What are biennial plants? You will find examples in the vegetable garden and flower beds. Annual, biennial and perennial flowers

In almost any suburban area they grow various cultures. They differ not only appearance, characteristics of growth and care. All of them are divided into several groups: annual, biennial and perennial. The group of biennial plants includes mainly herbaceous crops, including flowers and vegetables.

Life cycle of biennials

Biennials are usually planted for food or as ornamentals. Features of the life cycle make it possible to determine Which plant is biennial?

Biennial grass and other herbaceous plants are capable of producing flowers or fruits only once in their life, in the second year of cultivation.

Flowering species

Most attention is paid to the group of flowering herbaceous plants. They are used in landscape design due to their decorative properties - the flowers of most garden biennials are very impressive both individually and in group plantings. These biennial plants include:

After which it goes into a dormant state for the winter months. Usually at this time the stem remains very short and the leaves drop to the ground, forming a rosette. Many biennial plants require exposure low temperatures(cold reactivation of diapause) so that they can flower. In the next season, the stem of the biennial plant greatly lengthens or flowers, fruits or seeds appear, after which the plant dies. Compared to annual and perennial plants, there are much fewer types of biennial plants.

In case of unfavorable climatic conditions a biennial plant can complete its full life cycle in a very short period of time - 3-4 months instead of two years. This often happens with vegetables or flower seedlings who have been exposed to cold temperatures. This behavior causes many biennial plants to be considered annuals in some regions. Early flowering can also be caused by plant hormones (phytohormones), but in agriculture this is rarely used.

In horticultural and vegetable gardening terms, a plant's status as an annual, biennial, or perennial may depend on the area or purpose of cultivation. If plants are grown for flowers, fruits or seeds, they require at least two years. If biennial plants are grown for their edible leaves or roots, their lifespan is limited to one year. The latter include beets, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, celery and parsley. If a normally biennial plant is to be grown in unfavorable climatic conditions, it will be considered an annual because it will most likely not survive cold winter. Vice versa, annual plant at extremely favorable conditions may have successful seed dispersal, making it biennial or perennial.

Some short-lived perennials may appear to be biennials; the main difference between true biennials is that they bloom only once in their life, while perennials bloom every year. However, there are perennial monocarpic plants that flower and bear fruit only last year life. This suggests that the difference between biennial and perennial plants is not so great.

Links

Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. 1985. Plant Physiology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Bactrian camel
Diptera mayflies

See what “Biennial plants” are in other dictionaries:

BIENNIAL PLANTS- live for two years; In the first year, vegetative organs develop and accumulate nutrition. substances in the second, in addition, form flowers and fruits, after which they die (monocarpic). To D. r. include plural herbaceous plants spreading bell... ...

biennial plants- dvimečiai augalai statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Augalai, kurių vegetacinis periodas prasideda rudenį ir baigiasi kitą vasarą (pvz., morkos, kopūstai, runkeliai, svogūnai pirmaisiais metais kaupia šaknyse, lapuose arba… … Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

biennial plants- plants that go through their life cycle in two years, e.g. cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), carrots (Daucus). In the first year, the main shoot develops in the form of a basal rosette; in the second year an elongated part of the shoot is formed, on... ... Anatomy and morphology of plants

BIENNIAL PLANTS- plants that go through a full life cycle from seed germination to the formation of new fruits and seeds in two years. In the first year, a basal rosette of leaves usually develops on a shortened stem, in the second year a generative shoot and seeds develop, after which... Dictionary of botanical terms

BIENNIAL PLANTS- biennials, plants that live for two seasons. period. In the 1st year they develop only vegetative organs; in the 2nd year, in addition to vegetative organs, flowers and fruits develop. After fruiting, everything dies off. To D. r. include cabbage, carrots, beets, turnips and... Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary

Biennial plants- see Plant longevity... Encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

BIENNIAL PLANTS- growth, development from seed germination to fruiting occurs during two growing seasons. D. r. in the first year of the growing season, only leaves form, which usually sit in bunches on a shortened stem or, like cabbage, are collected in... ... Agricultural dictionary-reference book

PLANTS- (Plantae, or Vegetabilia), the kingdom of living organisms; autotrophic organisms, which are characterized by the ability to photosynthesize and the presence of dense cell walls, usually consisting of cellulose; The reserve substance is usually starch. Biological encyclopedic dictionary

Biennial plants- Celery is an example of a biennial plant. biennial plant herbaceous plant, the full life cycle of which is from 12 to 24 months. In the first year, the plant grows leaves, stems and roots, after which it goes into a dormant state... ... Wikipedia

monocarpic plants- (from mono... and Greek karpós fruit), bloom once in a lifetime and die off after fruiting. All annual and biennial plants and some perennials, such as agave, bamboo. Wed. Polycarpic plants. * * * MONOCARPIC PLANTS MONOCARPIC... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Not a single botanical reference book is capable of containing the names of all garden flowers grown in amateur gardens. There are so many of them that every gardener can fully cover his needs by choosing the type that fits perfectly into his floral composition. For those who don't want to do annual planting, there are perennials. And those who are not afraid of such a prospect can grow annuals. There are also alternative option- biennial flowers.

Delicate forget-me-nots, proud handsome gladioli, lilies of the valley hiding under the shadow of the forest... From childhood we learn to distinguish and love them. It's nice to admire flowers, but it's no less fun to grow them.

Every year the number of amateur flower growers who want to plant flower beds on their own is growing. personal plot. Of the variety of flowering plants that can be grown in the garden, check out the photos and descriptions of the flowers that are especially popular.

Perennial flowers for the garden: photos, names and descriptions

Perennial flowers for the garden are distinguished by a wide variety of species. They bloom from early spring (tulips, daffodils, primroses, hyacinths) until late autumn(chrysanthemums, gaillardia and others). These plants bloom most profusely in summer: peonies, irises, phlox, delphiniums, lilies, lupine.

The names of such perennial flowers for the garden, like and, are known to everyone. Their distinctive feature is that in conditions with a harsh climate in the open ground they do not overwinter, but in warm regions they can easily climb next year without autumn digging.

Gladiolus. Tuber- bulbous plant height from 60 to 150 cm. Flowers of very bright beautiful colors (from white to dark red and dark purple) are collected in a spike on a straight peduncle. The shape, size and color of flowers vary depending on the variety. These perennial flowers for the garden are propagated by corms, which are planted in open ground at the end of April - beginning of May to a depth of 8-12 cm. Gladioli are demanding on soil fertility and care. Dig the bulbs in October after light frosts and dry them in a warm, dry place (room) for 3-4 weeks. Store the bulbs in gauze bags in a cool, dry place.

Dahlias. Tuberous heat-loving plant. The height of the bush is from 50 to 200 cm. The stem is hollow and easily broken, so it is tied to a stake. Blooms from late July until frost.

As you can see in the photo, the shape, size, doubleness and color of the inflorescences of these garden flowers vary depending on the variety:

The following varieties are distinguished by their decorative properties: Eternal Flame, Baltic, Winter Smile, Torch, Snowy Rus', Nocturne. Propagated by dividing the bush. The tubers are divided immediately before planting. Plants are planted in open ground after frost. Dahlias grow best in a sunny location. As they grow, they are pinched (the axillary shoots in the 2-3 lower nodes are removed), which promotes early abundant flowering. After the first light frost, the stems are cut at a height of 15 cm and the tubers are dug up. Dry for 2-3 weeks, store at a temperature of 4-6 ° C.

There are also perennial flowers for the garden that can easily overwinter in open ground. Among them, one of the main places belongs to bulbous plants (tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, lilies), as well as peonies and phlox.

Tulips. Tulips vary in color, flower shape, and plant height (from 6 to 60 cm). They bloom in May - June. If you don't know what flowers to plant in your garden, choose any of the group of early-blooming tulips.

The most beautiful varieties:

London (red)

Purissima (white, ivory)

Parade (scarlet or yellow)

Look how beautiful perennial flowers are for the garden in these photos:

The period of development of tulips from the appearance of shoots to their death is short - about 3 months. Therefore, they especially need nutritious, well-fertilized, light soils (on clay soils bring in sand). Tulips reproduce by daughter bulbs that form during the growing season. The bulbs are dug up in June, when the third part of the leaf has dried. Dry for 7 days. They are stored for the first 20 days at +20...+ 25° C, then at + 12...+ 15° C. The bulbs are planted (in our zone of the Middle Volga region) in mid-September to a depth of 10-12 cm at a distance of 5 to 15 cm each from each other depending on the analysis. Young bulbs (baby) are planted to a depth of 5 - 7 cm. After planting, the tulips are covered with peat, which contributes to less evaporation of moisture in the spring. So that these beautiful flowers developed better for the garden, they need to be dug up annually. Tulips are exposed viral disease: variegation. During flowering, plants with variegated flowers are dug up and destroyed (burned).

Daffodils. Early flowering plants with beautiful fragrant flowers, white, yellow and orange colors various shades. They bloom from May to June. When describing these flowers for the garden, it is especially worth noting the varieties from the tubular group:

Victoria bicolor (yellow-cream) from the tubular group

Bernardino (white with a light yellow funnel) from the large-tubular group

Holland's Glory (petals are light yellow, outgrowths of the lobes are yellow) from the terry group

Geranium (white petals, bright orange funnel, 2-5 flowers in inflorescence)

Daffodils reproduce by bulbs, which bloom 2-3 years after planting. They grow well on humus-rich, lightweight soils. The bulbs are planted in early August - the first half of September at a distance of 10-15 cm between the bulbs and 20 cm between the rows to a depth of 10-12 cm. Daffodils do not require special care. Faded uncut flowers are removed in the ovary state, as they deplete the plants. Daffodils are dug up after 2-3 years in June, when 2/3 of the leaves dry out.

Hyacinths. Early flowering plant, the flowers are bell-shaped with a six-part corolla, succulent, collected in a straight cylindrical spike on a succulent arrow, up to 20-35 cm high. The flowers have a strong aroma, are distinguished by a variety of delicate and bright colors: white, pink, yellow, blue, indigo and violet. There are forms with simple and double flowers. It blooms early - from the beginning or half of May.

Hyacinths are propagated using bulbs. The bulbs are planted in September at a distance of 20 cm, with the bottom deepened by 10-12 cm.

Look at the photos of flowers for the garden, the names of which are given above:

What other perennial flowers can be grown in the garden (with video)

Lily- perennial bulbous plant. The height of the stems is from 5 cm (in the alpine form of the Daurian lily) to 3 m (in the giant lily). The flowers are varied in shape: tubular, turban-shaped, funnel-shaped. The color of the flowers is white, pink, red, yellow, orange in pure colors and with specks. Lilies are propagated by seeds, bulbs, and bulb scales.

There are 18 species of lilies that grow in nature. In our zone you can successfully grow white, regale (royal), tiger (Thunberg), etc. The scaly bulbs range in size from 2 to 20 cm, depending on the type. The roots extending from the bulb are perennial. Therefore, when transplanting, bulbs are carefully dug up and stored without drying out. Some species (regale) produce annual roots on stems above the bulb. Such lilies need deeper planting.

To successfully cultivate lilies, they must be planted in open, sunny, wind-protected areas. Best time planting August - September. Planting depth depends on the size of the bulbs and the presence of supra-bulb roots. Types of lilies with stem roots are planted at a depth of 15-20 cm, without stem roots 7-8 cm, counting from the bottom to the soil surface. The planting distance is 20-40 cm. Lilies are replanted after 4-5 years, preserving the subbulb roots.

Peonies. Peony is one of the most decorative and at the same time unpretentious perennials. The plant is winter-hardy and can grow in one place for more than 15 years. The flowers are very large, double, semi-double, simple, single or arranged in groups of 2 - 3 flowers at the ends of the stems. Depending on the variety, they differ in a variety of colors: white, pink, red and less often yellow, in pure and transitional tones. The varieties that are most decorative are:

Festiva Maxima

Francois Ortega

Memory of Gagarin

Anniversary

They bloom from late May to July. Peonies prefer a sunny place with loamy cultivated soils. Peonies are propagated by dividing the bush. A separate part (division) should have at least 3-4 buds and part of the rhizome. The best planting time is late August - early September. Peonies are planted in large holes (50 cm deep, 70 cm wide), well filled with fertilizers: 20-25 kg of humus, 300 g of superphosphate and 75 g of potassium fertilizers.

Peonies do not tolerate deep planting. Buried bushes do not bloom. Peonies are planted so that the upper buds are at soil level. In the spring, after the soil settles, the buds will be at the required depth.

The video “Flowers for the Garden” shows best views plants that will decorate any area:

Phloxes. A rhizomatous plant with straight or creeping branched stems. The height of the bush in low forms is 10-20 cm, in tall forms - from 40 to 150 cm. Based on these characteristics, phloxes are divided into two main groups: low-stemmed, or creeping, with spring flowering periods and high-stemmed with late summer and autumn terms flowering. They attract with the brightness of the flowers and the duration of flowering, unpretentiousness to the conditions. The flowers are mostly solitary - in spring phloxes and collected in racemose, paniculate or corymbose inflorescences in phloxes of the second group.

The color of the flowers is varied: from pure white to fiery red and dark purple in pure tones or with delicate shades. The best varieties phloxes are from the early ones:

Aida (red-purple)

In memory of Chkalov (purple)

Snow White (white)

Scarlet Sails (red-crimson)

Kirmeslander (white)

Amaranthrise (dense purple-lilac)

Phlox reproduce by dividing bushes (in spring and autumn). Individual bushes should have 2-3 shoots and good roots. Prefers a well-lit place and does not tolerate excess moisture.

Below you will find out what beautiful biennial flowers you can plant in the garden.

What biennial flowers to plant in the garden: photo and description

Biennials are plants grown for two years. They bloom in the second year after sowing the seeds. Biennials also include some perennials, which produce the greatest flowering effect in the second year of life.

The most common biennial is viola. The second name of this two-year-old flower for the garden is pansies. Also popular are daisies, forget-me-nots, fragrant violets, Turkish cloves and many other flowering plants.

Growing biennials is not particularly difficult.

As shown in the photo, most often biennial flowers for the garden are propagated by seeds:

Planting material is sown at the end of May in cold greenhouses or open ground. The seedlings are then picked, and with sparse sowing, seedlings can be grown without picking. Landing on permanent place carried out at the end of August - beginning of September.

Many two-year-olds, such as forget-me-nots, daisies, and daisies, are easily propagated vegetatively (by dividing the bush). The bushes are divided in August - early September, so that the plants have time to take root well before frost.

Look at the photos of two-year-old flowers for the garden, the names of which are given above:

The next section of the article is devoted to what annual flowers can be planted in the garden.

What beautiful annual flowers can be planted in the garden?

The groups of annual flowers for the garden include flower crops that go through all stages of development within one season. This is the largest group of plants. The most common among them is calendula. This two-year-old garden flower is popularly known as marigold. Also very popular are asters, cosmos, marigolds, cornflowers, zinnia, alyssum, snapdragon, poppy, nasturtium, annual dahlias, petunia, salvia, fragrant tobacco, etc. Summer plants are propagated by seeds.

Summer trees are grown in two ways - by sowing seeds directly into the ground.

Pay attention to the photo - annual flowers for the garden can be cultivated with preliminary cultivation of seedlings:

The best sowing time for most summer crops is early spring (at the end of April) or before winter - at the beginning of October. Alyssum, aster, cosmos, petunia, marigolds, cornflowers, poppy develop and bloom well when sown in the ground.

More heat-loving crops of beautiful annual flowers for the garden (nasturtium, marigolds, zinnia, impatiens) are sown only in the spring in the first half of May. Large seeds (nasturtium, sweet pea) are buried to a depth of 3 cm, medium ones - 1 cm, and small ones (tobacco, petunia, poppy) - not buried at all, just pressed to the soil.

The seedling growing method is used for more heat-loving annuals (annual dahlias, gillyflowers, sweet tobacco, snapdragons). Seeds are sown in early March in seed boxes, which are installed in greenhouses or film greenhouses. Seeds are placed on top thin layer sand or finely sifted earth. Very small seeds are not sealed, but the boxes are covered with glass.

Flowering bushes for the garden: photos, names and descriptions of the best flowers

When talking about what flowers to plant in the garden, we must not forget about shrubs. To one of best flowers for the garden, of course, apply.

Rose- the leading plant among beautifully flowering bushes for the garden. According to the nature of growth and flowering, roses are divided into 3 groups: park, repeatedly and continuously flowering and climbing.

The second group includes the remontant, hybrid tea, and polyanthus classes.

Repair roses. The flowers are large, round-cup-shaped, double, most with a strong pink aroma. There are 3-5 pieces per shoot. The bushes are vigorous, up to 1.5 m. They bloom twice: the second flowering is less abundant (autumn). They require winter protection from frosts below 10-12°.

Hybrid tea roses. Bred by crossing remontant roses with tea roses. The flowers are varied in color (red, white, pink, yellow with countless transitions), of different sizes - from large to very large, double, varied in aroma, 1 - 3-5 pieces per shoot. The bushes are on average 50-70 cm tall. Flowering is abundant both in spring and autumn and lasts longer than that of remontant roses. They require winter protection from frosts below -7…-8° C.

Polyantha, or multi-flowered roses. The flowers are small (2 - 3 cm in diameter), red, pink, white, less often yellow, mostly double, fragrant and odorless, collected in large inflorescences. They bloom very profusely and almost continuously until frost (Excelsia is pink).

Climbing or climbing roses. They have long (2 - 5 m) shoots creeping along the ground. The flowers are small. The colors of the flowers are different. They bloom profusely and for a long time, but once in early summer. Among them, semi-climbing roses are of interest. Quite winter-hardy, they overwinter without shelter.

Park roses. These are wild rose hips and their hybrid forms. They are frost-resistant and do not require shelter. Roses are propagated by budding in July - August on two-year-old rosehip seedlings (grafted culture) and by cuttings (own root culture) in June - July.

Roses develop best in sunny areas and loamy nutrient soils. They are planted in late April - early May, climbing at a distance of 1 -1.5 m, remontant 60-70 cm, hybrid tea 40-50 cm, polyanthus 20-30 cm. Before planting, the shoots are cut short into 3-5 buds. In subsequent years, when growing roses, it is essential. It promotes good development of the bush and abundant flowering. In the spring, immediately after removing the cover, sanitary pruning is carried out: all weak, dried, frozen and thickening shoots are cut out, then the branches are shortened. Thinning and removal of weak and dry branches is carried out in all types of roses, but shortening is not done in all. Climbing and park roses do not shorten, as they bloom on last year's wood.

Remontant roses are pruned (shortened) by 8-12 buds, counting from the base of the shoot (light pruning), hybrid tea roses - by 3-5 buds. During the summer, roses are systematically fed.

An important technique when growing roses is to cover them for the winter. Most types of roses, with the exception of climbing and park roses, require shelter. It is carried out at the end of October upon the onset of slight but stable frosts (-3... - 5° C). Before sheltering, remove broken and diseased branches, flowers, immature shoots and spud up the bushes. Covering is done with sawdust, leaves, and peat. Good results gives shelter to roses thick paper, which is placed on a special wire frame made to the size of the bush.

Here you can see photos of beautiful flowering bushes for the garden:

Jasmine (). An unpretentious shrub, 1-3 m high. It blooms in June-July with white double flowers with a strong scent. Propagated by layering and green cuttings.

Buldenezh. The terry form of the common viburnum is very decorative. Enough unpretentious shrub with beautiful white spherical inflorescences. Propagated by green cuttings.

Lilac. Terry forms of sireya are very decorative:

Biennials include plants whose development cycle takes place over 2 years. Typical biennials are distinguished by the fact that they usually do not bloom in the year of sowing, form a rosette of leaves, leaf mass, form a plant, flowering occurs only the next year. Such biennials include bluebell, forget-me-not, night violet (hesperis, alpine poppy, mullein, lunaria). Some perennial plants are cultivated as biennials: carnations, daisy, foxglove, Vitrocca violet (pansy), stockrose (mallow), evening primrose. These plants do not die after 2 years, but can continue to develop in subsequent years, however

Characteristics of some annuals

Name	Height, cm	Number of plants per 1 m2	Flowering time	Flower coloring
Ageratum				White, blue, lilac
				White, purple
				White, blue, blue, purple, pink, red, yellow
Tall marigolds				Orange, yellow
Marigolds are low				Orange, yellow
				White, pink, red
				White, blue, pink, red, purple
Carnation Shabo
Heliotrope				Purple
				White, lilac, purple
Calendula				Orange, yellow, red
				White, pink, purple
				White, pink, red
				White, blue, purple, pink, yellow
				White, blue, blue
				White, pink, red, purple
Mattiola				Lilac
Nasturtium				Orange, red, yellow
				White, blue, purple, pink, red
				White, yellow


Scabious				White, blue, red
Sweet tobacco				White, pink, red
Phlox Drummond				White, blue, pink, purple
Chrysanthemum				White, yellow, red
				White, pink, red, orange, yellow
Eschszolzia				Yellow, red

become smaller and degenerate. Therefore, such perennials are grown according to a two-year scheme, since in the second year they develop most actively, bloom profusely and have good decorative look.

Biennials are grown according to the following scheme: sowing in early to mid-summer, one picking of seedlings, planting in place at the end of summer, flowering in spring or early summer of the following year. In landscaping and garden culture biennials are widespread, blooming in spring or early summer. For example, violet, forget-me-not, and daisy are indispensable plants for spring flower decoration; they can easily be transplanted in a blooming state.

Carnation, bellflower, hesperis (double form) provide excellent cutting material, stable in water and easy to transport.

For the most part, biennials are cold-resistant and undemanding plants, forming full-fledged germinating seeds. Biennials such as forget-me-not, poppy, bluebell, bearded carnation, mullein are easily seeded; from self-seeding you can get good strong seedlings.

Mass sowing of biennials in open ground is carried out in the third ten days of May or the first or second ten days of June: grenadine carnation, Turkish carnation, medium bluebell, purple foxglove, pink hollyhock (mallow). The site for them must be prepared in the fall. In spring, heavy soils are dug to a depth of 18-20 cm, light soils are simply loosened. Biennials are sown immediately in place, and then thinned out or on a seed bed, followed by picking in the development phase of the first true leaf and planting in the ground in place in August - early September. Seeds are sown in moist soil; if it is dry, it must be watered. The seeds are sprinkled with a thin layer of dry soil (no more than 0.5 cm) and compacted. 2-3 g of Vitrocca violet seeds, 1.5-2 g of hesperis, daisies and forget-me-nots are sown per 1 m2. In sunny weather, the crops are shaded using covering material, which is pressed to the ground with stones in the corners. Seeds germinate in 7-14 days. When seedlings appear, the material is not removed, but its tension is only slightly loosened, giving space to the growing seedlings. In the heat of summer, biennial seedlings can dry out quickly, so they need to be watered daily in the morning, and sometimes in the evening, lifting the covering material.

Along with seed propagation, for almost all biennials we can recommend the still insufficiently widespread method of propagation by green cuttings in open ground. In addition, a number of biennials (daisies, forget-me-nots, violets, foxgloves, etc.) can be propagated by dividing the bushes. The use of vegetative propagation (cuttings, division) is of particular value: with this method of propagation, the decorative qualities mother plant, which is especially important in the case when one strives to obtain specimens with obviously monochromatic or densely double flowers. With seed propagation, this is not always possible to achieve.

Timing for sowing some biennials in open ground

PlantSowing time

(month/decade)

Pansies May III, June II

Bell medium May, June

Alpine poppy May, September

Mallow (stockrose) May I

Daisy June II

Foxglove purple May, September

Forget-me-not May, June

Turkish carnation May, September

Evening primrose May III, June

The great advantage of biennial culture is that when propagating them both by seed and vegetative methods, greenhouses and hotbeds are not required. Thanks to this

Characteristics of some biennials

Name	Height, cm	Number of plants per 1 m2	Flowering time	Flower coloring
Pansies				Blue, white, blue, purple, red, yellow
Turkish cloves				White, pink, red
Bell				White, blue, lilac, pink
Mallow (stockrose)				White, pink, red, yellow
Daisy				White, pink, red
Digitalis				White, lilac, pink, red
Forget-me-not				White, blue, pink

propagation and cultivation of biennials is very accessible in various climatic conditions. In addition, this greatly reduces the cost of obtaining seedlings of almost all types of biennial ornamental plants.

Biennial plants form a rosette of leaves in the first year of life, overwinter, and in the second year they bloom, set seeds and die.

Few plants belong to this group, and it is a heterogeneous group. Among them there are typical biennials that complete their development cycle in 2 years (bellflower, lunaria, mallow), and perennials grown as biennials (daisy, forget-me-not, pansy, Turkish carnation). After the second year they do not die, but lose their decorative properties and are partially thinned out. In the third year, many of them grow poorly, form small flowers, and often die during wintering.

According to the time of flowering, biennials are divided into spring (forget-me-not, daisy, pansy) and summer (foxglove, night violet, Turkish carnation, bellflower, lunaria, hollyhock). Biennials are especially valued in floriculture. spring bloom- they bloom when the assortment of flowering plants is poor - the bulbous plants have faded, and the annual plants are far away.

Pansy, or Vitrocca violet

This name unites many varieties and variety groups of complex hybrid origin, obtained as a result of repeated crossing different types. Plant height is 15–30 cm. The flowers are single, five-petaled, of various colors: plain, with an eye, two or three colors. Modern hybrids have large flowers (up to 6–8 cm in diameter) and even, pure colors. Violet blooms from May to August. The timing depends on the time of sowing the seeds.

For early spring flowering, seeds are sown on ridges in the second half of June in such a way that the plants develop well before autumn, but do not have time to bloom. Shoots appear on days 8–14, then the seedlings migrate to a permanent location. Seeds of new large-flowered hybrids can be sown at home in January-February, and planted in the ground in May, and in June the violets will already bloom. Main feature The advantage of violets is that you can plant already flowering seedlings in the ground, and they take root well. The plant prefers sunny areas, can bloom in partial shade, but loses its brightness of color; it loves nutritious, loamy soils. Cold-resistant and moisture-loving plant. For curvy and long flowering Regular fertilizing and watering are required. An ideal plant for flowerbeds, flower beds, garden flowerpots and balconies, and if you plant seedlings in bloom, you can create a pattern on a flowerbed or lawn from plants of different colors.

, or Turkish

A perennial plant, but used as a biennial. Seeds are sown in early July, seedlings appear in 10–12 days, and after a few days they are harvested. At the beginning of August, small dense bushes develop, at which time the plants should be planted in a permanent place. Bearded carnation overwinters better if the plants have developed well after transplantation. The following year in the spring, straight, knotty stems 40–50 cm high appear, ending in a dense corymbose inflorescence consisting of many five-petaled flowers. Flowers of bright pure color: white, pink, copper-red, burgundy or two-tone - with an eye or border. Blooms in June.

Currently, many forms and varieties are known, there are simple and terry varieties. When propagated by seed, the doubleness of the flower is not completely transmitted; usually, only half of the double varieties are obtained from sowing double varieties. To reproduce terry varieties, you need to use green cuttings, which are taken in June from two-year-old plants and rooted in shaded beds with constant moisture.

Turkish carnation is winter-hardy, grows well on loamy or sandy loam soils, in sunny places, but can also withstand partial shade. Blooms for 15–20 days. Propagates well by self-sowing. Cut cloves stand in water for a long time.

, hesperis, or night violet

The plant got its name from the Greek word “hesperos”, which means evening. The flowers are fragrant and emit a particularly strong aroma in the evening and at night. Hesperis is a perennial grown as a biennial because in the third year the plants bloom poorly and many die. In the first year, a dense rosette of leaves is formed, in the second year the stem grows up to 80 cm, branched in the upper part, with numerous flowers in cylindrical racemes. The leaves are elongated, fleecy. The flowers are simple and double, purple, lilac, white. Seeds are sown in June - early July, seedlings are planted, and in September they are planted in a permanent place. Plants bloom in June. Biennial plants produce many high-quality seeds that ripen well and self-sow. If it is not limited, then hesperis can take over the entire flower garden. The plant is unpretentious, frost-resistant, loves moist, loose, nutritious soil containing lime, and can withstand partial shade.

This species is a typical biennial. Gives a good cut, lasts a long time in water. The stem is erect, well branched, forms a pyramidal bush, covered with stiff hairs, the leaves in the rosette are oval-lanceolate, the upper ones on the stem are narrow-lanceolate, stem-enclosing. The plant is vigorous, reaches a height of 70–90 cm. The flowers are blue, light blue, pink, white, purple, large, collected in loose clusters. Blooms in June–July. Seeds are sown in June - early July, by autumn a rosette of leaves is formed, the seedlings dive and are planted in a permanent place in August. Plants bloom in the 2nd year, bloom profusely, form seeds and die. Very rarely, plants produce shoots from the root collar, which overwinter and bloom in the 3rd year, but rather weakly. The bell loves sunny places, protected from the wind, the soil is nutritious, permeable, well-drained; in damp areas in winter the plant will wither away.

Lunaria, or reviving lunar

The stem is straight, slightly branched, 1 m high, covered with small hairs. Upper leaves oval, regular. The lower ones, making up the rosette, are petiolate, opposite, heart-shaped, toothed. The flowers are large, violet-red, collected in a simple panicle. Lunaria has very original fruits, which are round, filmy pods. The partitions in them are transparent, with a pearlescent tint. After the pod valves fall off, the septum is preserved. The dried stems with pods are dried and used for arranging dry bouquets. Lunaria seeds are sown in June and early July.

Seedlings require careful care, timely thinning, watering and regular loosening. The soil should be light, nutritious, and the place should be sunny. In August, the seedlings are planted in a permanent place, and the plants bloom in June the following year. For the winter, light shelter is needed.

Holostem poppy, or Siberian poppy

This perennial, but in garden culture it is grown as a biennial. The leaves of the poppy are pinnately dissected and form a basal rosette. Peduncles up to 50 cm in height. The flower is 5 to 8 cm in diameter, one per stem, but there are many stems. The flowers are cheerful - yellow, white, orange, pink. Poppy blooms almost all summer. Easily propagated by self-sowing. If you sow seeds in the ground in April-May, you can get flowering plants as early as August. When sown in late summer, the plants bloom in May of the following year. Cannot tolerate transplantation. For long flowering The seed pods should be torn off. Grows well in moist soils, but the place must be sunny. Responds well to fertilizing.

Mallow or pink hollyhock

In the first year, the plant forms a powerful rosette of large round-toothed leaves. In the summer of the second year, a vigorous peduncle appears, which ends in a spike-shaped inflorescence of large, simple, semi-double or double sessile flowers of pink, purple, cherry red, yellow, white flowers. Mallow propagates by seeds (self-seeding is possible), the seeds are sown in May or June, the seedlings dive to a permanent place when the first true leaf appears. Plants bloom in the 2nd year, in July–August, bloom for about 30 days. The flowers are 8–10 cm in size, sometimes there are up to 90 flowers on one peduncle. To receive lush flowering Mallow should be provided with well-fertilized loamy or sandy loam soils; fertilizing with humus or compost is required. In dry weather, frequent and abundant watering is necessary. For support, tall bushes should be tied to stakes.

The plant is perennial and is grown in cultivation as a biennial. The most abundant flowering happens in the 2nd year. In the third year, the inflorescences become smaller and a significant part of the plants die. Daisy - early flowering, unpretentious plant. In the first year it develops a compact rosette of graceful leaves on petioles. In the second year, flower stalks 15–20 cm high grow. The inflorescences are simple and double, white, pink, red. The diameter of the inflorescences in small-flowered varieties is 2–3 cm, in large-flowered ones – 4–4.5 cm. The seeds are sown in late June–early July, then planted and planted in a permanent place in August. The daisy blooms early, in early May, and blooms for a long time. With the onset of hot and dry weather, the inflorescences become smaller and flowering dies out, but by autumn, during cool and humid weather, flowering begins again and can last until frost.

Small-flowered varieties are more winter-hardy than large-flowered varieties. On damp soils, the daisy may freeze or be subject to damping off, so choose well-drained areas. It should be borne in mind that daisies retain leaves and buds in winter, so on light sandy soils, daisies, especially double varieties, require light shelter. To obtain flowering daisies in the first year, the seeds are sown in March, planted in open ground in June, and they bloom in July-August. When propagating from seeds, splitting occurs, some of the plants are not double, so to maintain doubleness, you need to take cuttings or divide the bushes. Flowering bushes in July are divided into 4–6 parts (the bush itself easily disintegrates), they all quickly take root and continue to bloom, but plants grown from seeds are more winter-hardy. With regular watering, daisies bloom profusely in the shade and sun. Lack of moisture weakens flowering, the inflorescences become smaller and lose their fullness. Plants need to be fed mineral fertilizers, as well as remove faded inflorescences, this ensures long and abundant flowering.

A little piece of blue sky! At the moment of mass flowering, the bush looks like a blue ball. The plant is 25–30 cm high, the leaves are light green, oblong-lanceolate, the inflorescence is a curl with an abundance of small sky-blue flowers. But there are species with white and pink flowers. Seeds are sown in late June–early July in the ground, planted and left until spring. In spring they are planted in flower beds. Tolerates transplantation well in a blooming state. Blooms from mid-May for 3–4 weeks. Forget-me-not reproduces well by self-sowing, I have never sowed it on purpose, and on our site it grows in the most different places. Forget-me-nots require fertile, moist soil and a slightly shaded area. If there is a lack of moisture, it blooms poorly and produces seeds earlier.

Foxglove purpurea

The shape of the flower resembles a thimble, hence the origin Russian name plants. Leaves, stems and roots are poisonous! Therefore, it should not be grown in areas where there are small children. Foxglove is a perennial plant grown as a biennial. In the first year, basal light green, large, oblong-oval, hairy leaves are formed from the seeds. The surface of the leaf is slightly wrinkled. In the second year, straight, unbranched, rigid stems appear, 1–1.5 m high, bearing large pendulous flowers in the upper part, collected in a one-sided spike. The flowers are irregularly bell-shaped - white, pink, red, purple, yellow with dark dots. The seeds are very small, they are sown in the ground in June-July and sprinkled with sand on top, the seedlings are planted and planted in a permanent place in August. It blooms the next year in July and blooms until September. Soils for planting need to be loose, fertile, and permeable. In sunny places, foxglove blooms better, although it tolerates partial shade. By regularly cutting off the flowering stems, new flower shoots are formed.