FOUNDATION:
crushed stone:
6.8 m³ x 1900 RUR/m³	12920 rub.
concrete M200:
5.2 m³ x 4200 RUR/m³	21840 rub.
concrete M200:
22.7 m³ x 4200 RUR/m³	95340 rub.
rod fittings Ø10, 12, 14 AIII:
1.5 t x RUB 37,500/ton	56250 rub.
foundation blocks FBS 24-3-6:
36 pcs. x 2360 RUR/pcs.	84960 rub.
cement-sand mixture:
1 m³ x 2700 RUR/m³	2700 rub.
softwood board for formwork:
1.1 m³ x 6500 RUR/m³	7150 rub.
roofing felt RKK-350:
3 rolls x 315 RUR/roll (10m²)	945 rub.

TOTAL: by foundation

282105 rub.

COVERS:
wooden beams 150x50; 170x100; 150x100:
2.6 m³ x 7000 RUR/m³	18200 rub.
Knauf plasterboard slabs (2500x1200x10):
16 pcs. x 260 rub./pcs.	4160 rub.
metal profile with fasteners:
132.5 l.m x 51 rub./l.m	6758 rub.
mineral wool insulation (Rockwool):
11.4 m³ x 3700 RUR/m³	42180 rub.
:
110 m² x 68 RUR/m²	7480 rub.
polyethylene vapor barrier film:
110 m² x 11 RUR/m²	1210 rub.
plywood sheets FC 1525x1525x18:
0.8 m³ x 19,000 rub./m³	15200 rub.
subfloor board:
0.9 m³ x 6500 RUR/m³	5850 rub.

TOTAL: by floors

101038 rub.

ROOF:
pine beams (150x50mm):
2.4 m³ x 7000 rub./m³	16800 rub.
wood-protective composition:
35 l x 75 rub./liter	2625 rub.
waterproofing film (Tyvek Soft):
107 m² x 68 RUR/m²	7276 rub.
profiled sheets SINS 35–1000:
102 m² x 347 RUR/m²	RUB 35,394
self-tapping screws with washer EPDM 4.8x35:
4 packs x 550 rub./pack (250 pcs.)	2200 rub.
ridge profile (2000mm):
5 pieces. x 563 rub./pcs.	2815 rub.
sheathing board 100x25mm:
0.6 m³ x 7000 RUR/m³	4200 rub.

10:0,0,0,260;0,290,260,260;290,290,260,0;290,0,0,0|5:171,171,0,260;0,171,111,111;171,290,160,160|1134:220,160|1334:146,39;146,122|2255:0,155|2155:65,0;65,260;206,260|2422:290,50;290,99|1934:211,-20

RUB 747,553.0

Only for the Moscow region!

Calculation of the cost of work

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Example of 8x7 m layout for calculation	Structural diagram
		1. Wooden beam 150x150mm; 2. slab mineral insulation d=100mm; 3. Plastic siding; 4. Ventilation gap d=20-50mm; 7. Floor beams d=150-250mm; 8. Roof made of corrugated sheets; 9. Monolithic foundation concrete slab and prefabricated blocks h=1.8m;

Timber-timber wall finished with siding panels and interlayer thermal insulation

Timber-beam wall

The high popularity of timber and log construction among our fellow citizens is predetermined by the traditional nature, accessibility and healing aura of forest house construction.

The features of a wooden dwelling have been proven to normalize the level of humidity within 45-55%, saturate the premises with fintocides, and also have a pacifying effect on the psyche of people.

It is worth noting that recently there has undoubtedly been a growing interest in molded materials, in particular in prefabricated glued lumber material, which is characterized, in comparison with non-glued solids, by increased (due to adhesive joints) heat-saving and strength properties, as well as significantly lower shrinkage. Without a doubt, the disadvantage that slows down the mass use of laminated veneer lumber is its significant price, which, however, is more than justified by its long service life.

In construction warehouses it is possible to see timber products of standard sizes 140x140, 100x100, 120x120, 150x150, 180x180, 200x150, 150x100, of which the most used size is 150x150 mm, since it has an optimal balance of structural characteristics and low cost, as well as the complexity of installation , expressed by the number of sealed interrow joints.

Standard diagram for assembling a house made of timber:

• First, on the foundation, covered with a waterproof film, along the contours of the walls, a lower row of timber is installed, which is connected by a tenon insert at the corners and at the joining points of the internal partitions.
• In order to join the logs together, dowels are used - round oak or birch dowels with a diameter of 3.0-4.0 cm, which are installed effortlessly into holes made through three rows of beams, every 0.3÷0.4 m. Quite often, dowels are replaced with large nails (25÷30 cm), with the obligatory execution of a groove in the upper log, 30...40 mm deep, into which the nail is placed, to compensate for the linear compression of the lumber during shrinkage.
• So that during the shrinkage process wooden house windows and doors are not deformed, door and light openings are framed in vertical areas with “casing” - profile posts. In this case, a U-shaped tenon is cut out at the ends of the rows of timber, along which the mentioned timber profiles move, due to the corresponding recess. Above windows and doors, technological gaps are arranged and filled with fiberglass or felt insulation.
• When erecting walls, log rows are laid with a seam seal (flax batting, hemp, jute, flax jute, felt, tow), which after 9-12 months (or when the water content of the log house reaches 12-15%) will have to be caulked again to minimize heat loss through inter-beam joints.
• When choosing interior decoration seasonal deformations of timber-log walls should be taken into account and, when installing inelastic cladding (for example, plasterboard sheets), avoid direct connections to the timber wall by adding suspended buffer frame structures.

Siding cladding

If all-season residence is planned, the log cottage should also be covered with thermal insulation. As a rule, they are attached from the outside, in a vertical position. wooden joists, with dimensions of 100x50 mm, with an interval of 400-600 mm, between which insulation is laid (for example, type: P-175, Ursa, Izomin, P-125, Knauf, Rockwool, PPZH-200, Isover, Isorok), after which hydraulic - and windproof film (Izospan, Yutavek, Tyvek), secured with a counter-lattice, 25÷50 mm thick, onto which a decorative false wall (painted lining, DSP panels or plastic siding) is attached.

Due to the fact that the vinyl siding profile changes its linear dimensions quite significantly when oscillating temperature regime, then you need to use loose fastening of vinyl plates.

Today, manufacturers of plastic siding (for example, brands: Nordside, Varitek, Georgia Pacific, Docke, Vytec, Snowbird, Tecos, Ortho, FineBer, Gentek, Mitten, AltaProfil, Holzplast) offer a rich color palette, allowing any home to look different from the rest.

It is important to consider that PVC siding can retain its attractive appearance and last a long time only if the installation instructions are followed punctually.

PVC siding is resistant to chemical, atmospheric, mechanical factors, is not subject to corrosion, and does not support combustion.

In a fire, a polyvinyl chloride profile only melts, igniting when heated to at least 390°C (and wood is already at 230-260°C), soon extinguishing when the source of heating is removed, and the volume of carcinogenic heating products is no more than during smoldering of wooden structures.

Basic technological rules for fastening PVC siding:

• When hanging the next siding strip, snap it onto the locking protrusion with the underlying strip and, without pulling it, secure it with screws;
• In order to disguise seams, hanging vinyl panels it is better to do it starting from the rear wall of the building, moving to the front wall, and each subsequent siding strip will cover the one already installed in the row being performed, by about 2.5...3 cm, for the same purpose, the resulting joints, for adjacent rows, need to be shifted horizontally.
• The mounted siding plates should move easily left and right; to do this, do not tighten the screws in the mounting slots all the way.
• In places where external communications are carried out (wires, brackets, cables, pipes), as well as at connection points plastic panel and accessories (H-profile, internal corner, external corner, platband, etc.), it is necessary to provide cuttings of about a centimeter to ensure thermal contractions or expansions of PVC siding.
• In order not to interfere with thermal contractions and stretching and, thus, not to provoke point arching PVC material, screw self-tapping screws or nail nails into the siding profile in the center of the finished factory holes.
• Vinyl profiles are fastened from the bottom up, according to the instructions; first, a special starting profile is installed.

Slab reinforced concrete foundation with block prefabricated tape

The slab-side base is arranged around the perimeter external walls buildings in the form of a solid reinforced concrete slab on which standard concrete blocks are placed.

The type of foundation under consideration is practiced in low-rise buildings to form the basement level of the house, on unstable lands, subject to a low level groundwater. In waterlogged areas, the side walls of the foundation should be made in the form of a continuous reinforced concrete strip, using waterproof coatings: gluing, coating, impregnation.

Along with this, the prefabricated block system of vertical foundation walls, according to the already finished reinforced concrete slab, is optimal for fast construction rates, as well as for the production of a “zero” cycle during the cold period.

Standard execution sequence one slab foundation side parts in the form of prefabricated reinforced concrete tape:

• First of all, the earth is dug out to the designed depth.
• Crushed stone, 40/60 in size, 150-200 mm thick, is poured onto the resulting base and compacted thoroughly.
• Sand-cement filling is carried out, 50 mm thick.
• A waterproof film is spread with an extension of 180-200 cm along the edges for lateral waterproofing of the sides of the foundation base.
• To protect the moisture-proofing layer from possible ruptures during welding of the reinforcement structure, a second layer of cement mortar, 40 mm thick, along the perimeter of which formwork is placed at the height of the foundation slab.
• The formed slab is reinforced with two rows of welded iron rods with a diameter of Ø14, type AII, with a pitch of 20x20 cm.
• For slab foundations, only ready-mixed concrete, brand M300, class B22.5, transported by concrete mixer.
• The duration of concrete hardening (when it is already permissible to install a perimeter from FBS blocks) is at least 4 weeks in warm weather.
• The installation of wall blocks is carried out relative to the axial lines, along two mutually perpendicular walls, controlling the alignment with the theodolite. The prefabricated blocks are guided by a truck crane onto a “bed” of mortar.
• It is more correct to begin installation by laying beacon blocks at the intersections of axes and in the corners of the building. You should start arranging linear blocks only after checking the position of the reference blocks along the horizon and level.
• Using the last row of FBS blocks, in board formwork, a reinforced mortar screed is produced, 250 mm high.

Beam-wood floor

Floors from wooden beams traditionally popular in dacha construction, due to the convenience and cost-effectiveness of their manufacture.

Wood is traditionally used for joists coniferous species(for example: spruce, larch, pine), with a moisture content of no more than 14%. It is known that the strongest beam is a block with an aspect ratio of seven to five (for example, 0.14x0.10 m).

When calculating lumber for flooring, it is necessary to be guided by special tables that take into account the dependence of the parameters of the beam structure on the span size and load; or you can start from the simplified rule that the width of the beam should be about 0.042 of the width of the room, and the thickness - 5÷10 cm, with a laying step of beam boards of 50 - 100 cm and a load of 150 kgf/m².

If there is a shortage of lags of sufficient size, it is permissible to use bolted boards, while leaving the overall size unchanged.

Characteristic moments of installing a beam-and-timber floor:

• in wooden log houses, the edges of the beams are hemmed in the shape of a funnel, and then driven into the finished opening of the upper crown to the entire depth of the wall.
• The lag is installed in the following sequence: first the first and last, and then, with control by the bubble level, all the remaining ones. The beams should be placed on the wall structure by at least 15-20 cm.
• To avoid possible damage by rot, which may occur during diffusion of steam in a masonry niche, the ends of the beam boards are sawed off at an angle of about 60°, coated with an antiseptic solution (Biosept, KSD, Teknos, Senezh, Pinotex, Cofadex, Tikkurila, Biofa, Aquatex, Holzplast , Tex, Kartotsid, Dulux) and cover with roofing felt, keeping the end open.
• The beam beams are set back from the wall by at least 5 cm, and the space between the beams and smoke channel must be at least 40 cm.
• Typically, in brick structures, the edges of the beams are located in the masonry openings in which moisture condenses; for this reason, between the end parts of the beams and the masonry, space is left for ventilation, and if the groove depth is significant, another layer of thermal insulation is installed.

The interfloor ceiling is not insulated, the basement floor is thermally insulated with the installation of a vapor barrier membrane on top of the thermal protection, and the upper level ceiling is thermally insulated with the laying of a vapor barrier layer at the bottom of the insulation.

Since the problem of structural reliability of wood-beam inter-level floors is mainly removed by obviously increasing the cross-section of the joists and their number, then with fire resistance and noise insulation everything does not look so clear.

One of the options for increasing the sound insulation and fire retardant parameters of wood beams interfloor ceilings consists of the following points:

• From the bottom of the load-bearing logs, at an angle of 90 degrees, with the help of spring brackets, after 0.30-0.40 m, metal profiles are fixed - sheathing, on which gypsum fiber boards are suspended from below.
• A synthetic film is spread over the manufactured lattice structure and stapled to the beams, onto which slab mineral fiber insulation is tightly laid out, for example: Isover, Isorok, Knauf, Ursa, Izomin, Rockwool, with a layer of 5 centimeters, with a rise of vertical surfaces floor beams.
• In upper-level rooms they are screwed onto the beams with self-tapping screws chipboard sheets(16÷25 mm), after this, a high-density basalt fiber sound insulator (2.5...3.0 cm), and again, plywood slabs are laid to prepare the floor.

Corrugated roof

Corrugated sheet material consists of sheets of molded metal of a trapezoidal shape, painted with a zinc layer, which are marked with symbols such as B-45, NS44, NS35, MP-35, H57, H44, H60, NS18, S-21, where the numbers indicate the size of the profile section.

The main advantages of a corrugated roof, in comparison with metal tiles, are the minimum costs and speed of implementation.

To decorate the roof, corrugated sheeting with a corrugation amplitude of 2 cm is used to ensure the required strength and economical use of sheathing material. The working angle to the roof horizon is considered to be at least 1:7.

The roof is installed on a supporting structure made up of sheathing preparation and rafter elements.

When constructing private buildings, a 2.3-span structure with inclined trusses and intermediate supporting walls is usually designed.

The supporting ends of the rafter beams are lowered onto a mauerlat with a section of 10x10-15x15 cm; the interval between the rafter beams is usually about 600-900 mm with a cross-section of the rafter beams of 50x150-100x150 mm.

Standard installation procedure for profiled metal sheets:

• A roof using corrugated steel sheets, like every other roofing base made of rolled steel, when arranging a warm attic space, involves the use of an under-roof waterproofing membrane, such as: Izospan, Stroizol SD130, Tyvek, Yutavek 115,135, TechnoNIKOL, which covers the inter-rafter heat-insulating material from dripping condensate water.
• The waterproof membrane is installed horizontally, from bottom to top, with an inter-tier overlap of 10÷15 cm and a sag between the rafters of about 20 mm, with further gluing of the seam line with adhesive tape.
• To remove unnecessary inter-tier joints, long side The profiled sheet is chosen to be similar to the transverse size of the roof slope, plus 20...30 centimeters, taking into account the overhang.
• The interval between the sheathing bars is determined by the slope of the roof slope and the thickness of the profile relief: if the profile grade is C-8-C-25, and the slope is steeper than 15 °, then the gap between the sheathings is 400 mm, and for the NS-35÷NS-44 nomenclature - about 0.7÷1.0 m.
• To avoid lifting of the corrugated sheets during gusts of wind, their fastening should be carried out from the lowest corner of the end cut of the roof, opposite to the prevailing direction of the wind flow.
• The corrugated sheets are fixed to the sheathing boards with galvanized self-tapping screws, 28...40, Ø4.8 mm long, with sealing washers, in the deflection of the wave, and the ridge corners, on the contrary, in the crest of the wave. Along the cornice, fixation occurs in all lower zones of the profile relief, and the consumption of screws is considered to be 6 ÷ 8 units. per m2 of profiled material.
• The longitudinal overlap of corrugated sheets should be done in one wave, but if the slope of the roof slope is less than 12 degrees - in two corrugated waves.

Building a house from timber is always associated with considerable financial costs. But so that they do not exceed the allotted limit and you have enough materials, you need to calculate the construction of a house made of timber.

Our portal "Remontik" offers step by step steps calculating timber for building a house:

	Consumption of timber per house.
	Formula for calculating material consumption for load-bearing walls the buildings.
	Material consumption for the roof frame of a house.
	Factors that influence the amount of materials needed for a roof frame.
	Calculation of the amount of material for sheathing and rafters.
	Number of blanks for constructing beams.
	Calculation of the number of floorboards.

Regardless of whether you are planning to build housing on your own or you decide to hire workers for this, you need to draw up an estimate. It will be the basis of all work.
A timber house contains the following structural elements:

• walls;

• roof;

• floor and ceiling logs;

• sheathing;

• rafters;

• fasteners and insulation;

• windows and doors;

• harness.

Consumption of timber for building a house

To build a house for permanent residence timber 150x150 mm, 150x100 mm, 200x200mm or 100x100 mm is used. Before starting work, it is worth choosing the size of the workpieces and calculating how much timber may be needed. Usually calculations are made in cubic meters, and not in pieces.

Calculation form for beams for load-bearing walls

Calculation of timber for building a house can be done using the following formula:

• to begin with, the sum of the length of all the walls of the building is calculated, not just external, but also internal;
• the perimeter must be multiplied by the height of the house, excluding the pediment (the facade of the building, which is limited by the cornice and roof slopes);
• the value you get should be multiplied by the thickness of the timber for construction.

As a result, you will receive the number of cubes that you will need to build a house. As a rule, they are limited to one or two floors.

As a result, to build a house you will need 13.5 m 3 of timber with a cross-section of 150x150 mm. If you plan to use more walls, then it is important to take them into account in the calculations.

For the convenience of calculating the construction of a house made of timber and facilitating the choice, you can use the data given in the table (with a length of 6 meters):

Beam section	Pieces per cube	Volume of one piece
200x200 mm	4,1	0.24 m 3
150x150 mm	7,4	0.135 m 3
100x150 mm	11,1	0.09 m 3
100x100 mm	16,6	0.06 m 3

To make the correct calculation for building a house made of timber, you need to take into account what you cannot avoid when individual construction– even a trusted supplier will have several defective units in one batch. This must be taken into account when purchasing and order blanks with a small margin.

Material consumption for the roof frame

For a log house it is used rafter system, which stands load-bearing frame roofs. Wood is a durable material, but despite this, it should not be overloaded, otherwise it can cause the destruction of load-bearing walls and uneven shrinkage.

The rafter system belongs to the category pitched roofs. It is cheaper and easier to build a gable roof with your own hands. The technology is accessible to a beginner, and it requires much less material.

Factors Affecting the Amount of Material Required for a Roof Frame

If you want your roof to be not just beautiful, but also reliable, do not skimp on building materials. It is important not to deviate from the technology when building it yourself.

Frame wooden roof contains the following required elements:

• rafters or rafter legs;

• pediment, consisting of timber, similar to load-bearing walls;

• beams (logs) - horizontally located beams that provide the basis for laying the floorboard;

• Mauerlat - a thick layer located around the perimeter of the walls, used to distribute the weight of the frame equally;

• sheathing - attached to the rafters and serves as the basis for installing the roof.

How to calculate the cost of building a quality house made of timber

According to SNiP 31-02, any roof has a number of requirements, taking into account which building materials need to be calculated. That is, so that the frame fully complies with the stated standards and ensures protection of the house from snow, rain and melt water, does not allow cold air, you need to find out exactly how many blanks are needed.

Calculation of the amount of timber for the frame: Mauerlat

The amount of material directly depends on the coverage area. For example, we can consider a 6x6 house. For quality basis you will need a thick, strong beam 150x150 mm or 150x100 mm. It is laid on four load-bearing walls; therefore, to make a mauerlat, four beams are needed, each 6 meters long.

Attention! If the house does not require internal load-bearing walls, then it is important that the distance between them does not exceed 8 meters. If there is another support inside the house, then it is worth increasing the distance to 14-16 meters.

For example: 6+6+9+9=30 meters.

The perimeter, namely 30 meters, must be divided by the length of one bar: 30 m/6 m = 5 pieces.

As a result, to build a mauerlat for a 6x9 m house you need 5 bars of 6 meters each.

Calculation of the amount of material for sheathing and rafters

The rafter system is the main support for roofing material, which protects the house from snow and wind.

Calculation of the timber that will be used for the construction of rafters is done using the following formula:

1. The total load of wind and snow per 1 m 2 of the roof - it is calculated on the basis of SNiP 2.01.07-85 “Loads and impacts”. Therefore, for a slope with an angle of 45 degrees, the length of the roof is 6.5 meters and the length of the rafters is 3.5 meters, the load is 226.3 kg/m2.
2. Total load – 5148 kg. Now we multiply 6.5 m by 3.5 m and get 22.75 m, which represents the surface area of ​​the slope (5148 kg).
3. Then you need to find out the length of all the rafters and how much timber you need to purchase for their construction. To do this, taking into account that 1 linear meter can support a weight of 100 kg, we divide 5148 kg into structures and get 51.48 m. This will be the minimum length of the rafters.
4. The roof slope overhangs the wall by approximately 50 cm, which means you need to buy 4 meters of wood.
5. It is very easy to calculate the number of pieces: 51.48/4 = 12.87, or more precisely 14, since they are arranged in pairs. That is, you will need 7 pairs.

According to the instructions, the distance between the rafters should be equal to the number that is obtained if you divide the length of the roof by one less quantity pairs of rafters, namely 6.5/6 = 1.08 meters. The cross-section of the workpieces is 150x150 mm or 100x150 mm.

The rafter system also contains wooden sheathing. For it, boards approximately 2.5 cm thick are used. They need to be positioned horizontally, namely parallel to the ridge.

In this case, the width of the board should not be more than 15 cm. There are two laying methods, which determine the number of purchased timber.

The first is continuous styling, when the distance is no more than 1-2 cm and is sparse. In this case, the flight can reach 10 or more centimeters. The more often the boards are laid, the warmer and stronger the structure, but at the same time its cost increases.

Calculating the quantity is very simple. The length of the board and skate is measured. Then the installation of the skate must be divided by the footage of the board. This way you can find out how many boards are needed for the support strip.

If the width is 15 centimeters and the gap is 5, then the number obtained after addition must be divided by the length of the slope. As a result, you will receive the number of blanks.

Calculating the cost of building a log house is a painstaking task. Therefore, it is important to take into account that everything must be purchased in reserve. Roofing consumption is calculated taking into account the roof surface area. In this case, natural openings are not taken into account - space for the attic door and chimney door, if there is one in the project.

Beam flooring is especially in demand in low-rise construction. They are characterized by a relatively low price, they are quick and easy to make, wood is a durable material and is light in weight. It does not place significant loads on the foundation structure.

For floor beams, only coniferous wood is used. In most cases, this is larch, since it is the most reliable and durable material that can withstand heavy weight:

• good resistance to temperature changes;
• stable tightness;
• practically does not shrink.

Worth giving preference the best preparations, which were dried in steam chambers and have a humidity of no more than 14%. In this case, the aspect ratio should be 150x200 mm or 150x100 mm.

For proper design, in order to perform a competent calculation of materials for timber construction, you need to take into account the width of the span. The larger it is, the more often the beams are laid, and their number also increases. To cover an attic, it is not at all necessary to lay the pieces very close to each other.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the table, which allows you to determine how many pieces you will need:

Span width in meters	Distance between beams in meters	Optimal workpiece cross-section in mm
3	1	150x100
4	0,5	150x100
4	1	150x150
5	0,5	150x200
6	0,5	150x200
7	0,5	150x250

This means that for a span of 4 m you need to buy 6 blanks for laying floor beams, starting from a step of 1 m. That is, 4 pieces will be used to cover the span and 2 more will go to the edges near the walls. The cost directly depends on the length of the beam.

Calculation of the number of floorboards

Before calculating how much floorboard you will need, you should decide on its dimensions:

• The optimal length is 4, 4.5 and 6 meters;
• thickness is presented in the following sizes: 32 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm;
• standard width – 105 mm or 100 mm.

If you plan to make a floor from whole boards, then it is worth reducing the amount of waste.

The calculation of material for constructing a house from timber is carried out based on the width and length of the area to be covered and on how the board will be laid - across or lengthwise.

The calculations are quite simple. If you know the parameters of the workpieces, then you will determine the usable area; it is 5-7 mm less than the actual one as a result of the tongue and groove.

Manufacturers usually make boards 6 meters long. It is also necessary to take into account the amount of waste that you cannot avoid.

Calculations are performed as follows:

• Divide the known area of ​​the room by the area of ​​the board, taking into account only the useful area - this is the amount required for installation.
• When the room has parameters other than 6 meters, it is important to take into account the amount of intact material. To do this, the width of the room is divided by the working width of the floor board.

Based on the information received, you can easily find out how much it will cost you to build a house made of timber. However, it is necessary to take into account such Consumables, as roofing material, insulation and additional fasteners. Their number directly depends on the area, house design and other factors.

Conclusion

Building a house made of timber will be much easier than a brick one, and is accessible to every novice owner. After completing the construction calculation, you will receive an approximate amount of the project, which you should focus on when planning your budget.

An online calculator for timber for building a house and other structures will allow you to quickly calculate lumber taking into account the size of the structure. In accordance with the results obtained, calculations will be made for dowels, thermal insulation tape and the total cost of the material.

When developing an online calculator, a formula was used that takes into account the parameters of the timber and the dimensions of the building, including the dimensions of the pediment and their number. This allows you to more accurately calculate the material for building a structure of any complexity.

To perform the calculation, you must fill in the appropriate fields in the calculator form. First of all, data on the dimensions of the building is entered - length and width, as well as the height of the walls.

If the building has a complex shape, then in the “Length of additional walls” field you must enter the total length of all walls, excluding the building itself. For example, a standard residential building has rectangular shape, but in the future a non-residential veranda, a barn and a storage room will be attached to the house. To fill in the field, it is necessary to measure the total length of all walls of additional extensions.

Preliminary calculations allow you to decide on transport and delivery of material to the site

If during calculations it is necessary to take into account the material for the gables, then you will need to enter data on the quantity, as well as the width and height parameters. When measuring the latter, the maximum values ​​are taken.

Finally, data about the material is entered - its width and height. When filling out the corresponding fields, keep in mind that data on the parameters of the structure are entered in meters, and about the timber - in millimeters.

As a result, the online program will calculate the volume of building material needed, as well as its total weight, which will allow you to select the appropriate transport if you plan to deliver the material to the site yourself. Additionally, the calculation results indicate the number of crowns, the length of the rolled thermal insulation and the number of dowels required to fix the beam.

How to calculate without a calculator

In addition to special calculators and programs, the calculation of wooden beams for a house can be performed using simple mathematical formulas. Knowing them will help when performing preliminary calculation material on site when there is no Internet access.

Glued laminated timber is made from pre-prepared lamellas

As an example, we will write down the calculation of a beam measuring 150x150 mm for the construction of a house 6x8m with a wall height of 2.5 m. The logic of the calculation is as follows:

• building perimeter: (6+8)*2=28 m;
• area of ​​the walls of the building: 28 * 2.5 = 70 m2;
• required volume of material: 70 × 0.15 = 10.5 m3.

When performing manual calculations, it should be taken into account that 10% of the material is taken as a buffer. This is necessary in order to protect yourself from shortages of materials during the construction process. If the calculations take into account savings on window and door openings, then this material can be taken as a buffer part without a 10% surcharge.

What kind of timber is used to build a house?

For the construction of residential, non-residential and ancillary structures, two types of timber are used: profiled and glued. Profiled timber is a modern material, usually made from pine, spruce or larch wood. The timber canvas is made from solid logs without the use of chemicals or adhesives.

The outer part of the profiled beam can be either flat or semicircular. The upper and lower parts are made using the tongue-and-groove system, which ensures a more accurate fit of the canvas when assembling the building frame.

Glued laminated timber is a building material made from various breeds wood, the production of which occurs by gluing wooden lamellas. Mostly slats are made of spruce or pine, a little less often - from cedar pine or larch.

Profiled timber is made from solid logs

If we compare both types of timber, the profiled one has greater strength, due to which its cost increases. In addition, profiled timber is more demanding during installation and further processing.

Glued laminated timber has a constant strength coefficient, humidity in the region of 10–20% and a standardized appearance. In fact, laminated veneer lumber is more versatile, but when choosing, it is worth considering that the quality of the product depends entirely on the adhesive compositions used.

Depending on the size of the building, the following options are used for its construction:

• 100×100 mm – usually used for building small summer cottages, bathhouses and sheds;
• 150×150 mm – used for the construction of permanent one-story housing and insulated cottages;
• 200×200 mm – used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings and country cottages.

When calculating timber for a house using an online calculator, you can also find out total cost. To do this, just enter the price per cubic meter of the product. When making calculations, you should remember that the data obtained are approximate values ​​with which you can already contact the developer.

If you plan to purchase the material yourself, we also recommend that you carry out the calculation on paper using the formulas above.

This article is devoted to solving practical problems in calculating some parameters of the future cottage. How to calculate how much timber is needed for a house? How to calculate the load on the foundation? These questions inevitably arise during the construction process.

Let's try to find answers.

Volume and section

We will have to divide the task into several components:

• Calculation of the number of floor and ceiling.

It is worth clarifying: the floor of the first floor does not necessarily have to be laid on wooden beams.
A monolithic slab foundation is an expensive but worth considering solution for unstable soils.

• Calculation of the rafter system. Let’s say right away: its structure can vary greatly depending on the shape of the roof. We will look at one of the simplest options.
• Calculation of the amount of material for external walls.
• Estimation of the amount of timber for internal partitions. Note: most often they are frame structures; Partitions built from profiled timber inside the house are required only if the beams need additional support.

We will move forward in this order.

Beams

Typical thickness of the genitals and ceiling beams- 100x150 millimeters with a step between them of 0.8 - 1 meter. The beams cut into the crowns in a vertical position: in this case, their maximum rigidity is ensured in relation to the load directed along the gravity vector.

1. The quantity for each overlap is determined simple division the length of the house per step between the beams, subtracting one. So, for a house measuring 6x10 meters with a step between beams of 90 cm, you will need 10 / 0.9 - 1 = 10 beams.
2. With a beam length of 6 meters (which coincides with the standard beam length) you will need 6 x 10 = 60 linear meters.

However, lumber is usually sold in cubic meters. How to calculate the cubes of a beam, knowing its cross-section and length? It’s as easy as shelling pears: multiply them, after first converting all values ​​into meters. In our case, for a material with a cross-section of 100x150 mm, the volume with a length of 60 meters is 0.1 * 0.15 * 60 = 0.9 m3.

Rafters

Let's assume the roof slope is 45 degrees; rafter spacing - 60 centimeters; their material is timber with a cross-section of 50x150 millimeters.

Captain Obviousness suggests: the thicker the rafters, the smaller their cross-section can be under constant load.
By the way, about the load: with an increase in the roof slope, the maximum mass of snow that can accumulate on the roof decreases, but its windage increases.
Practical conclusion: in snowy regions it is better to make the roof with a large slope, in windy regions - with a smaller one.

The rafter system itself, in our case, is designed extremely simply: two rafter legs converge above the middle of the house and are fixed by a longitudinal girder - a beam of the same cross-section, connecting the vertices of the triangles along the longitudinal axis of the house.

In the photo - straight rafters gable roof, not connected by the run.

1. The run located along the axis of the house will obviously be ten meters long, like the structure itself.
2. With a roof slope of 45 degrees, calculating the length of the rafter legs comes down to calculating the length of the legs of an isosceles right triangle with a known hypotenuse (it is equal, recall, to the diameter of the house - 6 meters). The sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. Solving a simple equation, we get the length rafter leg at 4.24 meters. This means that each triangle will require 8.5 meters of timber.
3. The total number of triangles forming the roof ridge is 10 / 0.6 - 1 = 16 (rounded up to the nearest whole value). In total, the total length of the rafters will be 8.5 x 16 = 136 meters. By adding the run, we get 146 linear meters of 50x150 timber.
4. We already know how to calculate how much timber is in a cube. Let's convert the moldings into cubic meters: 146 x 0.05 x 0.15 = 1.095 m3.

In practice, it is better to multiply the calculated amount of timber by about 1.3 times. Why?

Because in previous calculations we deliberately neglected a number of factors.

• With a rafter leg length of 4.24 meters, we will have a lot of scraps left. Yes, they can be used; but when building up, sections of the rafters will overlap as the length decreases.
• To protect the walls from precipitation, the roof protrudes beyond their limits, forming overhangs. The actual length of the rafter leg will be slightly greater than the value we calculated.
• Even in an ideal case, some amount of material will end up as scraps.

Exterior walls

Let us clarify: to calculate external walls and load-bearing partitions made of timber, the same simple calculation method is used.
In a separate section we will consider only the manufacture of a frame partition.

Actually, the instructions in this case also come down to solving a number of simple geometric problems.

1. Having imagined the walls, pediments and partitions in the form of simple geometric figures, we calculate their area.

1. We calculate the area of ​​all openings and subtract it from the previously obtained value.
2. By multiplying the area of ​​the walls by their thickness, we obtain the total volume of timber required for this part of the construction.
3. We have already found out how to calculate how much timber is in a cube. If during procurement you need to convert cubic capacity into linear meters or into the number of products of a fixed length, you only need to multiply their number per cubic meter by the total volume of material.

Let's solve a small practical problem. How to calculate timber for a bathhouse measuring 6x4 meters with a wall height of 2500 millimeters?

Let's agree that:

1. We are building a bathhouse from timber with a cross-section of 200x200 millimeters.
2. The roof is a simple pitched one, with a minimal slope. This is very easy to build with your own hands without complex rafter calculations.
3. The bathhouse has one transverse internal partition made of solid timber of the same section. In this case, we do not need strength, but maximum thermal insulation of the steam room from the colder dressing room.
4. Size front door- 200x90, doors to the steam room - 180x80 cm, windows in the steam room - 40x30 cm, two windows in the dressing room - 80x120 cm each.

Let's start with the calculations.

• The total length of the walls and partition is 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 24 meters.
• Their total area excluding openings is 24 x 2.5 = 60 m2.
• Openings will reduce this area by (2 x 0.9) + (1.8 x 0.8) + (0.4 x 0.3) + 2 x (0.8 x 1.2) = 1.8 + 1 .44 + 0.12 + 1.92 = 5.28 m2. There will be 60 - 5.28 = 54.72 m2 left.
• With a wall thickness of 20 cm, the volume of the walls will be approximately 11 m3 (54.72 x 0.2). Taking into account the margin for trimming (in general, it is taken equal to 15 percent), we should purchase at least 12.5 cubic meters.
• There are 25 linear meters of timber of a given section in a cube (1 / (0.2*0.2)). With a length of one product of 6 meters, 12.5 cubes correspond to 12.5 x (25 / 6) = 52 pieces.

Frame partitions

It all depends on its design. A typical solution is a frame made of a bar with a cross-section of 50x50 millimeters in increments of 40 cm for plasterboard sheathing and 60 cm for plywood covering. Frame - vertical; from below and from above along the entire length of the partition there is a strapping - longitudinal beam the same section.

Useful: the price of drywall is noticeably lower; however, if the walls made of timber are covered on the inside only with varnish, it will look somewhat alien.
But varnished plywood will fit perfectly into the overall concept of a wooden house.

The lack of length of the bar in this case does not pose any problems: it is easily spliced simple connection half a tree.

Let's calculate the consumption of the bar for a solid interior partition 5 meters wide and 2.8 meters high.

Sheathing material - plywood; accordingly, the step between vertical elements the frame will be 0.6 meters.

• The upper and lower longitudinal bars will have a total length of 5 + 5 = 10 meters.
• The number of vertical bars 2.8 meters long is 5 / 0.6 - 1 = 8 (rounded up to the nearest whole number). Their total length is 2.8 x 8 = 22.4 meters; taking into account the longitudinal bars, we will need 22.4 + 10 = 32.4 linear meters.
• Let's not forget to make an adjustment to: 32.4 x 1.15 = 37.26 meters.

• In a cube with a cross section of 50x50 mm 1 / (0.05 x 0.05) = 400 linear meters.
• 37.26 linear meters will be 37.26 x 0.05 x 0.05 = 0.09315 m3.

Weight

We learned how to solve various problems regarding how to calculate a cube of timber. However, an equally important problem has escaped our attention - calculating the load on the foundation. Let us hasten to correct this misunderstanding.

Why is this necessary?

Of course, to calculate the .

Since relatively light houses made of timber are usually built on light foundations - screw, columnar and strip, during construction it is necessary to solve a couple of typical problems:

• Calculate the area of ​​the foundation with the known mass of the house and the bearing capacity of the soil.
• Calculate quantity screw piles with the known mass of the house and the load-bearing capacity of one pile.

Reference values

How to estimate the weight of a house? It's not easy to weigh it, isn't it?

The task will be simplified for us by an observation made long ago: if the design of the building is more or less balanced (that is, for example, reinforced concrete floors do not lie on walls made of sip panels), the maximum load on the foundation is approximately twice the total mass of the walls.

We learned how to calculate the volume of walls. It is clear that to calculate the mass we lack a mere trifle: reference values ​​for the density of wood of popular species.

In order not to bother the reader with searching for reference books, we present them.

Please note: the wood density is given at a moisture content of no more than 18%.
The so-called natural moisture timber can be much damper and, accordingly, have a much higher density.

All photos from the article

An online calculator for calculating the amount of timber per house can now be found on the website of any major building materials seller. But if for some reason the calculator is not available, how to calculate the amount of timber per house manually? Obviously, you will have to remember a half-forgotten school geometry course.

If several standard sizes of lumber are used during construction, the calculation of the amount of timber per house is carried out separately for each of them. Let's say, with timber 200*200 and internal partitions made of material with a cross section of 100*100, we separately calculate the volume for the permanent enclosing structures and for the partition.

Negligibly small quantities

As you can see, without using an online calculator, it is not difficult to calculate how much timber you need for your house.

However, it is worth understanding that with the above calculation scheme we deliberately neglect some of the subtleties of construction:

• The actual volume of each wall will be slightly less than the calculated volume due to the fact that the rectangular parallelepipeds that represent the walls partially intersect in space;
• In addition, we completely neglect window and doorways(except for floor-to-ceiling panoramic windows).

The reason we ignore these points is extremely simple: none of these factors affects the volume of purchases.

As a rule, when designing and building a log house with your own hands, the dimensions of the structure are deliberately made multiples of the length of the lumber that is supposed to be used.

Additional sections are used in construction extremely rarely, because they:

1. Reduce the mechanical strength of the log house and its ability to withstand deforming loads;
2. They deteriorate the thermal insulation of the building due to blown seams;

It is worth clarifying: insulation strongly depends on the method of cutting adjacent sections.
A horizontal connection in half a tree is indeed blown by all the winds, but if you turn it vertically, in terms of thermal insulation the connection will be no different from a solid crown.

1. They require unnecessary time spent on unnecessary connections.

reference Information

Lumber in large volumes is bought and sold by the cubic meter. The price is indicated by the seller exactly per unit of volume.

However, in some cases, the buyer needs to purchase a small amount of timber, measured in units. The most typical example is the purchase of materials for beams or floor joists: it is much easier to count the number of beams at a known pitch than their total volume.

In this case, he may find the following table useful, relevant for a measured length of 6 meters.

Examples of calculations

Problem 1

The instructions for performing calculations are already familiar to us; All that remains is to follow the above algorithm.

1. The perimeter of the house is 6*4=24 meters. Square outer wall- 24*2.7=64.8 m2;
2. The horizontal section of the beam in SI units corresponds to 0.15 m;
3. The volume of the walls is thus 64.8*0.15=9.72 m3.

Problem 2

Let’s complicate the task, still without using a calculator: how to calculate the number of cubes of timber for a house measuring 12*12*3.5 meters, if the external walls are built from lumber with a cross-section of 250*250, and the internal cross-shaped partition dividing the building into four equal sections room area - made of timber with a cross section of 100*100 mm?

It is not difficult to guess that in this case the area of ​​the external walls and the partition will be the same. Let's calculate this area: 12*4*3.5=168 m2.

Now we convert the thickness of the walls into SI values:

• 250 mm = 0.25 m;
• 100 mm = 0.1 m.

So, we will need 168*0.25=42 cubic meters of larger section material for the external walls and 168*0.1=16.8 m3 of 100*100 timber for the partition.

Advice: in practice, it is better not to increase them to improve their thermal insulation qualities, but to insulate the house from the outside with mineral wool slabs.
Thus the owner will receive better insulation at much lower costs.

Problem 3

• The height of its two floors is 6.5 meters;
• Dimensions - 6*12 meters;
• The thickness of the external walls is 200 mm (timber 200*200);
• The thickness of the partitions is 100 mm, the height is 3.1 meters, and their total length on both floors is 92 meters;
• The house has three floors on beams measuring 150*100 mm, laid in 1-meter increments.

Let's break down a relatively complex task into several stages.

1. We calculate the volume of lumber for the external walls of the log house. It is equal to (6+6+12+12)*6.5*0.2=46.8 m3;
2. We calculate the volume of material for the internal partition. 92*3.1*0.1=28.52 m3;
3. We count the number of beams. When laying transversely, each floor will require 13 pieces (the first and last beams are located directly next to the walls parallel to them); for all three floors you will need 13*3=39 pieces;