How to use a well in your dacha. Individual well on a garden plot: advice from “experienced” beginners. Video about manual well drilling

A well in a country house is an extremely useful structure that solves water supply problems. Its drilling can be entrusted to professionals, especially if the water is planned to be used not only for household needs. However, you can install the well yourself. This will require: knowledge, a set of materials and tools, including special drills.

Video about manual well drilling

Selecting a site and necessary tools for drilling

Drilling wells in a country house requires performing a certain series of actions. The first step is to carry out geological exploration, select suitable place. It is optimal if the first aquifer is located at a depth of 7 - 10 meters. It is advisable to carry out independent drilling if its depth does not exceed 20 meters.

Any summer cottage is unthinkable without water

The main signs by which you can determine the proximity of the location groundwater:

the presence of a large number of moisture-loving plants in the area allocated for the well;
natural signs (evening fog, heavy dew, thawed patches on the snow cover in the winter months);
insects (clusters of mosquitoes, midges) and animals. Experts say cats love to lie in places with potential proximity to groundwater.

The construction of a well in a dacha can be entrusted to professionals, but very often craftsmen resort to manual self-drilling, which is performed using special tool. To do this, the soil is hollowed out by rotating the drill. Such a tool is made from high-quality steel and hardened using high temperatures.

Manual process self-drilling performed using special tools made from high-quality steel

There are several types of drilling tools:

A drill spoon, which is used for light clayey, sandy soils.
A drill spoon with a coil at the end.
Coil - this drill is necessary when there is a certain amount of gravel in clay and loamy soil.
Chisels are used in percussion drilling.
A bailer is necessary to extract rock drilled by impact, work in loose soils.

Various types of drills are used for different types soils: light clay and sandy, complex, containing gravel

The process of drilling a well with your own hands

To drill a well in a country house, you need to install a pile driver - a tripod assembled from thick logs, and also attach to the ground a wide board with a hole for the casing, which is needed to eliminate the possibility of loose soil collapsing during the drilling process. The diameter of this element should allow the drilling tool to move freely. As the casing goes deeper into the ground, it is lowered; for this purpose, it is loaded with ballast and periodically lengthened using threaded connections.

The drill, secured with a rope thrown over the top of the tripod, is directed strictly vertically into the casing and lowered down. Every 0.5 - 0.7 m, the tool must be taken out and cleared of rock. For dense and rocky soils, it is better to use chisels and percussion work.

After the drill reaches soils saturated with water, you should make a note on the pipe, remove the tool and install a filter in its place. The joint is sealed with tow and impregnated with red lead. The next step is to settle the pipe into the ground. You should stop when the water level rises 30–40 cm above the filter. The process is completed by installing a pump, which can be manual or electric. To be on the safe side in case of a power outage, it is good to have a standard piston version.

Do-it-yourself well drilling rig

Selecting drilling depth and drinking water compliance standards

When deciding how to make a well in a country house, you need to decide on the depth to which the work should be carried out. For technical needs, irrigation is sufficient to reach the first aquifer, since high demands are not placed on water quality. The presence of nitrates, nitrites, organics and other impurities is acceptable. This composition can partly be considered an advantage, since it introduces certain fertilizers into the soil. In this case, drinking water is delivered separately.

If a self-installed well in a dacha is used not only for technical needs, then it will most likely have to be drilled deeper. You can determine the quality of water by submitting a sample for expert assessment to the sanitary and epidemiological service. To be recognized as suitable for use, it must meet certain standards:

transparency of at least 30 cm;
the presence of nitrates no more than 10 mg/l;
the presence of E. coli in an amount of less than 10 units per 1 liter of water;
the assessment of taste and smell should not exceed 3 points.

When installing a well for production purposes drinking water It is important to avoid mistakes that are possible at any stage of drilling. If this task is entrusted to specialists, then they carry out everything necessary work on geological surveys, selection of a suitable location, direct drilling.

Equipping a water supply system in a dacha from a well is not that difficult. It includes several basic elements: a water intake system, a pipeline through the yard and, if necessary, a water supply system inside the house.

Filters and types of water pipes for wells

An important step is to install filters strictly at the level of the aquifer. Their purpose is to prevent the collapse of the well walls and the passage of water into the pipe. There are a number of requirements for this element:

presence of mechanical strength;
securing the fence required quantity water;
presence of maximum filtration area;
passing a minimum amount of sand and small fractions of rock.

To increase service life and improve filtration, sprinkle with gravel. The filter design includes: a filter part, a pipe and a settling tank. There are several varieties of it:

a filter consisting of a wire winding;
mesh filter;
gravel filter.

A do-it-yourself well in the country is made using various types pipes For technical purposes, you can install cheap thin-walled metal, socketed PVC or threaded uPVC pipes. Products made from polyvinyl chloride may begin to partially release chlorine compounds over time. Better quality water pipes made of polyethylene, which is not subject to corrosion and does not wear out under the surface of the earth. Some technological reasons prevent their use, then steel analogues with an enamel coating are used.

Various well cleaning methods

The question of how to clean a well in a country house arises as a result of irregular, seasonal use of it for several years. The reason, as a rule, lies in silting of the filter or caking of sand in the pipe during the winter months. This problem is much easier to solve by specialists.

There are several popular well revitalization methods:

flushing by supplying water through a pipe lowered into the well under high pressure. Through the interpipe space, dirt is carried upward and splashes out. The disadvantages of the method are: uncontrolled release of contaminated water and a limited supply of clean liquid;

Flushing - dirt rises up through the interpipe space and splashes out

Blowing is carried out in the same way as washing, with one difference - instead of water, air is supplied. Both methods can damage the well filter due to the use high pressure;
pumping out using a pump capable of handling contaminated water. This method Quite neat and simple. The pumped-out cargo water can be drained into containers, while maintaining cleanliness near the well;
pouring a solution of food acids can revive even a well that has not been working for a long time. To do this, the infused composition is left in the pipe for a certain time and then pumped out. If necessary, repeat the procedure.

In addition to the above, there are a number of cleaning methods, the effectiveness of which is quite high, but there is also the possibility of damage to the pipe or filter. This is, for example, a small explosion in a well. It is worth noting that regular and frequent use can protect against the problem of silting.

Installing a well in a dacha solves many problems related to the use of water for irrigation, showering and other household needs. It is convenient to entrust all the work to professionals, but this approach can cost a pretty penny. If the aquifer is shallow, it is worth drilling a well yourself, using simple devices and special tools.

A well-maintained well in a dacha is an almost obligatory condition for a comfortable stay, since centralized water supply outside the city is not always organized. However, drilling work is expensive, and the expected result is not guaranteed to site owners. The desire to save money and manage the process prompts many summer residents to start drilling a well on their own. It is difficult to accomplish this task, but it is quite possible.

Is the water deep in your area?

First, you need to decide on the type of well, finding out how deep the aquifer lies in a particular area. There are several possibilities for this:

hydrological maps;
exploration drilling;
survey of neighbors.

The first, as well as consultations with a hydrological engineer, can be obtained from the relevant departments. Exploratory drilling work is resorted to only as a last resort, since it is an expensive pleasure. Most often, site owners simply ask their neighbors, who are already happy owners of an existing water well or well, about the characteristics of the property.

A little about the types of water wells

Based on the results of assessing the depth of the aquifer, dacha owners will have to choose from three options:

the water lies close, at a depth of up to 12 meters -;
an aquifer no deeper than 50 meters - a well “for sand”;
the water is very deep, up to 200 meters - a well “for limestone”.

An aquifer lying close to the surface is rare. The lucky owners of such a site can make a needle well, which will take only one day or even a few hours to create. Creation technology Abyssinian well consists in the fact that the soil is pierced with a rather thin pipe: only 1-1.5 inches. A cone-shaped pipe is installed at the end of the pipe, which facilitates penetration through the thickness of the soil. A suction pump is mounted on top. However, little water comes from the Abyssinian well, so it may be necessary to construct another water source of this type. The compact shape of the Abyssinian well allows you to drill such a well even in the basement of a house.

A “limestone” well, i.e. an artesian one, is also not common. This option is good because it allows you to get a large amount of very clean water. But it is almost impossible to successfully drill such a well on your own; you will need to attract a team with professional drilling equipment. In addition, artesian water sources must be licensed by the relevant authorities. Please note that if there is a layer of artesian water under the dacha plot, it makes sense to discuss with your neighbors a joint payment for the brigade’s services, since such a well can easily provide water consumption for several households at the same time.

To create an Abyssinian well, a thin one and a half inch pipe with a filter tip is driven into the ground. Compact dimensions and simple technology make it possible to install such a well in the basement of a house or make additional source water on summer cottage

Most often, water lies on the horizon within a depth of fifty meters. Such a well can be completed even by novice drillers using one of the methods developed for such situations. Which ones? Read on.

Which drilling method should I choose?

For such large-scale drilling work, you will need a special installation that you can make yourself. The type of installation depends on the selected drilling method:

shock-rope;
screw;
rotary.

To make a unit capable of creating a narrow well several tens of meters deep, in addition to conventional tools you will need a drill, a grinder and welding machine. Inexperienced craftsmen are advised to acquire skills in working with these complex devices. Although creating a homemade drilling rig will require a lot of time and effort, the device can be effectively used in the future, for example, during installation pile foundation. Some craftsmen with such an installation began own business for the installation of water wells at neighboring dachas.

Option #1 - shock-rope installation

A working tool of this design is a rather heavy cartridge and a bailer mounted on a cable. The cable with the load is suspended vertically on a special frame. The soil is broken up using a chuck and removed with a bailer until the depth of the pit reaches the aquifer. The weight of the cartridge must be at least 80 kg. Such devices are now practically not used manually; operations are performed using a rotary motor, which raises and lowers the rope with a load.

To create a cable-percussion drilling rig, you will need a bailer and a chuck with sharpened edges, as well as a cable, a frame on which the load will be attached, and a motor to control the cable

It is recommended to sharpen the lower edge of the chuck and also attach several sharp triangular elements to it to increase efficiency. First, a hole of a suitable diameter is made in the ground using a regular garden drill, and then work begins with a chuck and bailer. Impact-rope drilling is quite effective on both light and clay soils.

An interesting version of this installation is presented in the video:

Option #2 - auger drilling rig

When operating this device, the soil is removed using a special drill, which is made from 100 mm steel pipe. A couple of turns of a screw with a diameter of approximately 200 mm are welded to its lower end. Two inclined steel knives are installed along the edges of the auger. A removable handle, also made from a piece of steel pipe, is mounted on top.

To make a drill metal pipe weld several turns of metal with sharpened edges. As the wellbore deepens, the pipe is extended to the required length

As the structure deepens into the ground, the main pipe is expanded using threaded connection or couplings. The device is secured using a tripod tower made of wood or metal. To remove a fairly heavy pipe from a pit, it is recommended to use a winch with an electric motor.

Here is an example of auger drilling work with simultaneous casing:

Option #3 - rotary drilling rig

This is the most difficult, but also the most reliable option installations for drilling wells. You can make only the frame for such a device yourself, and it is recommended to purchase other elements, such as a drill rod, swivel, blade drill, motor pump and gear motor, from a reliable manufacturer. Using such a setup, you can carry out flushing drilling, impact drilling, rotary drilling, etc. The ability to supply a solution that erodes the soil and facilitates its excavation increases the speed of drilling work several times.

Example of work:

Please note that if one of your neighbors already has experience in drilling a well on their own, it makes sense to inquire about the possibility of borrowing ready-made drilling equipment.

Procedure for drilling a sand well

Like any important matter, drilling a well should begin with drawing up a project diagram. First you need to choose a suitable location for the well. It should be located quite close to the house and as far as possible from sources of potential pollution: septic tanks, places where livestock and poultry are kept, bathhouses, shores of a reservoir, etc. It is necessary to take into account not only existing objects, but also those that are still planned to be built on the site, since moving the well to a new location will be, to put it mildly, problematic.

Once the plan has been drawn up, it is time to begin executing it. To do this you need:

Apply markings for future work.
Dig a hole according to the markings, which will contain the drilling tool (bailer, auger, drill, etc.).
Install drilling equipment.
Carry out drilling in accordance with the selected technology.
Lower the filter column into the pit, which is a structure consisting of a filter, a sump and a pipe.
Fill the space between the outer walls of the casing and the soil with sand or crushed stone.
Seal the top of the pipe and use a pump to pump water into it to flush the filter.
Pump water from the well using a bailer or auger pump.
After the water is clear, lower it into the well submersible pump using a safety rope.
Connect a hose or water pipe to the pump.
Install a valve on the pipe that regulates the water supply.
Waterproof the part of the casing pipe protruding above the surface.
Equip the wellhead with a caisson and weld it to the head.
Lay the water pipes leading to the house in the trenches provided for them.
Cover the caisson with soil and a concrete blind area.

This is a general procedure; depending on conditions, necessary changes may be made to it.

A properly constructed caisson prevents well equipment from getting wet or freezing. Industrial models of caissons made of durable plastic are very easy to install

Review of popular beginner mistakes

As you know, the soil is heterogeneous and consists of different layers. To successfully drill a well through them, it is recommended to use various drilling methods:

sandy horizons are best overcome using a spoon drill with simultaneous flushing with drilling fluid or ordinary water;
For drilling hard sand, it is recommended to use a chisel;
on quicksand it is considered the most effective to use;
for drilling clay, it is better to use a coil; a bailer or spoon drill is also suitable;
hard rocks are drilled in two stages: first, they are chiselled with a chisel, then the soil is excavated;
pebble and gravel layers are also passed through the alternate use of a chisel and a bailer;
In most cases, supplying water to the pit facilitates and speeds up drilling.

It should be remembered that the dimensions of the pit should be slightly larger than O.D. casing pipe. When choosing, it is also necessary to take into account that the minimum clearance between the inner wall of the pipe and the pump should be at least 5 mm, optimally 10 mm.

The condition of the soil indicates that the drillers have reached the aquifer. If wet soil appears from the well, it means water is close. Soon after this, the drilling tool will move noticeably easier than before, when the drill hits the aquifer. Work should continue until drilling becomes difficult again, i.e., until the waterproof layer is reached. Only after this can drilling be stopped.

The submersible pump for a country well must be lowered to the correct depth. If the device is located too high, water will not flow in sufficient volume, and if the device is too low, it will quickly become covered with sand.

It happens that a recently drilled well suddenly stops functioning. This may indicate low quality of work performed. Both beginners and professionals often make a number of mistakes while drilling. Here are the most common of them:

Over-drilling, i.e. drilling to excessive depth, as a result of which the pipe “slipped through” the aquifer. To correct the situation, you should either raise the existing pipe to the required level, or insert a new pipe of a smaller diameter inside the pipe, and remove the old one completely or partially.
Incomplete installation of the casing pipe into the hole, as a result of which the required well flow rate is not achieved. This occurs due to the soil collapsing into the shaft during the excavation of the drilling tool. The soil should be removed with a bailer (washing will not help) and the pipe should be settled.
Not drilled enough, i.e. the pipe is not cut to an insufficient depth. The well is drilled to the correct depth and a new one equipped with a filter is inserted into the existing casing.
The pump is lowered too low, as a result the well is silted with sand. The pump is removed, the sand is selected with a bailer, the pump is installed correctly.

To install the submersible pump correctly, it should be lowered to a minimum depth. Then slowly immerse, checking the condition of the water every 20-50 cm. When sand comes out, the wrong position has been reached, the pump must be raised to the level at which clean water flowed.

In order to organize on a suburban area, drilling work is carried out and the subsequent installation of a well in the country.

Before drilling a well at the dacha, repairs and a subsequent set of works are carried out. at the dacha ensures an almost uninterrupted supply of water to the recipient from a well under the right level pressure.

It doesn’t take very long to create a well in the country with your own hands, and before starting work you should prepare everything in advance necessary equipment and tools.

1 How to make a well in the country?

Before you make a well in your country house, you should carefully familiarize yourself with the methods that allow you to choose the most suitable location for it.

A well at a summer cottage exists to supply water to the recipient. In order to equip a well, you need to carefully approach the issue of choosing all its components.

The water supply station is the heart of the entire water supply system. For efficient water supply it is used pumping station(review AL-KO) or pump.

The choice of such equipment is made based on several factors. These include the desired level of water flow, the load level for which the station will be ready, the installation of a unit such as a caisson, and more.

In addition, the artesian well must be equipped taking into account the level of water in the ground. In this case, the installation is carried out taking into account the types of mechanisms.

So, for example, an artesian well that provides water flow from a depth of 7-9 meters is equipped with a self-priming well.

In order to avoid frequent repairs, such a water extraction station is equipped with additional protective equipment. This could be a device such as a caisson.

If the station will extract drinking water from a depth exceeding 9 meters, then care must be taken to install special well pumps.

Repair of such devices will be carried out much less frequently if, after installation, a protective structure - a caisson - is installed on top. Subsequently, to ensure water supply to the house, a place for a well should be arranged.

The water extraction station is lowered to a depth level that is slightly below the static water horizon.

In order to subsequently have access to all communications and make repairs, a caisson should be installed on top of the pump. The installation of a unit providing water supply continues if all the equipment is new and there is no need to repair it. During the installation process, the following elements are lowered into the resulting well:

Cable providing power supply to the electric pump;
A plastic pipe through which water will be supplied;
Durable steel cable for the pumping unit;
Caisson.

If the system has automatic controls, then start buttons and other control equipment can be placed indoors.

Before repairing or installing a well, you should think about installation. Without it, the unit will be repaired much more often.

Repairs often need to be made when the system is damaged by water hammer. Repairs can be done much less often and with less frequency if you first take care of installing a pressure tank.

The hydraulic accumulator will always contain a certain volume of water, and when it decreases, the pump will immediately turn on and replenish its reserve.

The caisson will provide reliable protection such equipment. A caisson is an insulated container that protects all equipment from the negative effects of the environment.

The caisson is manufactured using various materials. In addition, the caisson is characterized by excellent thermal insulation properties, which is aimed at maintaining a constant temperature inside it. The caisson can be made of metal or reinforced concrete.

2 Types of wells

The choice of one or another type of well for its further installation at a summer cottage directly depends on factors such as:

Depth of the aquifer;
Volumes of drilling work carried out;
Drilling technologies.

2.1 How to choose the right place for a well in your country house?

For selection right place There are several ways to create a well in your country house. You can prepare 1-2 liters of desiccant in advance, which should be poured into an unglazed pot.

A pot of silica gel granules is then buried in the area where the well is expected to be developed. The burial depth should not exceed one and a half meters.

After a day, the pot is dug out and weighed. Where the difference in weight will be greatest, the well should be developed.

Another method is based on simple observation. To do this, in the evening after the summer heat has subsided, or in the early morning, the surrounding area is inspected.

If a sufficient amount of water is concentrated in the soil, then this place will be especially noticeable due to the fog accumulated there. If the fog does not swirl, but rises in a column to the top, then in this place the underground water content is especially high.

Almost all waterproof layers copy the terrain. Therefore, in pits and depressions between hills, there is a high probability that there may be accumulations of groundwater.

On flat terrain, water can lie at quite a great depth. If there are bodies of water near the place where it is planned to create a well, the depth of the aquifer can be determined using the barometric method.

For this purpose, you can use the most common aneroid barometer. On the shore of the reservoir closest to the proposed well-digging site, air pressure measurements must be taken.

Then take measurements at the place where it is planned to equip the future well. In the event that the pressure drop is more than 0.5 mm mercury, then the aquifer will be located at a depth of 6-7 meters.

However, the most reliable method is the exploratory drilling method. To do this, using a standard garden drill, the soil is drilled to a depth of 6-10 meters. When it hits an aquifer, the presence of water in the hole will become noticeable almost immediately.

2.2 Stages of drilling a well

Since the upper layers of soil are subject to falling asleep, the well is protected by a special structure called a pit. It is a pit with a depth of two meters.

In order to strengthen the walls, the inside is covered with boards. After the pit has been constructed, the derrick is prepared for drilling. The upper flooring of the boards is dismantled, and a search for a central point is made in the lower flooring.

A hole is made there, the diameter of which must match the diameter of the coupling. The drilling rig, already assembled and ready for work, is equipped with a rotating head and a lifting and lowering mechanism, which is presented in the form of a winch.

The drill head is carefully lowered down in a strictly vertical position. After that, it rises up, but with pieces of rock and soil. The head is being cleaned.

The operation is then repeated again until the desired depth is reached. The role is played by products intended for laying a pipeline.

It can be either metal or. In order to avoid soil collapse, the drill should not be lowered below the immersion level of the casing.

The process must be combined - drilling alternates with the installation of casing pipes and their gradual extension as they descend.

It is worth noting that if the soil is dense and stable, the entire well can be drilled without using casing pipes. If the rock crumbles, then after 1.5-2 meters you should start connecting the casing pipe.

2.3 How to drill a well manually? (video)

Ecology of consumption. Estate: You bought a piece of land with a good strong house, but there is a problem with water supply. Central water supply It has long been out of order, and water has to be delivered to the site. How to solve the problem with regular water supply and is it possible to do anything at all? Arranging a do-it-yourself well for drinking water at your dacha will help solve the problem.

You have bought a piece of land with a nice, solid house, but there is a problem with the water supply. The central water supply has long been out of order, and water has to be delivered to the site. How to solve the problem with regular water supply and is it possible to do anything at all? Arranging a do-it-yourself well for drinking water at your dacha will help solve the problem. From the article you will learn what work needs to be done to provide a summer cottage with good drinking water.

Determining the location of drilling a well

First of all, you should get to know your neighbors and find out how they solved the water supply issue. If they already have wells on the property, look at their locations. It is possible that the neighbors use imported water. In this case, you will need to study the soil layers on the site. Research results are usually incorporated into a construction project. From the documents you will learn the level of the aquifer and the flow line of surface groundwater.

The next step will be to determine the location of drilling a well in the country. The simplest and most commonly used method of finding water among people is the frame method or the rod method. A man holds two curved metal wires in his outstretched hands. Trying not to change the position of his hands, he moves around the area. In the place where the underground spring flows closest to the surface, the wires will begin to twist and cross. Having determined the drilling location, you need to choose the type of water well that is suitable for you.

The correct choice of location, depth and materials of a well at the dacha is a guarantee of obtaining clean drinking water in sufficient quantities.

Types of wells

The choice of the type of well, the volume of drilling work and the drilling technology depend on the depth of the aquifer.

1 - waterproof soils, 2 - water intake from high water, 3 - high water, 4 - well for the upper aquifer, 5 - waterproof soils, 6 - first aquifer, 7 - artesian water, 8 - artesian well, 9 - sand well.

An Abyssinian well is constructed if the aquifer is located at a depth of 3 to 12 meters. It can be dug by hand by two people. This type of well is popularly called a needle. The shallow depth of water intake requires particularly careful determination of the drilling site.

The location of the needle well should be as far as possible from cesspool, septic tank, sewer pipes.

One option for installing a well could be to drill it directly in the basement under the house. In this case, it will be easy and simple to collect water even in the most severe frosts. Dacha owners install a pump and a manual pump on the well.

A sand well is used when the aquifer is no more than 50 meters deep. The construction of such a well at the dacha will have to be done using special equipment. The name of the well itself suggests that water is extracted from a sandy aquifer. The quality of produced water may vary. It is necessary to do an analysis at the sanitary and epidemiological station to determine the suitability of the water for drinking. After drilling is completed, a pump with a filter is lowered into the well. It will have to be taken out periodically for cleaning.

The artesian well is the deepest. It is impossible to drill it yourself, so a team of specialists with a powerful drilling rig is hired. The layer carrying water lies at a depth of more than 50 m. The greatest depth of the well is 200 m. If your neighbors do not have a well of this type, place an order for drilling an experimental well to determine the depth of the aquifer. In order to save money, it is worth agreeing with your neighbors to drill one well for several houses. There will be enough water for everyone.

What is better is a well or a borehole in a country house and which of the presented types is suitable for you, you should determine it yourself. If you do not plan to consume water in large volumes and on the site suitable soil, choose a well, a needle well or a sand well. Only an artesian well can provide large amounts of water.

Drilling a well at the dacha

Specialists use special drilling rigs, and to drill a well with your own hands, you need to prepare a winch, a drill and a strong, reliable tripod. A durable ice auger is chosen as a drilling tool.

For arrangement, purchase:

several types of pipes differing in diameter;
valves;
powerful deep well pump;
good quality filter;
caisson.

Stage No. 1. At the drilling site, dig a hole with sides equal to 1.5 m and a depth of up to 1 m. Line the inside with plywood or boards.
Stage No. 2. Place a tripod over the pit and secure the winch. Using a structure consisting of rods connected into one pipe, the drill is raised and lowered. Fix the rods with a clamp.

The diameter of the well depends on the pumping equipment used. The main requirement is the free movement of the pump in the pipe. The pump size should be 5mm. less than the internal diameter of the pipe.

It is better to drill a well at your dacha yourself using the percussion method. It is advisable to do this together. One turns the bar using a gas wrench, and a partner hits it with a chisel from above. It is advisable to remove and clean the drill every half meter. During the passage of soil layers, the drill can be changed to facilitate labor and speed up the process. Clay soils are easier to penetrate with a spiral auger. Hard soil containing gravel is loosened with a chisel. For the sand layer, use a drill spoon. Using a bailer, the soil is raised.

Stage No. 3. The first sign of approaching an aquifer is the appearance of wet rock. Continue work until the drill reaches the waterproof layer.

Construction of a well at the dacha

Having reached the required level, begin constructing a water well at the dacha. You can make a good quality filter yourself. This requires a casing pipe, perforation and a filtration mesh. Assemble a filter column from a pipe, filter and settling tank and lower it into the well.

Now you should prepare a mixture of coarse sand and fine crushed stone. Fill the space between the pipe and the wall of the well with the mixture. At the same time, pump water inside to rinse the filter.

The well is pumped up using an auger centrifugal pump. Pump out the water until it comes to the surface clean and transparent. Tie the pump to a safety rope and lower it into the pipe. Now you can connect the well in the country with the water supply in the house.

The model and power of the well pump depends on the size of the casing pipe, the depth of the well and its distance from the house. Surface pump used for shallow wells. For all others, a downhole submersible model is needed.

Find out the groundwater level in your area.
To drill a shallow well up to 5 m deep, use a garden drill.
It is better to rent a mechanical drilling device.
The water pipe should not reach the bottom of the well by a maximum of 0.5 m.
Equip ventilation holes on the pipe leading into the well.
After the well is launched, the water should be sent for examination.

Now you know how to drill a well at your dacha yourself and pump it up. Every man can provide his family with drinking water at his dacha. The main thing is not to be afraid and to enlist the support of family and friends. Without them, it is very difficult to solve the water supply problem. How did you solve the water problem at your summer cottage? We are interested to hear about your experience. Leave comments on the article.

How to drill a well (video)

Construction of a water well (video)

Join us on

It is customary to distinguish between 2 main types of wells: artesian and sand. They have very significant differences from each other.

Artesian water deposits are found in limestones, which can be located at different depths: sometimes 50 m, sometimes 150 m.

Every home owner wants to have enough water. The first and main advantage of a well for limestone is its high flow rate (productivity per unit time). Sandy - cannot compare with it in this aspect.

The second important advantage: stable level, pressure and constant availability of clean water, regardless of the season. A layer of rock located above the limestone retains water from all kinds of contaminants from intermediate aquifers or from the surface. Main role This is where the waterproof layer of Jurassic clay plays a role, acting as a natural sealant.

Well-made design of an artesian well using quality materials and pipes do not require maintenance throughout their entire service life, which is 50 years or more.

Drilling in Moscow and the Moscow region for limestone is the most effective way to solve the problem of obtaining clean water all year round and in the required volume.

A sand well with filtration in the Moscow region should be drilled solely as a cheaper alternative to an artesian well. Its depth is much less, which significantly reduces the cost.

Water enters the sands from the outside (rain, snow) and does not have time to be properly purified, which indicates its not very high quality.

There are also seasonal fluctuations in water levels, which can lead to its temporary absence. There is only one way out - to drill for limestone. If the flow is nearby and there are good coarse-grained, flooded sands, seasonal level surges can be avoided.

But the main thing is that due to the low flow rate, a sand well is often not suitable for supplying water to a home. In the south of the Moscow region, for example, the sand layer is small and the filter quickly becomes clogged with clay, which reduces the already low productivity. Typical flow rate in this region is about 0.5 cubic meters per hour. In the north of the Moscow region, the layer of sand is larger and you can get a flow rate of about 1 cubic hour.

All of the above does not mean that the sand well is not in demand at all. You can install a simple pump there and use water for irrigation. personal plot. And a complete water supply to a house is only possible if there is a large layer of coarse sand and a location next to a river, which will ensure a flow rate of up to 2-3 cubic meters per hour and no seasonal changes water level.

Video of how we drill

Price of a well at the dacha

The price for dacha drilling services is individual for each client and is made up of many factors that should be taken into account. First of all, you should pay attention to the area in which the dacha is located. From geographical location The depth required to reach aquifers depends. It is worth checking with the neighbors who drilled the well or with the company that built the dacha at what depth the water sources are located. If such information is not available, then you can order the service of geological recovery of the territory, which will also cost a certain amount of money, but will save you from many incidents in the future.

For dacha areas installed well structures are divided into 2 types:

Sand (installed on sand and sandstone)
Artesian (installed on limestone).

They differ in the type of rock on which they are installed and the drilling distance: the maximum depth of sand wells is 50 meters, artesian wells - 200 meters. The cheapest and most optimal for a summer resident has always been sandy.

If the required depth exceeds 25 meters, then it is recommended to contact specialists rather than undertake it yourself, as this may be beyond the capabilities of the summer resident.

Drilling requires special equipment. Usually it is a complex drilling rig. Not everyone can boast of having it. For independent drilling, a manual drilling rig equipped with a drill column may be quite suitable. It is a tripod structure made of iron pipes, on top of which there is a lifting block to which the column is attached. The column consists of several three-meter hoses connected by couplings. The impact element of the drill is the head, with the help of which drilling occurs. Assembling such a structure may also require a certain amount of money.

Companies providing drilling services set a price per square meter of drilled space. In addition, the companies also install casing columns different diameters, which is also included in the cost of services. The total price per meter depends on the material and diameter of the column being installed. The most commonly used are steel and plastic, which have the most attractive price/quality ratio.

The price also includes installed pumping equipment. Its price depends on maximum power and productivity. You can save money on it if you do not require large volumes of water in your household. If, on the contrary, you need a lot of water, then you should not save.

Supplying the cottage with water from a well

Using a well is very profitable and convenient for a summer resident, which is why this type of water supply is preferred among them.

The installation should begin with sealing the head. For this, a caisson is used - a chamber in which the head is placed. The caisson must be large enough to accommodate all the necessary equipment and at least one person. Most often it is made of brick or concrete and has a round shape. There are ready-made caissons that can be purchased at special construction stores. From the caisson a water supply is subsequently laid directly to the dacha.

After constructing the coffer chamber and water supply, a pump must be connected to the house. Before doing this, carefully study the recommendations from the manufacturer. Afterwards, it is carefully secured to the well body using a steel cable and is also connected to the water supply (the well must first be cleared of water). Next comes the process of lowering the pump: this is done as smoothly and carefully as possible. Every one and a half meters of the lowered hose, a electrical cable pump power supply. When the pump reaches the bottom, it should be raised 1-3 meters and secured, after which the top of the head is installed. This stage ends with the installation of the remaining equipment (filters, shut-off valves and automation)

After installation, all equipment located in the caisson is connected to the electrical network.

Next, the hydraulic accumulator is installed. It is recommended to install it in an easily accessible and spacious room (a basement is perfect). During installation, a return flow valve and a drain valve are installed along the water flow. They are necessary to prevent water from flowing from the pipes directly into the tank and for emergency pumping of liquid from it. After this, the water supply pipes are connected, the electric starter is assembled and connected, and sensors are installed to monitor pressure.

Finally, you can connect the water battery to internal system supplies and conduct trial testing.

We also offer for a summer residence

Our company not only professionally drills water wells, but also provides additional services in the following areas: