Insulation of panels. How and how to insulate walls inside a panel house apartment. Insulation of walls from the inside in a corner apartment

Options for insulating walls of panel houses

Modern technologies present two options for insulating wall surfaces apartment building: inside and outside. Both options will solve the problem of low room temperatures and rapid heat loss. More was installed in panel houses cast iron radiators with excellent heating qualities, but due to the thinness of the walls and their direct contact with frosty air, the efficiency of the radiators is significantly reduced.

Both options are suitable for this, but their implementation is radically different, so it is necessary to determine a simpler and more economical one that you can do yourself.

External insulation

Facade insulation panel house is carried out in the following steps:

Preparatory stage

Preparation of the facade surface is necessary - the end walls of the panel house are leveled, the slabs are cleaned of plaque

It is also important to seal voids and cracks; panel joints are sealed. If necessary, it is worth laying a sealant between the joints, while special mastic is used to seal cracks

Unevenness of the surface of the walls within two centimeters is allowed - such a deviation does not need to be repaired. When all the materials are dry, the wall is impregnated with a universal primer, which is applied using a sprayer or roller.

Installation of insulation

Since in the vast majority of cases for thermal insulation panel houses foam plastic is used, it is worth considering the installation technology of this insulation. You can fix the foam using the following methods: placing the slabs on glue, fastening them with dowels, or combining these two options, which is the most reliable choice. The direction of pasting is from bottom to top. In this case, pasting begins with the installation of the starting strip.

After this, we begin to apply glue to the surface of the panel house - the technologies used directly depend on the quality of the walls. If they are smooth, then you can apply glue with a comb. If, as often happens, the walls are uneven, then the glue is simply thrown onto the surface

It is important to carefully fill the seams with glue. All this allows you to get rid of voids under the heat insulator

There is no need to apply glue to the foam.

The option when the glue is applied to the foam plastic, and not to the house, is not suitable in this case, since the voids under the insulation will become natural cold bridges, which will reduce the effectiveness of the entire event.

We apply the foam to the glue layer and press it well. After gluing all the plates, you need to leave them alone for several days. During this period, the adhesive solution will dry and shrink, after which the next stage of work can be performed. As for fastening the slabs with dowels, you can choose plastic mushrooms. This is due to the lightness and low strength of foam plastic - such fasteners will save the facade from unnecessary heat loss.

As for the dowel caps, they must be covered with an adhesive mixture. All irregularities remaining after the glue has dried can be removed with regular sandpaper.

Preparation for reinforcement

The fragility of polystyrene foam is a serious drawback, so the insulation needs reinforcement - just glue a thin mesh. Such protection should prevent the destruction of the foam due to atmospheric phenomena and other unfavorable factors.

Preparation for reinforcement proceeds as follows: first, the corners are pasted over, after which you can proceed to pasting the walls themselves. To simplify the process, meshes with ready-made corners are used, which minimizes time spent. If there are no such meshes, then you will have to make corners from a regular mesh. It is enough to cut a long strip 30 centimeters wide and bend it at an angle - this design is pressed against the corner of the house greased with glue. In general, cutting the mesh into fragments greatly simplifies the installation itself, which allows you to sequentially cover the areas coated with glue with fragments. In this case, the mesh should overlap at the junction.

After gluing the mesh, you need to wait for the glue to dry, after which you can use a plastic float to clean off the excess solution and remove any unevenness.

Finishing

Before finishing, a leveling layer is applied to the entire treated façade. After this, it is necessary to apply a primer and a layer of plaster. The final stage is painting the wall, preferably in a color that will not stand out too much against the background of the main color of the multi-story panel building.

Insulation materials

The modern construction market offers an alarmingly large selection of thermal insulation materials. The “ordinary” man in the street, not familiar with the specifics of the work, is dizzy from such diversity. Unscrupulous sellers take advantage of this, instilling the idea “the more expensive, the better.” Today we will not consider all the options for insulating the external walls of a house, but we will talk about the most inexpensive, high-quality materials that have been proven over the years.

Foam plastic

Among the most popular insulation materials, foam occupies a special place. This inexpensive material, properly performing its assigned function. It is perfect for external insulation, as it provides 100% thermal insulation regardless of air humidity and temperature changes.

This material is non-toxic and fireproof, but a reservation should be made here. The foam itself does not burn, but melts and at the same time emits black acrid smoke, which is hazardous to health. But if you follow safety measures, it will last a long time and faithfully. The words about non-toxicity and harmlessness to health are confirmed by the fact that even children's products and food products are packaged in polystyrene foam.

Polyfoam is not susceptible to mold, fungi and insects. It does not deteriorate, does not swell or shrink, maintaining its original shape. The service life of the material ranges from 20 to 50 years, depending on the quality.

External insulation of the walls of the house with polystyrene foam allows not only to protect interior space from the vagaries of the weather, but also transforms the outside of the house. The material creates a very convenient surface for finishing, ranging from relief plaster to siding or slabs.

Working with polystyrene foam is quick and easy; all you need is basic skills and equipment.

Stages of insulating the external walls of a house with polystyrene foam:

Prepare the walls by cleaning them from dust and dirt with a construction brush. If there are cracks or chips, seal them with plaster so that the foam sticks well.
Glue the foam plastic with a special compound onto the pre-primed wall. You need to glue the sheets in a checkerboard pattern, pressing them closely together. To ensure that the material holds well, additionally secure it with plastic dowels.
Install on top of slabs fiberglass mesh. To do this, apply a thick 5 mm layer of glue to the sheets and “drown” the mesh in it.
All that remains is to plaster the surface, cover it with facade paint or perform any other finishing.

Penoplex

Today you can often hear advertisements for high-quality and reliable penoplex insulation, which is why many people believe that this is the name of the material. In fact, the material is called extruded polystyrene foam, and it is produced under the Penoplex brand.

Extruded polystyrene foam is used for internal and external insulation of houses of any type. Today it is one of the most popular materials, and this is explained by its excellent performance characteristics.

Advantages of penoplex:

environmental friendliness;
low thermal conductivity;
high density;
retains heat better than foam;
high strength;
high density;
low vapor permeability;
absolute fire safety (ignition temperature 500C, which is unrealistic at home);
durability;
ease of working with the material;
relatively low cost, which quickly pays for itself.

Unfortunately, ideal building materials do not yet exist, so even with such a large list of advantages, penoplex also has disadvantages. The most obvious is poor adhesion. Since the material is very dense, it does not absorb adhesives well, so it is difficult to glue it to a vertical surface. To do this, additional fixation is performed with dowels, but most builders recommend using penoplex for internal insulation.

External insulation of house walls with penoplex is best done in the region ground floor, since even additional fixation of the material will not protect it from damage. In other words, it very quickly begins to fall off and spoils the appearance of the building. In the area of the plinths, you can make a ventilation space or use an outer layer of waterproofing to prevent the adhesive layer from getting wet and breaking down.

Insulation of walls from the inside in a corner apartment

If you have experienced the purchase or sale of apartments, then you have noticed that buyers do not really like corner apartments or rooms. What is this connected with? Although it is much easier to ventilate such an apartment in summer, the view from the windows opens on two or even three sides.

But there is one significant drawback. Very often, with the arrival of frost, residents of corner apartments suffer from insufficient heat. If the temperature outside is around zero, and the heating season has not yet begun, uncomfortable conditions are created inside such an apartment. Dampness appears in the corners, the windows fog up, the floor becomes cold, and the bed becomes damp.

The main reason for this is the presence of three walls, which have access to the outside, and are therefore subject to the greatest influence low temperatures. In winter, even if available central heating, the situation is only getting worse.

The walls can freeze completely, especially in the corners, interior decoration will begin to fall off, mold and mildew will appear. Staying in such an apartment will not only be uncomfortable, but also unsafe, especially for children. After all, they are most susceptible to diseases caused by high humidity air.

What to do in such a situation? Many people try to install additional heating radiators, but this, most often, does not solve the problem or solves it, but not completely. Dampness moves to the ceiling, forming places where mold accumulates.

What is the right thing to do in such a situation? The best solution is that you need to try to insulate the walls. How can this be done? How to carry out internal insulation? We'll try to figure it out now. What is the best way to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside? First, let's look at what insulation materials exist.

Types of insulation

The choice of which material is best to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:

location of the panel house in a certain climatic region,
amount of precipitation, wind strength and speed,
allocated budget for insulation of a panel house,
other individual factors.

The estimate and project for the work are usually drawn up by the management company or the HOA. A team of industrial climbers directly carries out the insulation process from the outside.

For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:

Mineral wool

For outdoor work, it is convenient to work with mineral wool slabs, which are produced by various manufacturers. It has good performance in basic characteristics, including thermal conductivity. However, you need to ensure that the mineral wool does not get wet, otherwise it will lose its properties. thermal insulation properties. To do this, a vapor-permeable membrane is laid under the insulation layer, which will protect it from vapors.

When finishing a ventilated facade, condensation from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane does not need to be used.

Foam plastic

It is distinguished by its lightness and simplicity when laying slabs on the wall. Also has good parameters for heat and sound insulation

For outside work, it is important to use a material that does not support spontaneous combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and this name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94

When purchasing insulation, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.

The insulation of a panel house from the outside is limited by the thickness of the insulating material. The maximum value of the foam thickness for walls is calculated using special formulas, taking into account the average temperatures in a certain climatic region and the purpose of the building (residential, public, industrial).

Insulation options

Insulating a panel house from the outside allows you to stop the flow of heat through the concrete. An additional layer of thermal insulation will protect against destructive effects external factors. On the market today you can find many materials that can be used for insulation inside or outside.

Insulation inside

For a panel house, insulating it from the inside will only make the situation worse. This is due to the movement of the dew point, which will move closer to the inside of the wall. In practice, this means that moisture will accumulate in the walls with even greater force - both the wall and the insulation will get wet, so the service life of the facade will be significantly reduced. To avoid such a situation, and at the same time reducing the usable area of the apartment and destroying the design, you should give preference to insulating the panel house from the outside.

Insulation from outside

The difficulty is that insulating a panel house with a large number of floors is only possible with the help of climbing equipment. It is clear that it is almost impossible to get money to pay specialists and buy building materials from utility services. Moreover, an attempt to insulate a house at the expense of the residents also does not always meet with understanding from all project participants. Therefore, you can take the path of least resistance and insulate a separate apartment.

The main advantages of external insulation:

There is no need to disturb the interior decoration of the premises;
The internal one is preserved usable area apartments;
The supporting structure of the “socket” is strengthened, that is, the building is strengthened, which has a positive effect on its service life;
The insulation is an additional sound insulator;
The temperature inside the room increases with the same heating costs, since the walls are protected from freezing - heat loss through the panel box is reduced.

Installing insulation on brick walls

How to insulate brick walls inside an apartment with your own hands? Corner walls in a brick house you can insulate it using the same method as in a panel house. Therefore, we will analyze the work of installing material made from polystyrene.

Insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside:

clean the walls down to the plaster. If it is missing, then it should be applied. After this, the walls must be leveled, cracks repaired and then treated with a primer;
you need to prepare the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the walls that you will insulate. In the beginning, you can use a regular spatula. You need to apply glue to the walls, then take a notched trowel and go around the entire perimeter again. This is done in order to create an uneven surface of the glue. This promotes better adhesion of the insulation;
how to insulate a wall corner apartment from the inside? Next, we take sheets of thermal insulation and begin installing them on the walls. First of all, the very bottom row is laid. We apply the polystyrene sheet tightly and press it through; you do not need to use dowels or other fastening materials. When installing, use a level and carefully join the edges so that no gaps form; if necessary, cut the sheets. The next row is installed so that the junction of the two sheets is in the middle bottom sheet. This will give greater durability to the entire structure.

Watch the surface of the insulation so that no unevenness is formed, because this will bring additional difficulties during final finishing.

After you have installed the thermal insulation, you can begin finishing work. If you plan to cover the walls with plasterboard, then some additional work over insulation is not required. If you plan to cover it with a layer of plaster, putty, wallpaper, or paint, then you need to treat it with a primer, then install a mesh of reinforcing fiber. After this, you can begin to apply layers of plaster or putty.

By following these steps, you can insulate a corner room from the inside.

Methodology for insulating walls from the inside

Foam adhesive is best suited for gluing foam boards.

Insulation in the apartment concrete walls They are attached from the inside under false walls made of plasterboard. If you took the path of least resistance and chose stone wool or, in extreme cases, polystyrene foam as thermal insulation, then no difficulties should arise in your work. How to insulate a corner apartment in a panel house:

installation of structures made of metal profiles;
laying thermal insulation under the guides with glue - you need to create a monolithic screen, so there should be no gaps at the joints;
plating metal structure drywall.

After it has been puttied, you can glue any finish onto the drywall: tiles, wallpaper, decorative stones, papier-mâché or just paint. There are situations when it blows strongly from the corners. In this case, the question arises: how to insulate corners in a panel house? Alternatively, you can simply blow them out with foam from the inside or cover the joints of the plates with sealant. This should help, but if capital measures are needed, then it is necessary to insulate the interpanel seams from the outside. There is a technique called " Warm seam" It involves cleaning the seam from all contents, filling it with special polyurethane foam, laying Vilaterm and sealing the seam with mastic.

Materials for insulating the walls of panel houses outside

Today's market for thermal insulation materials is huge, but there are products that are deservedly considered classics thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside
.

Among these materials are:

mineral wool;
sandwich panels;
polystyrene foam

Let's analyze each of the options separately to understand what advantages this or that type of insulation has.

Mineral wool

Mineral or stone wool
usually called insulation based on extruded stone chips. The point of using stone is that it creates a foam slab with stable walls. The interior space is like this slabs
90% filled with air. And today air is the material with the lowest thermal conductivity. Therefore, all insulation materials include air.

There are three types of mineral wool:

Basalt mineral wool with a synthetic binder. This is the most popular option. If you hear someone talking about mineral wool, then most likely they mean this type of insulation. Mats made from this material are loved by all heating engineers for their ease of installation, low cost and good thermal insulation properties. However, basalt wool is used extremely rarely for insulating façade houses, since its installation requires a frame that must be thermally insulated separately to prevent cold bridges from appearing.
Glass wool. It was used everywhere for insulation in the last century. Now it is completely unsuitable as insulation: it constantly crumbles, falls off quickly and is extremely dangerous to install. When installing basalt mineral wool slabs
It is enough to use a respirator. To install glass wool blocks, you will have to protect your entire body. Besides thermal insulation characteristics the material is very mediocre.
Mineral wool based on cellulose. The name speaks for itself. This is a fire hazardous insulation made from foamed paper residues. The main advantage that manufacturers are trying to cling to is environmental friendliness. But the insulation does its job poorly, and therefore there is no particular point in using it.

Sandwich panel

Sandwich panels are used primarily due to the possibility of quick installation. The panel itself is insulation sandwiched between two layers of structural material. The following acts as insulation:

Foamed polyurethane. High quality but expensive material. It is not profitable to use it to insulate the facade of an apartment panel building. But a sandwich panel with such insulation is perfect for a private home.
Mineral wool. This insulation has already been mentioned earlier; all its properties are transferred here completely. The use of sandwich panels protects the mineral wool board from precipitation, making installation easier.
Foam plastic. These are the most popular sandwich panels. The insulation used makes them lightweight and quite effective.

Foam plastic

Foam plastic
- this is the most popular material in Russia for insulating building facades. The undoubted advantage of this insulation is that it is absolutely not susceptible to moisture when the basalt mineral wool board Over time it will turn into rags. As a rule, the service life of such insulation does not exceed 10 years. Foam manufacturers guarantee from 30 to 50 years of service.

Attached to the façade is polystyrene foam using dowels
or with special glue. And most often, both methods are combined to create a reliable fastening.

What you will need to work on insulating a room in an apartment building

Insulation work will require proper skill and attention, but it can be done easily if you strictly follow the technology and have it on hand necessary tool. Here is a list of what you may need:

construction stapler;
polyurethane foam;
sealant gun;
screwdriver;
hammer drill or powerful drill;
construction knife;
ladder or trestles;
hammer;
metal screws;
metal corners;
liquid level;
thread;
serpyanka;
spatula;
liquid nails for exterior use;
plastic mushrooms for attaching foam;
vapor barrier film.

The specified list may be wider depending on the installation method, but you can easily get by with what is listed. Having everything you need, you can get to work. Remember that it is better to ventilate the room well, and carry out noisy work only at the permitted time of day in order to avoid conflicts with neighbors.

Materials

According to their own technical specifications Work on installing a heat-saving coating in a panel house from the inside is carried out from the following common materials:

mineral wool;
extruded;
polyurethane foam;
foil (reflective) thermal insulation;
insulating paint.

At light device insulating wall cladding without lining the top with durable sheets of insulation board (foam plastic, polystyrene foam, stone basalt wool) simply hide with a layer of plaster:

An important criterion for selection is the non-flammability of the material and environmental safety, since it is installed indoors.

You can compare the indicators that this or that thermal insulation has using the table:

Roll materials

It is one of the popular options for insulation because it has a number of undeniable advantages:

Easily cut into pieces of the desired size.
Repeats the shape of the surface (tightness).
It is sufficiently vapor-permeable so that additional membranes are not used in the design.
Does not burn, unlike polymers, does not produce toxic smoke when heated.
Resistant to microorganisms.

Available in the form of rolls, stitched mats and slabs. Of all types of this material, stone basalt wool is preferable.

Foiled polyethylene foam is used to reflect infrared radiation and create a barrier to water vapor. Heat rays practically do not penetrate to surfaces hidden under the finishing sheet covering, so there is little point in installing reflective insulation in the walls.

Can be used as protection of mineral wool from a wet wall, additional sound insulation, vibration damping.

Natural cork is used for high-quality internal insulation of small thickness on panel walls Oh. This is the most environmentally friendly heat insulator. TO operational characteristics include high strength, low thermal conductivity, low weight, durability, elasticity. For more information about which insulation is better, watch this video:

Foam boards

The technology for insulating the walls of a panel house from the inside with smooth, rigid slabs of foamed polymer includes careful preparation of the surface for installation. Unresolved wall deflections will create voids in which condensation will accumulate.

The slabs are laid out staggered on a layer of glue; the use of anchor umbrellas in this case is not recommended (through passages for cold). Each joint is sealed with sealant. Another method of fastening is to lay it between a T-shaped profile fixed to the ceiling and to the floor.

The thickness of the material will depend on the climate zone. The following initial data can be used in the calculation:

Liquid formulations

Applying a layer of polyurethane foam requires special equipment and installation of a frame. The work is carried out by specialists with practical experience. The strength of the hardened foam is low and it is covered with a protective cladding (gypsum plasterboard, plywood). For more details, watch this video:

Liquid types of insulation include the achievement of modern science - special paints. They are expensive and require careful adherence to application technology (thickness and sequence of layers, direction of brush movement). In case of violation of instructions thermal resistance of such coverage is sharply reduced.

The thermal insulation properties of concrete panel houses leave much to be desired, since they are very hot in summer and cold in winter, which leads to increased energy costs for heating. This problem can be solved by thermal insulation of the walls, however, this issue must be approached competently. Therefore, next I will tell you how to properly insulate a panel house.

DIY installation

By taking steps step by step you can achieve perfect result. Let's start:

Glue (liquid nails) is generously applied to the surface of the wall and penoplex panels, and then pressed tightly against each other. We carry out such actions with each panel, placing the next one exactly in the groove with the previous end side. This applies to both the side sections and those on top. Penoplex is easily cut with a knife, so where a whole panel does not fit, it is carefully cut and inserted into the space

It is important to cut exactly to size in order to leave a minimum of gaps and lay them exactly at the end.
The panels can also be fastened using wall anchors and plastic mushrooms; for this, holes are made in the walls and fasteners are driven into them directly through the attached polystyrene foam. This method is very noisy, so we recommend the first option.
All joints between panels, walls, floors and ceilings are coated with sealant

This is necessary to ensure maximum thermal insulation.
The tighter the foam is pressed against the wall surface, the better its insulating properties, so don’t skimp on glue or anchors.
This installation option involves final finishing using plaster. After the sealant has dried, the entire surface of the wall is covered with putty and leveled. If you want to further strengthen the layer, you can smear a special mesh (serpyanka) into the plaster.
After final leveling, the putty must be allowed to dry and then primed, thereby preparing its surface for painting or wallpapering.

You need to stretch a vapor barrier film over the foam and guides to isolate the formation of moisture inside the wall. Its installation is carried out using plastic mushrooms through foam.
We attach the drywall to the vertical and horizontal guides using self-tapping screws.
Next, as in the previous instructions, the surface is puttyed, leveled and primed.

Installation is not at all difficult. The main thing is to stick to technology, then the work will go quickly and efficiently. After finishing, you will immediately feel that the apartment has become much warmer and drier, even if it is an end apartment. This is because insulation helped to get rid of the contact of warm air with the surface of cold walls. Therefore, if heating occurs not with radiators, but with heated floors, they can be turned on less often, thereby saving on utility costs.

“Warm seam” technique for sealing interpanel joints.

Last time we dealt with the fact that in various ways. Today we will tell you everything about insulating a panel house from the outside: what materials are used, what glue is best to attach them to, what methods are available. It has been repeatedly noticed that a lot of companies do outright hackwork, the results of which are deplorable. Either the thermal insulation does not work or disappears altogether, especially on the upper floors, where gusts of wind are quite significant. Sometimes, even if everything is done according to technology, the result is simply scary to look at - everything is crooked, ugly, not like people’s. Therefore, you have to control everything, delve into the nuances, ask questions. Yes, this irritates the workers, but that is their problem. The main thing is a high-quality result - without compromise.

Panel houses have always been considered not too “warm”, since their internal and external walls are quite thin. It is for this reason that insulating the walls of a panel house from the outside is a very popular service. Thermal insulation of concrete panels will allow the apartment to retain heat well in the winter cold, as well as keep the air cool in summer time. So thermal insulation panel houses are a universal means of increasing the comfort of your home. The work can be done on your own, but this is only possible if the apartment is located on the first or second floor of the building. If the housing is located higher, it will not be possible to do without the help of specialists. This type of service is provided by high-rise builders or industrial climbers.

Insulation of panel walls from the facade side

Insulating the facade surface of the walls of a house built from panels is a much more reasonable measure than internal thermal insulation. And here's why:

Expert opinion

Konstantin Alexandrovich

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From the above, we can conclude that it is advisable to insulate the walls of a house from panels from the outside. Insulation from the inside is used only if other options cannot be implemented for some reason.

Types of insulation

On the selection process suitable material The following indicators influence wall insulation:

An estimate of materials and a project of planned work are most often ordered by the house management company or homeowners association. The work itself on thermal insulation of the facade is carried out by a team of professional climbers.

The following types of insulation materials are most often used for use in panel houses:

Minvata

Mineral wool slabs are very comfortable material for the production of external works on thermal insulation of the facade. It is released under different brands, but the basic characteristics of the material differ insignificantly from different manufacturers. The material has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, but care must be taken to ensure that the material does not become wet. If this happens, its ability to insulate heat will be significantly reduced. To avoid this problem, a special membrane is laid under the insulating layer, which will be responsible for steam removal.

If for finishing The building will use a ventilated facade; moisture vapor will be quickly removed by an air flow penetrating the gap between the wall itself and the insulation. In this situation, there is no need to lay a membrane layer.

Foam plastic

The material is lightweight, the slabs are easily attached to the wall surface. The heat and noise insulation parameters are at a high level. For outdoor work, you can use only that type of insulator that is not capable of spontaneous combustion. This type of expanded polystyrene should be marked G1, which designates low-flammable materials. Unfortunately, not all types of polystyrene foam available on the market are actually flame retardant. Therefore, when purchasing material for insulation, it is necessary to clarify whether the product is certified in accordance with GOST requirements.

When insulating a panel house externally, there are restrictions on the thickness of the thermal insulation material that can be used in the work. This indicator is derived through complex calculations, which include the average temperature of the climatic region, and also take into account the type of house - industrial building, office or residential building.

Seams

A significant part of the useful heat located inside a panel house can be lost through interpanel seams. The problem can be solved by processing them. The distance between the ends of the slabs is filled with a monolithic mortar, which easily eliminates cracks and cavities in the seams, increasing the efficiency of thermal insulation of the entire structure. Mixtures suitable for processing interpanel seams in concrete houses, can be sold both in a form completely suitable for use, and for self-preparation of solutions. These compositions may contain polystyrene foam granules in their structure, which can retain heat flow or air particles to protect against the penetration of cold air from the outside.

If the joint distance is large, it can be filled with insulating fiber soft texture. Mineral wool, which has proven itself well in external work, can serve as such.

List of her most important qualities:

Fragments of mineral wool fibers are highly volatile and contain formaldehyde components. The combination of these factors does not allow the use of such material for insulating the seams of a panel house everywhere. Better practicality For such work, stone wool is different. This insulation does not pose a risk to human health and has a stronger fiber structure.

Stages of arranging the insulation of an apartment building made of panels

High-quality installation of insulation material is the key to its long service life. Installation quality indicators may depend on many circumstances. One important factor is the type of material to which the insulation will be attached. Most often, special glue for construction or specialized dowel fastenings are used. Meet and combined options fastenings The insulation process takes more than one day, because you need to wait for a particular material to completely dry before proceeding to the next stage of insulation.

ADVICE! Best time for arranging wall insulation - the summer months and the beginning of autumn, that is, it is better to complete all work before the onset of the rainy season. The number of people who want to improve the thermal insulation characteristics of their apartments is only increasing from year to year. It is for these reasons that it is better to resolve this important issue in advance. In organizations that have great experience of such work, all days are scheduled at least several months in advance.

Laying insulation

The surface to be insulated must be coated with an adhesive composition, which is applied either with a special spatula with teeth, or laid out in flat cakes. If you press the insulation board on it, the solution is distributed evenly in the space between the wall and the insulation. The rows are laid out in the direction from top to bottom according to the principle of brick laying. Each slab is leveled to the horizon. Vertical alignment is carried out using beacons or by pulling between opposite fragments of a vertical thread.

To increase the reliability of the connection of foam plastic slabs to the wall, the insulation is fixed not only with glue, but also with special dowels. For each insulator plate, 5 fasteners are sufficient. The tops of the fasteners should be slightly pressed into the insulation surface. When insulating an apartment located on the corner of a building, they also insulate the joint between the slabs. To eliminate the appearance of inconsistencies and the formation of cracks, alternate rows in corner zone.

If gaps do form between the foam plates, they are covered with scraps of insulating material and fixed with an adhesive solution. The existing corners are closed with a perforated corner, aluminum or metal. Attach it to a solution of glue, alabaster or plaster. The thermally insulated surface can only be rubbed and covered with a layer of plaster. It should be as smooth as possible, since fiberglass reinforcing mesh will also be laid on top.

Installation of reinforcing mesh

On insulation material it is necessary to apply a layer of glue 0.5 centimeters thick. It will absorb the reinforcing mesh while simultaneously fixing it. The mesh is needed to hold the plaster layer, so installation is carried out with maximum attention and concentration. It is better to fasten a large and solid piece of material at once, leaving space for window openings. The adhesive layer is applied again on top. It must be completely dry before you begin leveling it.

Finishing

The process of thermal insulation of the wall of a panel house from the outside is completed by priming and plastering the surface. The primer layer is applied twice; it is convenient to do this with a roller. Once the primer has dried, you can apply the first thin coat of plaster. After an hour it dries, then it is rubbed down and the surface is given a certain texture using a special textured roller. After this, the main stage of work is considered completed. All that remains is to paint the insulated surface in the desired color. The paint is acrylic based. If the installation technology is performed flawlessly, external insulation will last at least 10 years.

Thermal insulation of a facade is a labor-intensive and expensive process. But it has a number of undeniable advantages, which are much more important than the time and financial costs. This is the creation of comfort and warmth in your own home.

In conclusion

All methods of insulation are good in their own way. The main thing is to strictly adhere to the recommendations for the use and installation of a particular insulator. If you do not consider yourself a specialist in this field, then it is better to use the services of construction organizations to carry out such work. Such companies have all the necessary licenses, have practical knowledge, and employ specialists high level. They will be able to quickly and efficiently complete all work with a guarantee.

Video about insulating the external wall of an apartment in a panel house

September 6, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior finishing, construction of summer houses, garages. Experience of an amateur gardener and gardener. We also have experience in repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and many other things that I don’t have time for :)

Insulation options

Thermal insulation of a panel house implies, first of all, insulation of the walls. Moreover, it is advisable to perform this operation outside, in which case the walls will be really warm. If this is not possible, for example, if you do not have permission to change appearance facade or an apartment is adjacent to an unheated room that cannot be insulated (elevator shaft, entrance, etc.), then insulation can be done from the inside.

In all other cases, it is better to refuse internal insulation for the following reasons:

internal insulation takes away useful space in the apartment;
after thermal insulation, the walls stop heating altogether, which can lead to the formation of cracks;
forms on the surface, which can lead to the formation of mold;
there is no possibility of insulating the ceiling, which is adjacent to the cold walls and serves as a cold bridge.

Thus, insulating walls from the inside can be considered only as a last resort. However, below I will talk about the nuances of thermal insulation in both cases.

External insulation

First of all, let's look at how to insulate walls from the outside. This process can be divided into several stages:

It must be said that almost every stage contains its own nuances, on which the final result depends. Therefore, all work must be performed with special responsibility, from beginning to end.

Preparation of materials

First of all, you need to decide on the insulation. For these purposes, the following materials are most often used:

expanded polystyrene (foam) is a fairly cheap and lightweight material. Disadvantages include fire hazard. It should be noted that for external insulation, foam plastic with a density of at least 18 kg/m3 can be used;

mineral wool is an environmentally friendly and more durable material that resists the combustion process. The disadvantages of mineral wool include its higher price, as well as the inconvenience of working with it - if it comes into contact with the skin, mineral wool fibers cause irritation.

The density of mineral wool for facade insulation must be at least 85 kg/m3.

The thickness of the insulation must be at least 100 mm. In northern regions, it is better to use 150 mm thick insulation.

In addition to insulation, you will also need the following materials:

adhesive for insulation - as a rule, it is selected depending on the type of thermal insulation material, however, there are also universal compositions;
inter-seam insulation for panel houses - most often polyurethane foam is used for these purposes;
plastic umbrella dowels;
universal primer;
fiberglass reinforcement mesh;
aluminum perforated corners;
decorative facade plaster;
facade paint.

Preparing the walls

So, before you insulate the walls from the outside, they need to be prepared. This is done as follows:

start by removing the old coating. As a rule, panel houses are covered with tiles, which begin to lag over time. In this case, the tile must be dismantled;
then the surface of the walls should be cleaned of dust and dirt;
Next you need to insulate the seams. Often, in order to insulate joints in panel houses, they must first be expanded.
After this, be sure to clean them from dust and moisten them. The prepared seams should be filled with polyurethane foam. You can also use putty for these purposes;
After the foam hardens, it must be cut off so that it does not protrude above the surface of the walls.

If work needs to be done at height, it is better to entrust it to specialists who have all the necessary climbing equipment.

After preparing the walls, you can begin installing the insulation.

Installation of insulation

Insulation installation instructions are as follows:

First of all, you need to dilute the glue in water and mix it thoroughly. How this is done is indicated on the packaging with the composition;
then the glue must be applied to the insulation using a notched trowel. If the surface of the walls is uneven, it is better to apply the glue in lumps, which will allow you to adjust the position of the insulation relative to the wall;

Now the insulation needs to be glued to the wall. Start working from the corner, performing installation in rows from bottom to top, and thermal insulation should be positioned so that the ceiling is also insulated.
To glue the insulation, press it against the wall and check the position with a building level;
then glue the insulation on the opposite side in exactly the same way, and stretch the twine along the first row. The stretched thread will serve as a beacon for the remaining thermal insulation slabs;
then glue the remaining insulation boards of the first row along the lighthouse;
then the second row of insulation is installed according to the same scheme. The only thing is to position it offset relative to the first row, i.e. according to the principle of brickwork.
If you are insulating a corner room from the outside, then it is also necessary to ensure that the insulation is bandaged at the corner, as shown in the diagram below;

According to this principle, the entire surface of the walls is insulated;
Now you need to install the dowels. To do this, drill holes directly through the insulation to the required depth, then insert “umbrellas” into them and drive in the expansion pins. Keep in mind that the dowel heads should be slightly recessed into the insulation.

Pay special attention to the location of the dowels - they should be installed between the joints of the insulation at the corners, as well as one - two dowels in the center of each insulation;

To complete the work, it is necessary to paste over the window openings. To do this, cut the insulation into panels about 3 cm thick and glue them around the perimeter, thus creating slopes.

To cut the insulation, use a regular wood saw.

This completes the insulation installation process.

Preparation for reinforcement

Before proceeding with reinforcement, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the thermal insulation by performing the following steps:

use the long rule by applying it to the walls on different areas. If lumps are found, they must be rubbed with a special grater.;
Also at this stage, make sure that all the dowels are recessed into the insulation, otherwise they need to be finished off. If it is not possible to deepen the dowel, it must be cut off with a mounting knife and a new one installed next to it;
after that, glue the perforated aluminum corners to all external corners and slopes, using the same glue for the insulation;
if there are gaps between the insulation boards, they must be filled with small pieces of thermal insulation or special foam;
To complete the work, apply glue to the heads of the screws, as well as the joints of the insulation boards.

In the end it should be flat surface walls that can be plastered.

Reinforcement

Insulation reinforcement is carried out as follows:

start work with slope reinforcement. To do this, cut the mesh into sheets of the required sizes, taking into account that it should be placed with a turn at the corners and an overlap of about 10 cm;
after that, apply glue to the surface of the slope a few millimeters thick and attach the mesh to it. You need to run a spatula across the canvas so that the mesh sinks into the glue. Do the work as carefully as possible so that the end result is smooth surface ;
after the surface has dried, the glue is applied again and carefully leveled with a spatula, as if you were puttingty;
Now the walls should be reinforced using the same principle. As a result, you should have a smooth surface suitable for applying decorative plaster.

Padding

Before covering the facade with decorative plaster, the surface of the walls should be treated with a primer. This is done like this:

shake the façade thoroughly and pour it into a special tray for a paint roller;
then dip the roller into the tray and apply it to the wall. Try to do the work carefully so that there are no soil drips;
After the surface has dried, the primer must be applied again.

Now you can start applying decorative plaster.

Plaster

Decorative plaster is applied very simply and quickly:

First, dilute the mixture in water and stir. Detailed instructions are available on the packaging;
Next, use a narrow roller to roll the plaster onto a small trowel or a wide spatula and apply it evenly to the wall. thin layer. The thickness of the layer depends on the size of the filler fraction;
when the plaster on the wall begins to set (thicken), the surface needs to be rubbed with sandpaper to give it a certain texture. Malka can make circular or reciprocating movements in a vertical or horizontal position;
According to this principle, the entire prepared surface of the facade is covered.

Apply within one wall decorative plaster necessary in one go, i.e. without interruption. Otherwise, the transition border will be noticeable.

Painting

The final stage of work is painting, which is carried out as follows:

The paint needs to be shaken and, if necessary, tinted. You can find out in detail how coloring is performed on our portal;
after this, paint must be poured into the roller tray and the roller itself must be dipped into it;
now apply the coating in a uniform, thin layer, avoiding its spreading and splashing;
hard-to-reach places should be touched up with a paint brush;
After a few hours, when the paint has dried, the procedure must be repeated again.

At this point, the work on external wall insulation is completed.

Internal insulation

Insulation from the inside can include not only thermal insulation of walls, but also floors and even ceilings. Therefore, next we will consider the nuances of insulation of all these surfaces.

Floor insulation

To insulate the floor, you will have to install a concrete screed on top of the insulation. This work is carried out in the following sequence:

first of all, prepare the floor - clear it of debris, if necessary, remove the finishing coating;
then cover the floor with waterproofing film, placing the sheets overlapping and folding over the walls;
Then thermal insulation is laid on top of the waterproofing. This can be either mineral wool or polystyrene foam;
then another layer should be laid on top of the thermal insulation waterproofing film. To ensure maximum tightness, seal the joints with tape.;
Now you need to pour the screed on top of the insulation according to the standard scheme. The only thing is that you should not use reinforcing mesh so as not to damage the waterproofing. It is better to perform reinforcement by adding special fiber to the solution.

If you don’t want to deal with wet work, you can do a dry screed yourself. To do this, cover the floor with a layer of expanded clay, level it along the beacons, and lay special panels for dry screed on top.

Wall insulation

It is best to insulate a cold wall from the inside using a dry method. This operation will be performed in the following sequence:

First of all, prepare the wall for insulation - clean off the old finish, if necessary, seal the cracks with putty. In addition, be sure to treat the surface with an antiseptic to prevent mold;
A vapor barrier film must be attached to the prepared wall. To do this, you can use screws with wide heads or even wooden slats;
Now you need to mount a frame for attaching drywall or other finishing material ( plastic panels, lining, etc.). To do this, as usual, attach the guides to the floor and ceiling, and the distance from them to the wall should be a centimeter greater than the thickness of the insulation;
then insert the posts into the guides and secure them with brackets. At this stage, check the position of the racks with a building level. The distance between the racks should be such that the insulation fits closely into the space between them, leaving no gaps;

Next, the space in the resulting frame needs to be filled with insulation. The latter should fit tightly not only to the racks, but also to the ceiling and floor;
Now you need to attach another layer of vapor barrier film to the frame. To do this, you can use profiles that are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws;
To complete the work, attach the finishing material to the frame using self-tapping screws. On our portal you can find detailed information about how to install drywall, plastic panels and other finishing materials.

If you want to completely insulate the room, you need to place thermal insulation on the ceiling. The installation principle remains the same, with the only difference being that the frame is attached to the ceiling, not the walls.

If your apartment has a balcony or loggia, the room can also be insulated and even heated. In this case, you can use the additional space as living space.

Before insulating a balcony in a panel house, all surfaces must be treated with an antifungal compound, since mold often appears here.

This is, perhaps, all the information regarding how insulation of panel houses is carried out.

Conclusion

Insulation of panel houses, as you can see, has quite a lot of nuances that must be taken into account during the work process. However, in general, this procedure is quite simple, which every home craftsman can handle. The only exception is those cases when the work needs to be done at height - do not risk your life, it is better not to spare money and seek help from specialists.

See the video in this article for more information. If you have any questions regarding the insulation of a panel house, ask them in the comments and I will be happy to answer you.

September 6, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, or ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

Just a few years after the construction of a panel house, residents are faced with the question: how to properly insulate it? Over time the ability concrete slabs save warm air and preventing the penetration of cold is significantly reduced. Heat loss begins not only through windows, but also through walls. IN winter period this situation begins not only to introduce some discomfort into the existence of the family, but also greatly irritate it. There is only one way out of this situation - insulating the walls of a panel house.

Insulate the facade of a panel house

If you insulate the room from the outside, you can avoid heat loss through the wall, which will also serve as an obstacle to the destruction of the structure. In addition, the use of various finishing materials will give the house a new, more modern look. External insulation has other advantages:

residents can continue to live in the house during construction work;
the temperature inside the building increases due to the use of thermal insulation material;
the dimensions of the room remain the same;
the structure of the room becomes stronger, the service life increases;
thermal insulation plays a role soundproofing material, reducing the likelihood of noise entering the room.

Insulating a panel house from the outside is very effective because it allows you to reduce heat loss and save on coolant costs. In some cases, the savings reach half the usual cost.

Required materials and tools

Conserving heat without the use of additional electrical appliances can be very effective. For a properly organized process there are various types insulating materials. The most popular are:

mineral wool;
drywall;
foam;
plaster.

The materials used in the work must certainly have high quality. Otherwise, obtaining a positive effect will be a big question. Some of the materials presented on the modern construction market are designed specifically for use in outdoor conditions.

How to insulate walls

There are two technologies used to insulate walls:

Wet facade.
Ventilated facade.

For insulation using the materials described above, the first method is used. To organize a ventilated façade, a system for creating metal frame, onto which finishing material is subsequently attached.

The method by which strengthening with finishing materials occurs if the “wet” method of protecting facades is chosen is quite simple. The wall to be treated must be treated with mastic and then left to dry.

The surface that has dried after processing the joints is ready for further work. It will have to be coated with a primer, which can be done using either a roller or a special sprayer.

Thermal insulation material will have to be fixed to the pre-prepared wall. This can be done using glue and fasteners (nails, dowels). A combination of installation methods is possible.

Floor

High-quality insulation of a panel house begins with protecting the floor. This issue is especially relevant for citizens living on the first floors. In most cases, they have to resort to holding such events.

To reduce heat loss through the floor, the builders provided for the construction of joists on the floor of an apartment located on the 1st floor of a multi-story building. In cells that are organized by the intersection of elements wooden structure, lay insulating materials. This can be either polystyrene foam or mineral wool, or more exotic material options: expanded clay or sawdust. (You can read more about the types and brands of expanded clay).

Modern building and finishing materials are presented in such a variety that every owner of the premises will find his own option for floor insulation. In addition, new materials are constantly appearing, but they have proven themselves to be excellent. This can be said about such types of insulation as polyurethane foam or penoizol. The use of even a thin 30 mm layer of these materials will reduce heat loss very significantly.

You can learn how to insulate a floor in a room with your own hands quickly and efficiently by watching the video.

Seams

A large amount of useful thermal energy is lost in a panel house through seams. This problem can also be easily solved by processing them. Filling the distance between the slabs with mortar allows you to fill the existing voids in the seams and helps to insulate the entire structure as a whole.

The choice of mixtures that can be used to fill the seams in a panel house suggests how they self-cooking, and purchase in finished form. One way or another, these compositions may contain foam beads to retard the flow of heat, and contain air particles to retain heat trying to penetrate the street.

If the distance between the seams is large, then you can fill it with soft insulating fiber. It is played by the well-known mineral wool. Her key characteristics the following:

high compression ratio;
possibility of use at work negative temperatures air;
ease of use, consisting in ease of installation and the absence of a list of tools, without which work would be impossible.

Mineral wool fibers are volatile and can also release formaldehyde components. These facts lead to a decrease in the frequency of use of this material in insulating panel seams. More practical in such a situation is stone wool, which is safe for the health of residents and has fibers that do not break.

Foam plastic

Modern insulation, which is used very often. It is quite economical, easy to use and easy to install. Self-conducting installation work it is possible even for an inexperienced person, and performing work on high floors requires the involvement of industrial climbers.

After the slabs have been processed on the outside, insulation can be attached to them. If foam is used as this material, then you should remember the recommended thickness of the material. It should not be less than 50 mm. On inner side Each sheet should be applied with glue, which is specially designed for work of this type.

Laying insulation should not be accompanied by the formation of cracks, because the work will not make sense: precious heat will escape through them. This can only be avoided if competent organization installation work and use, in addition to glue, and other types of fasteners.

Mineral wool

Many manufacturers work with this type of insulation such as mineral wool. It is quite effective, but there are certain nuances when working with this material. So, cotton wool should not get wet, otherwise its thermal insulation properties will be lost. To avoid moisture accumulation in the insulation layers, before installation, the material is protected by laying vapor barrier materials.

The membrane may not be used if an insulation method such as a ventilated façade is chosen. In this case, moisture will be removed due to the air gap.

Drywall

The issues of room insulation must be taken seriously. In certain climatic conditions, insulating walls with mineral wool is considered completely justified. In this case, you cannot do without sheets of drywall.

In this way, you can insulate not only facade surfaces, but also residential premises: balconies, loggias, interior walls technical premises. At the same time, you should be careful with the amount of mineral wool used. Its excess will not only not make the apartment warmer, but will also contribute to excessive cooling.

Preparatory work

Transforming an apartment into a room that meets all thermal insulation requirements is possible. To do this, it is necessary to properly organize insulation measures. A big role is given to preparatory stage. It requires:

process the joints between the plates;
carefully seal the gaps;
clean all crevices from construction debris;
seal all parts of the building that will come into contact with the insulation;
insulation large cracks mineral or stone wool.

If the cracks have been additionally insulated, a layer of mastic must be placed on top.

How to insulate a panel house. Step by step instructions

The instructions for insulating a panel house contain the following steps:

selection of material and its quantity depending on climatic conditions and purposes;
purchase of materials and construction tools;
drying walls using a heat gun;
removing possible finishing from walls to be insulated;
applying an antiseptic composition to surfaces that will soon be covered;
applying a primer; (read how to apply primer correctly in the article Primer of walls - surface preparation)
sealing seams, if necessary, additional insulation;
installation of insulation (using glue, plasterboard sheets and a metal frame);
use of metal mesh for additional reinforcement;
finishing of insulation if necessary.

The start of work should be on the lower part of the wall, because this is where the starting bar is installed. It is most convenient to apply the glue with a spatula.

Specialists with extensive experience in installation work advise:

insulate the frame of a panel house in the summer;
for external insulation, it would be useful to insulate the internal parts of the wall;
the best option would be to use seamless technologies, as this will save additional heat;
some modern technologies are very convenient, for example, the use of polyurethane foam for insulation, which can even be applied by spraying;
do not forget about the use of vapor barrier;
the selected material should not be afraid of moisture.

Compliance with the rules for installing thermal insulation materials will not only make the room warmer and more comfortable, but also significantly extend the life of the walls, because an additional layer of coating protects them from destruction.

Panel houses were considered chic during Khrushchev's construction. Insulation of the facade of a panel house - fast and cheap technology made it possible to put into operation a huge number of square meters, with which residents still suffer. In roofless buildings with thin walls, it is sometimes too damp and cold. The inner surfaces of the walls are infected with fungus, and mold can even grow in the bathroom.

Figure 1. External insulation of the entire house.

The best option for all residents may be insulation of the facade of a panel house. It is not only Khrushchev houses that suffer from such “diseases”. The technology of panel housing construction is still popular and far from perfect. Therefore, the method should be adopted by all residents of “panelkas”.

I love it building structure can be insulated from the outside and inside. In any case, we will get a cake that will consist of structural material and insulation. Insulation is a material with low thermal conductivity, the main task of which is to prevent loss heat from the apartment.

If you insulate a house from the inside, then there is a high probability of condensation occurring on the inner layer of the wall behind the insulation. This is due to the fact that the air flow gradually heats up to temperature inside the building, passing layer by layer pie from the enclosing structure. At some point, the temperature of the air flow reaches the dew point and condensation occurs. This is useful for the indoor climate, since less heat will be spent heating dry air, but for structural materials such a shower threatens with huge problems.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, the dew point will shift into the thickness of the insulation, which ideally should not be harmed. Advantages of external insulation:

Dew point offset.
Protection of the enclosing structure from getting wet.
Does not occupy the interior space of the apartment.
Does not require high-quality and expensive vapor barrier.

Any heating engineer, if possible, will choose external insulation, this is confirmed building codes and rules. The use of internal insulation is always an extreme measure or unprofessionalism.

Materials for insulating the walls of panel houses outside

Today's market for thermal insulation materials is huge, but there are products that are deservedly considered classics thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside.

Among these materials are:

mineral wool;
sandwich panels;
polystyrene foam

Figure 2. Expanded polystyrene for facade insulation.

Let's analyze each of the options separately to understand what advantages this or that type of insulation has.

Mineral wool

Mineral or stone wool usually called insulation based on extruded stone chips. The point of using stone is that it creates a foam slab with stable walls. The interior space is like this slabs 90% filled with air. And today air is the material with the lowest thermal conductivity. Therefore, all insulation materials include air.

There are three types of mineral wool:

Basalt mineral wool with a synthetic binder. This is the most popular option. If you hear someone talking about mineral wool, then most likely they mean this type of insulation. Mats made from this material are loved by all heating engineers for their ease of installation, low cost and good thermal insulation properties. However, basalt wool is used extremely rarely for insulating façade houses, since its installation requires a frame that must be thermally insulated separately to prevent cold bridges from appearing.
Glass wool. It was used everywhere for insulation in the last century. Now it is completely unsuitable as insulation: it constantly crumbles, falls off quickly and is extremely dangerous to install. When installing basalt mineral wool slabs It is enough to use a respirator. To install glass wool blocks, you will have to protect your entire body. In addition, the thermal insulation characteristics of the material are very mediocre.
Mineral wool based on cellulose. The name speaks for itself. This is a fire hazardous insulation made from foamed paper residues. The main advantage that manufacturers are trying to cling to is environmental friendliness. But the insulation does its job poorly, and therefore there is no particular point in using it.

Sandwich panel

Sandwich panels are used primarily due to the possibility of quick installation. The panel itself is insulation sandwiched between two layers of structural material. The following acts as insulation:

Foamed polyurethane. High quality but expensive material. It is not profitable to use it to insulate the facade of an apartment panel building. But a sandwich panel with such insulation is perfect for a private home.
Mineral wool. This insulation has already been mentioned earlier; all its properties are transferred here completely. The use of sandwich panels protects the mineral wool board from precipitation, making installation easier.
Foam plastic. These are the most popular sandwich panels. The insulation used makes them lightweight and quite effective.

Foam plastic

Foam plastic is the most popular material in Russia for insulating building facades. The undoubted advantage of this insulation is that it is absolutely not susceptible to moisture, when the basalt mineral wool slab turns into rags over time. As a rule, the service life of such insulation does not exceed 10 years. Foam manufacturers guarantee from 30 to 50 years of service.

Figure 3. Insulating the facade with polystyrene foam.

Attached to the façade is polystyrene foam using dowels or with special glue. And most often, both methods are combined to create a reliable fastening.

Methods of external insulation of facades

In total there are two installation method insulation on the building facade:

Dry method or ventilated facade.
Wet method.

Each technology has its own advantages, so we will consider each option separately.

Insulation of facades ventilated facade

The dry method does not involve the use of mixtures with added water. In order to create thermal insulation layer using this method, a thermal shield is made from insulation materials, which are covered with panel materials. The materials we have already discussed are used as insulation materials. The façade is called ventilated because a small air gap is left between the panel material and the insulation to ventilate the insulation.

Facade insulation wet facade

This method involves insulation façade surfaces using specialized water-based mixtures. These mixtures may have different composition. Recently, cellulose-based foam insulation has been increasingly used. The main advantage of this method: filling all cracks and holes. The wet method does not leave cold bridges through which heat can flow out of the room.

Insulation technology

Regardless of the used insulation installation technologies, procedure wall preparation required. All materials are purchased before installation. Purchasing additional consumables during the process is a poor calculation of materials, which can lead to poor-quality installation of insulation.

Preparation of materials

As a rule, workers have an outline plan of the building. This means the required quantity material you can always calculate. This is the area of the walls minus the area of the windows. The resulting insulation area needs to be increased by 20 percent. Based on the consumption per insulation area, fasteners are calculated and the required tools are pretended to be. Approximate consumption of fasteners per sq.m. insulation is contained on the manufacturers' websites.

All foam sheets or mineral wool slabs must be unpacked on the ground, laid out and molded. As a rule, any insulation can be easily cut with a saw or a special knife.

Required materials and tools

In addition to the insulation, you will have to purchase a sealant for seam sealing. Different insulation materials require different consumables. In the case of using polystyrene foam, in addition to the sealant you need to buy reinforcing mesh, plaster, glue and dowels.

For mineral wool you will need self-tapping screws and iron slats. Self-tapping screws and glue are needed for installing sandwich panels.

Here is a sample list of tools for surface insulation buildings:

scaffolding for work at heights;
a set of spatulas for sealing joints, preparing walls and applying glue;
drill;
insurance.

After all the tools are ready and the materials are molded, you can begin installing the insulation.

Preparing the walls

First of all, the old coating is removed: plaster and cracked paint are cleaned from the surface panel walls Houses. It is imperative to coat all joints with putty and seal all cracks in the panels with plaster or mortar. Installation of insulation is carried out only in the most clean, flat wall. If the wall is sloping, this must be taken into account during installation. We’ll tell you exactly how a little later.

Figure 4. Insulation of the facade of a multi-storey building.

Once the walls are prepared, you can begin installing the insulation. We will describe in detail only the installation of foam plastic, as the most popular and effective material.

Installation of insulation

On the wall glue is applied one by one, from bottom to top, foam plates are attached.

Important! If the wall is uneven, then you can use glue to level it, but no more than 2 cm. For large distortions, you will have to come up with a more expensive method.

After all the plates are glued, you need to additionally attach the foam with dowels. To do this, a hole is drilled through the slab, the length of which should reach the wall. After this, the expansion umbrella is inserted and the dowel is driven in. The umbrella should be on the same surface as the rest of the insulation plane; to do this, it needs to be recessed a little. This is necessary for subsequent reinforcement. Nothing complicated about installation of foam plastic no, it's fast enough and reliable way provide thermal protection of the building.

Insulation of interpanel seams

When preparing the walls, it is necessary to sealing interpanel seams. To do this you need:

Open the joint.
Clean the seam from old putty, sealant and dirt.
The next step is to prepare the substrate for new insulation. To do this, the seam is filled with polyurethane foam.
A heat-insulating tube is embedded in the foam that has not yet hardened.
The tube foams on top. After hardening, excess polyurethane foam is cut off.
The entire joint is sealed with sealant.

When installing insulation, its joints must not coincide with the joints of the panels. It's better to do everything overlapping.

Reinforcement

Polystyrene foam does not require panel materials like mineral wool. However, this is a fragile material, so it is covered with plaster. To do this, the insulation is reinforced, after which the iron mesh is attached to the surface using dowels.

Figure 5. External wall insulation.

For multi-storey buildings, reinforcement is done end-to-end. The lap process can cause the plaster layer to delaminate. As preparation for reinforcement holes are created for the dowels. After the mesh is tensioned, pins are driven into these holes.

Padding

The reinforced surface must be primed before puttying. It is better to apply the primer in 3 layers, and plaster immediately after drying.

Plaster

Plastering and painting, allows you to hide the foam under a beautiful facade. Not a single person will notice the joints between the panels of the house or the insulation sheets. At the same time, the house will look updated, as if after a major renovation.

Painting

Paint the plaster with waterproof paints. If the insulation budget is large enough, then you can use insulating paint to secure the material. However, this pleasure is not cheap, so you should think twice about such expenses.

Particularly difficult wall sections

Particularly difficult areas are corners and windows. To insulate corners must be sealed. You will have to install high-quality double-glazed windows in the window openings, and still cover the end parts with foam plastic, followed by reinforcement and plaster. Do not forget that after final finishing, the facade of the building should look like a single whole.