There are several manufacturers that offer similar devices that have earned respect among people. Many people are interested in which is the best heater to buy for an aquarium, but it is difficult to single out just one manufacturer, since it all depends on the requirements set by the buyer. It is worth noting that many aquarium manufacturers simultaneously produce additional equipment, among which there are heaters. In this case, it is better to choose all of the same brand.


Aquarium heater "Juwel"

Under this name you can purchase several devices of different capacities, so you can choose the option for your volume. Water heaters in the Juwel aquarium have the following characteristics:

  1. The device has a built-in thermostat. In order to start using it, you just need to set the required temperature on the top of the heater and the value will be maintained in the specified range. The device will turn off when the required temperature is reached and turn on when the water cools down.
  2. The aquarium heater has a standard mount suitable for all types of containers. If the device was purchased for Juwel aquariums, then it can be installed inside the housing of the built-in internal biological filter.

Aquarium heater "Tetra"

Among the equipment of this company, one can highlight the “TETRATEC HT 25W” device, which has a special temperature controller from 19 to 31°C.

  1. Given the presence of a waterproof case and cover, the heater can be safely completely immersed in water.
  2. The presented Tetra aquarium heater can be used for aquariums with a volume of 10-25 liters.
  3. The device has a control light indicator. It is easy to install as it has a long cable.
  4. The TETRATEC HT 25W aquarium heater distributes heat evenly because it has a double ceramic heating element.
  5. There are two suction cups for attaching to glass.

"Aquael" heater for aquarium

Several devices are produced under this brand, and among them we can highlight the “Aquael Easyheater 50w”, which has no analogues on the market.

  1. The compact device is easily mounted on glass, and it can work not only in a vertical, but also in a horizontal position.
  2. The water heater in the aquarium does not burn the body of fish and other marine inhabitants. Its temperature range is large - 18-36°C.
  3. The device has a built-in overheating system and is easy to maintain and install.

How to install a heater in an aquarium?

The equipment for maintaining the required temperature is waterproof, so it can be installed in a vertical position (the adjustment handle must be above the water surface) and in a horizontal position (completely immersed in water). There are several nuances on how to install a heater in an aquarium:

  1. Do not insert the equipment into sand or gravel as this may cause damage to the equipment.
  2. Make sure that the water is always above the minimum immersion level. For this purpose, the device has a special mark on the body. Remember that the liquid level is constantly falling as evaporation occurs.
  3. A heater for turtles in an aquarium or fish is in most cases attached to the wall using a bracket with two suction cups. Each equipment comes with detailed instructions.
  4. The device should be mounted in a place where there is constant and uniform circulation of water.
  5. After the heater is installed and filled with water, you must wait at least 15 minutes for the temperature of the bimetallic switch to equal the value of the liquid, and only then turn it on.

The most important condition for the favorable functioning of your aquarium is maintaining a certain temperature that is optimal for a particular type of fish. Typically, fish need a temperature of 22 to 32 degrees, depending on their species.
Until recently, aquarists actively used simple
heaters. In some specialized stores Heaters are still sold, but purchasing them is not recommended. Now the blessed era of thermostats has arrived. The power of thermostats depends on how large the aquarium is. Experts recommend a power of 1.5 watts per 1 liter of water. For example: a 100 liter aquarium will require a 150 watt heater.
Fish owners should also know that the colder the room, the faster the water in the aquarium cools, and the greatest cooling occurs in aquariums with a large area of ​​​​its walls.

Therefore, it is best to purchase heaters “with a reserve”, i.e., more powerful ones. Such heaters easily and quickly cope with temperature drops, operate smoothly, without overheating, and last much longer. But powerful heaters must be of high quality.
It would also be useful to know that the cost of a heater does not particularly depend on its power, and neither does energy consumption. The whole question is the reliability of the device, i.e., the thermostat and the heating element. If the thermostat of a powerful heater breaks down, the inhabitants of the aquarium have two little comforting options - to die either from the cold or from an unusually high water temperature. Some, in order to avoid such sad consequences, purchase 2 medium-power heaters. If one thermostat fails, another will maintain the optimal living environment. If one of the thermostats breaks down, the water will not reach critical temperature, and the fish will be fine in the end. But, as you know, good things don’t come cheap. A couple of high-quality heaters will cost you twice as much as one simple one. The right to choose is yours.

Using a water heater

Heaters are manufactured in accordance with currently valid safety standards. The heater may only be connected to an electrical network with the parameters corresponding to those indicated on the heater itself and its packaging. It is forbidden to turn on the heater when it is removed from the water. Before each operation related to the heater, you MUST DISCONNECT the voltage. Before you put your hand in the water, make sure that the heater and all electrical appliances in the aquarium are UNCONNECTED from the mains. Do not use a damaged heater or a heater with a damaged wire. The connecting wire must not be changed or repaired; in this case, the entire heater must be replaced. Also DO NOT MOUNT A SWITCH on a wire.
The water level must always be above the minimum immersion level, the MINIMUM WATER LEVEL mark marked on the heater body. The maximum immersion depth of the heater is 80 cm. The heater is intended for use only in enclosed spaces and exclusively in aquariums.

How to install a heater in an aquarium

The heater is waterproof, and it can be installed in the aquarium both in a vertical position - with the adjustment handle located above the water surface, and in a horizontal position - completely submerged. Do not insert the heater into sand or gravel. The water level must always be above the minimum immersion level, the MINIMUM WATER LEVEL mark marked on the heater body. It is necessary to remember that the water level is constantly decreasing as a result of evaporation. The heater is attached to the wall of the aquarium using a bracket with two suction cups, which should be attached to the heater directly below the head. The heater must be fixed in the aquarium in a place where there is constant and uniform circulation of water. ATTENTION! Only about 15 minutes after installing the heater in the aquarium, when the temperature of the bimetallic switch in the heater becomes equal to the temperature of the water in the aquarium, can the heater be connected to the power supply.

Aquarium volume, l Difference between water temperatures in the aquarium and in the room, °C
2 4 6 8 10 12 15 20
20 5 12 17 22 29 34 59 80
40 9 18 26 36 46 55 100 125
60 12 23 35 47 59 70 128 140
80 14 29 43 56 70 85 144 170
100 17 33 49 66 82 99 150 200
150 20 43 65 86 108 127 200 250
200 26 52 78 104 130 156 210 300
250 30 60 91 121 150 182 270 360
400 42 82 124 169 208 247 390 500

Types of Aquarium Heaters

To be able to create as much as possible comfortable conditions For the habitat of fish and plants, special devices are used - aquarium heaters. There are several types of them, but the principle of operation is the same for all - electrical heating of the element in a sealed environment. The most commonly used heaters are:

Submersible(plastic, glass, titanium). It consists of a heating element built into an impact-resistant, heat-resistant body in the form of a flask or elongated cylinder, and is designed to be lowered into an aqueous environment.

Flow-through. It has a plastic housing and is mounted in a vertical position on the return hose of an external filter, which saves internal space and creates a flow of warm, aerated water.

Heating cables. They are installed under and allow you to evenly heat the entire aquarium and create additional water circulation.

Heating mats. They are rectangular mats that are installed under the aquarium. The heat generated passes evenly through the bottom and increases the temperature of the water.


DIY aquarium heater

When making such a device, you need to remember that the operating conditions are associated with a serious risk of electric shock.

But if the decision is made in favor of a handicraft, then there is good option with the creation of a structure from resistors (resistances), a piece of glass tube with thick walls, dry filler and remote thermostat. Installation work occurs in the following order.

1. The power of the heating element is determined based on a special table, which takes into account the difference in temperature between that required in the aquarium and room temperature. Calculated required strength current by dividing the selected power by the applied voltage. By dividing the voltage used by the calculated current, you can obtain the resistance value of the heater. Selected required quantity identical resistors so that their total power and resistance indicator corresponds to the calculated values.

2. The length and diameter of the glass tube are determined based on the size and number of resistances.

It is important that the series-soldered resistors are placed in the tube with a free space of 15 cm.

3. Cleaned and calcined sand can be used as a filler.

4. The bottom of the glass tube is closed with a suitable rubber stopper placed on the aquarium sealant.

5. The ends of the network cable are soldered to the upper and lower resistors . The entire structure is placed in a tube and covered with sand. It is important that the sand is at the bottom of the tube and covers the top resistor.

6. The top of the tube is carefully sealed with aquarium sealant. The power cable is connected to a thermostat with a remote temperature sensor, which in turn is placed in the aquarium.

7.The heater is placed vertically in such a way that the part of the tube containing the resistors is hidden under water. The structure is attached to the wall of the aquarium using special suction cups.

Schemes for manufacturing the thermostat itself based on a comparator and thermistors have also been developed.

Aquarium heater with thermostat

The main inconveniences when using the heater are related to with the need to constantly monitor its work. Even having reached the desired water temperature, the device still continues to function and must be disconnected from the network manually.

To get rid of this problem, a special device is used - a thermostat, which is a device with a built-in temperature sensor. It allows you to turn off the heating element when a preset value is reached and turn it on again when the water begins to cool.

This ensures a stable microclimate without temperature changes. Application modern technologies allows the production of very compact and easy-to-use thermostats.

According to manufacturing technology, they are divided into two types.

Electronic. Possess high accuracy(most of them are equipped with an information board). Disadvantages include the relative high cost and lack of reliability.

Mechanical. They are found most often, are characterized by stability and reliability during operation, and are cheaper in price. They often distort real readings by several degrees, so to accurately adjust the device, you must use a separate thermometer.

According to the level of safety during operation and durability of the devices, thermostats are divided into:

  • Remote - located outside the aquarium, not subject to the influence of the aquatic environment and the waste products of aquatic organisms. This increases their service life and makes it possible to use cheaper heaters and replace them without additional costs. To determine the operating mode, a separate temperature sensor is used, which is located in the aquarium and connected by a wire to the thermostat.

The latter type of design is the most popular among aquarists and is often made in the form of an elongated glass flask, inside of which there is an electric heater and thermostat. For greater thermal conductivity, the space of the flask is filled with the smallest ceramic filler.

The tightness of the structure is ensured by a rubberized or plastic cap through which the power cord passes. There is also a regulator here that allows you to set the required temperature.

Well-known brands - Eheim, Fluval, Ferplast, Aquael, Tetra - produce reliable and high-quality submersible heaters for aquariums with a power thermostat from 25 to 300 W. Such devices are capable of providing necessary conditions in aquariums up to 1500 liters.

To reduce the likelihood of water overheating, there is a practice of simultaneously using several less powerful thermal devices.

In case it is not possible to purchase necessary equipment, you can do it yourself.

Our selection of the three best aquarium heaters from Aliexpress

Aquarium heater 25 W/300 W

This heating rod can provide the right warmth and maintain the temperature of the water inside the tank. It can automatically adjust the temperature as needed for the fish in the aquarium.

Peculiarities:
The temperature scale can be adjusted between 20~34℃(68~93°F).
Fully submersible, waterproof double insulation, durable and safe design.
Power indicator, ensures safe operation.
Can automatically adjust the temperature, good for fish in aquarium.
Specifications:
Color: black
Material: Glass
Plug: EU plug
Power: 25W/50W/100W/200W/300W (optional)
Voltage: 220-240 V
Frequency: 50/60 Hz
Temperature Range: 20~34℃/68~93°F
Item Length:
25W: 20.5cm/8in
50W: 21cm/8.27in
100W: 25.5cm/10in
200W: 29cm/11.43in
300W: 29cm/11.43in
Cable length: approx. 85cm/33.5in
Package Size:
25W: 26.5*7*4cm/10.4*2.76*1.57in (L*W*H)
50W: 26.5*7*4cm/10.4*2.76*1.57in (L*W*H)
100W: 30.5*7*4cm/12*2.76*1.57in (L*W*H)
200W: 36.5*7*4cm/14.4*2.76*1.57in (L*W*H)
300W: 36.5*7*4cm/14.4*2.76*1.57in (L*W*H)
Package Weight: 170g~230g/6oz~8.1oz
Note:
1. This item is only suitable for fresh water.
2. The heating rod must be completely immersed in water
3. When the indicator is on, it works.
4. Before cleaning the fish tank or heating rod, please turn off the power for 15-20 minutes to cool down the heating rod.
Package list:
1 * Heating Rod

Price: 664.37 - 819.62 rub. / piece

Special price:

418.29 - 516.59 rub. / piece

Stainless Steel Aquarium Heater with LCD Digital Thermometer

Ideal Aquarium Temperature Controller Kit Consists of: Stainless steel Water heater and LCD immersion thermometer.
Both are fully submersible, waterproof double insulation, durable and safe design.
With the easy-to-read LCD display for this thermometer, you can easily keep track of the temperature in your aquarium.
The convector will turn off automatically when the temperature is reached. A sensitive and reliable thermostat maintains an even temperature.
Parameters:
Heater:

Model: immersion heater for aquarium

Material: Stainless steel

AC input: 220V, 50Hz

Power: 50W, 100W, 200W, 300W, 500W

Temperature range: 16-32 degrees Celsius

Heater Length: 16cm/29cm/29cm/35cm/35cm

Protective cover: 6 parts, free stitching, adjustable length 15-42 cm.

Aquarium Suit:
50W: less than 50L water, about 20x30cm
100W: 50-100L water, about 40×60cm

200W: 100-200L water, about 60x80cm

300W: 150-300L water, about 80×100cm500W: 250-500L water, about 130×150cm
Thermometer:
Color: Black + Silver

Material: ABS plastic
Display: LCD digital display
Temperature range: 0°C to 50°C
Default alarm setting: maximum: 28°C; lowest: 18 °C
Power: 1*1.5V AG13 Button Battery (Not included)
Sucker Diameter: 3cm/1.2in
Product size: 50 * 30 * 20mm / 1.97 * 1.2 * 0.8in
Item Weight: 26g/0.92oz
Package:
Voltage: 220-240V 50Hz
LCD display
Adjustable temperature: 20 to 35 degrees
External design, work with filter cup
Automatic shutdown when there is no water flow insid
Note:
Connect the heater to the inner tube of the filter cup
The direction of the arrow on the heater should be the same as the direction of the water flo
Package includes:
1 x heater
2x17mm adatper for inner diameter 16mm water hose
2x22mm adapter for 20mm inner diameter water hose

Price: RUB 2,325.29 / piece

Conclusions

There is a theory according to which aquatic organisms must be kept in conditions as close as possible to natural ones. Temperature changes in nature occur constantly, and there seems to be no particular need to use an aquarium heater.

But in practice it has been proven that fish and plants feel much better, get sick less and live longer in a stable microclimate. This is why using an aquarium heater with a thermostat, especially during the cold season, is more than justified.