There are two types of septic tanks. A “regular” septic tank is a simple one storage device, which works primarily as a sump. Plus - absolute simplicity, but its degree of purification is low. Therefore, the discharged wastewater must either be additionally filtered, or the sewer trucks must be regularly called with their tank, and each call costs money.

Therefore, more complex septic tanks are much more profitable in the long term ( autonomous sewage systems), producing activated sludge and water with a fairly high degree of purification - almost one hundred percent. In such septic tanks, aerobic bacteria usually do their work, assisted by an aerator that forcibly blows air into the tank. Almost like in an aquarium, only the “fish” there are microscopic and the food is completely tasteless. The same aeration plants, only much more powerful, are also used at Vodokanals as the main stage of operation of sewage treatment plants. At the same time, anaerobic bacteria also “work” in septic tanks, which do not even need to be populated - they get there straight from you. Therefore, a large primary settling tank is useful for more than just mechanical cleaning.

But you can do without aeration, at the same time getting rid of the compressor: it’s cheaper and more reliable, at first glance. Can be used biofilter- this is either a mesh or a cassette with porous granules. Here the sludge is sifted out and bacteria “live” at the same time. One pass of the drain through the filter is not particularly effective, so recirculation with a special pump is used. Even if you accidentally pour something nuclear-chemical into the sewer and cause a total Holocaust for microscopic coprofilers, at least the mechanical cleaning will remain. A septic tank with a biofilter can be made quite compact. The disadvantage is obvious - the filter inevitably becomes dirty and requires maintenance, while it is enough to pump out sludge from the aerator from time to time. Without additional air saturation, only anaerobic bacteria will be able to “work” normally in the biofilter.

The most effective way, of course, is septic tanks, where purification occurs through biofilters, and aeration of accumulated wastewater occurs. But such a septic tank will simultaneously combine the disadvantages of both systems.

As for performance characteristics, the first thing that is taken into account is waste volume- It is generally accepted that one person pours up to 200 liters of water into the sewer per day. That is, in theory, a family of 4 people needs a septic tank that can “digest” up to 0.8 cubic meters per day. But in practice, of course, smaller models, up to 600 liters, also work great. Don't forget to take into account such a parameter as maximum salvo release volume- this is the volume of liquid that can be “absorbed” by the septic tank in one “sip” without disruption.

Which is better to choose a septic tank for your dacha? This is not an idle question. Equipping a private home or cottage with a sewer system becomes a problem for many owners. After all, many cottage and holiday villages simply do not have the ability to connect to a centralized waste disposal system. But there is a fairly simple solution to this problem - a septic tank for a dacha or a private house, and for small plot A mini-septic tank model is suitable.

You can choose a septic tank for your home based on reviews or technical specifications, photos and video instructions. But it is best to choose several septic tanks, focusing on technical characteristics, and choose a specific model based on customer reviews and photos.

What is it?

A septic tank is called an autonomous treatment plant for liquid waste, which is installed on a private site with both low and high groundwater. Septic tanks come in various designs and capacities. Installing a septic tank can ensure full functionality of toilets, showers and bathtubs, sinks, as well as all necessary household appliances (washing and dishwashers). If this is not required, then a mini-septic tank model is quite suitable.

A septic tank for a house with high groundwater is the best alternative to the familiar one cesspool. After all, use it when modern materials and technology is a crime against oneself and the environment. Unlike a septic tank, it is harmful to the environment and disrupts everything hygiene standards, and besides, it also has a constant strong unpleasant odor. But installing a septic tank at your summer cottage will save you from these problems. You can buy a septic tank for your dacha without pumping, then it requires almost no maintenance.

A septic tank can be either factory-made or home-made. However, reviews of homemade septic tanks indicate some negligence of some authors in the proposed operating schemes for septic tanks. The correct choice of a septic tank and high-quality installation guarantees long and uninterrupted operation of the sewer system for a period of at least 10 years.

Advantages of septic tanks for summer cottages:

1. They are easy to install:
2. Eco-friendly:
3. Not required special costs in operation;
4. The price of their installation is relatively low;
5. They guarantee a high level of wastewater treatment thanks to the anaerobic process;
6. A variety of models allows you to choose a septic tank for a small country house, and for the big one country cottage or residential complex;
7. Suitable for installation in any climate zone, even in areas with high groundwater;
8. When installed correctly they are reliable and durable.

Operating principle

There are several types of septic tanks for a summer residence, but they all work on a similar principle - it is a large tank divided into several chambers. The chambers are equipped with filters and each of them undergoes a certain cleaning stage:

• Physical cleaning, which separates large debris;
• Sedimentation of wastewater in a settling tank;
• Decomposition of organic waste;
• Anaerobic treatment;
• Removal of generated gas;
• Filtration and clarification of wastewater.

All this allows you to purify wastewater to very high levels (up to 98%), although for some models it is necessary to additionally install aeration fields. But there are septic tanks for dachas without pumping, which guarantee a high degree of water purification with minimal costs, but they can hardly be called budget. And this, judging by the reviews and photos, is a very expensive procedure.

Types of septic tank

Which is the best septic tank for a summer residence? After all, comfortable living in the country depends on this. There are several criteria by which septic tanks are classified. This is the design, operating principle and material of manufacture. Well, let’s not forget about reviews and photo reports from specific users. They will give you an idea of ​​the practical use of septic tanks.

According to the principle of operation, septic tanks are:

1. Cumulative. They are one large reservoir in which waste water collected and settled before pumping. This is the design most often chosen to create a homemade septic tank.

A storage septic tank for a summer residence has a number of advantages:

• Low cost. Some craftsmen assemble it from available materials, such as tires;
• Easy to install;
• Suitable for areas with high groundwater;
• Autonomy.

But the disadvantages of this septic tank for a dacha still outweigh, judging, again, by reviews:

• Suitable for sandy soil only;
• Not designed for salvo water discharges;
• Small volume;
• Septic tanks without pumping are expensive;
• Regular pumping is required;
• The need to often resort to the services of sewer cleaners;
• Most often it has an unpleasant odor.

1. Anaerobic septic tanks for summer cottages with infiltration fields. This is a large tank, divided into several small sections, where the waste goes through several stages of purification until the organic waste is completely decomposed. In this case, the wastewater is purified to 75%. Since this indicator is quite low, it is necessary to additionally install anaerobic fields in the system. Analyzing the reviews, we note that these septic tanks have no fundamental disadvantages, except for the high cost of septic tanks without pumping.

1. Aerobic septic tanks for summer cottages. This type of septic tank guarantees wastewater purification up to 98% thanks to anaerobic bacteria that completely decompose all waste, and the filter system completely purifies and clarifies the water. Often, such septic tanks are equipped with additional pumps, air vents and air compressors. Most models are septic tanks without pumping. This is the most expensive, but at the same time the most effective type of septic tank for a summer residence. And judging by the reviews and photo reports, this is their main drawback.

You can also classify septic tanks for a summer residence according to the following criteria: factory-made or home-made, autonomous or energy-dependent, underground or above-ground, requiring pumping and not.

Material of manufacture

Which septic tank to choose based on the material of manufacture. Three types of containers are most often used to construct a septic tank:

• Plastic. Lightweight and durable tanks that are easy to install and maintain. Their service life is quite long and, with proper installation and use, they will last up to 50 years. Installation of small models does not require the use of special equipment. There are septic tanks without pumping and with a storage tank. But the low weight of the structure is also a disadvantage - the septic tank can “float” to the ground surface when the temperature rises groundwater. Reviews indicate that because of this, such septic tanks cannot be installed in places where groundwater reaches the surface. Or, in order to avoid the septic tank from “floating up” under the influence of rising groundwater, it is concreted or “anchored” using special belts. So this is not the best option for a septic tank for a dacha with a high groundwater level.
• Concrete. Nice guy a simple and durable septic tank for a summer residence. The structure is very durable, does not corrode, but is heavy. There are two options for constructing the device. The first is the installation of ready-made factory concrete rings using construction equipment. The second is pouring concrete into the finished formwork and gradually erecting the structure. This is the best option for a septic tank for a dacha with high groundwater.
• Metal. They have a relatively small weight, which makes installation very easy, and the reasonable cost of the necessary equipment makes them quite popular among developers. But they also have the disadvantage of a very high probability of corrosion due to anaerobic processes, the service life of the device is greatly reduced. Suitable for areas with high groundwater.

Device, circuits

Which septic tank to choose according to the arrangement scheme? There are many variations of septic tanks for summer cottages, ranging from a homemade septic tank made from used tires to very complex multi-stage cleaning models from various manufacturers.

Any septic tank design for a summer residence consists of several chambers:

• loading container for waste;
• additional cleaning chambers with filters and an anaerobic chamber.

Storage tanks and aeration fields are often additionally used.

To equip summer cottages or houses where 3-4 people live, mini-septic tanks for summer cottages are most often used, that is, models that are designed to process 0.7-2 cubic meters of wastewater. Such mini-septic tanks have a number of advantages:

• mini dimensions, which makes installation simple;
• a factory mini-septic tank is most often inexpensive;
• building a mini-septic tank with your own hands is much cheaper than buying a finished product;
• operation of a mini-septic tank is economical;
• There are mini anaerobic, storage and infiltration models;
• the mini-septic tank is very easy to maintain;
• Installing a mini-septic tank can be easily done by just a couple of people without the use of construction equipment.

Buying a large septic tank only makes sense when a large number of people live in the house, and a mini-septic tank for a summer residence is an ideal option if you only visit the site on weekends. But such models require additional strengthening in areas with high groundwater.

Calculation

Choosing a suitable septic tank for your dacha is a difficult matter. After all, the life support system of the entire house or cottage depends on it. In order for the choice to be successful, it is necessary first of all to accurately calculate the operating mode of the sewerage system and the volume of wastewater.

It is these parameters that determine the characteristics of a septic tank for a summer residence, which are worth paying attention to. You also need to decide - is an autonomous or energy-independent sump tank model suitable for you, or will a septic tank connected to the mains suit you?

For example, 3 people live in a dacha, which means that the volume of the septic tank must be at least 600 liters. If you count on guests, then even a little more. And for correct operation of the entire system, protection against burst discharges and to ensure the operation of household appliances, this number must be multiplied by 3 again, that is, 600x3, and we get a number of 1800 liters per day. This example shows that in most cases it is enough to install a mini-septic tank rather than a large-sized model.

Popular manufacturers

Our market offers a wide selection of septic tanks for summer cottages from various manufacturers. The most popular of them are the brands Topas, Eurobion, Topol, Tank, which offer autonomous sewer systems made of plastic.

Their products include a wide range of models of varying capacities - both small septic tanks for country houses with a wastewater volume of 1000 liters, and large tanks for hotels and large residential complexes. According to the principle of operation - anaerobic and aerobic. They also differ in cost - the most affordable are the Tank systems, and the most expensive are Topas. But all of them have proven themselves well among owners of private houses, cottages and summer cottages. In the photo you can see their dimensions and shape.

Help in choosing

Before purchasing or installing a septic tank for your dacha, you need to resolve several issues:

• optimal volume of the structure. Using the form presented above, it is necessary to calculate the amount of wastewater. If the dacha does not have a shower and a bathroom, then one hundred liters can be subtracted from the total volume of wastewater;
• installation location. The optimal shape of the septic tank depends on this. For small country houses, it is recommended to choose vertical models. But remember that the sump cannot be located close to ponds and buildings;
• budget. The quality and functionality of the sewage system and the installation method depend on it. Certainly, optimal solution will be an acquisition finished design with the deepest degree of cleaning and turnkey installation. But this is not advisable for houses with seasonal residence of a small number of people.

Remember that a septic tank for a summer residence differs in functional tasks from a septic tank in a private house. The dacha sewer system must solve the following issues:

• it must be designed for periodic volley discharges of wastewater;
• Country sewerage must be suitable for seasonal conservation for the autumn-winter period.

Prices for septic tanks

In search of an answer to which septic tank to choose for a summer residence, many buyers pay attention to the price of the septic tank. How to buy a high-quality septic tank without paying extra money?

The average price of a small mini-septic tank of a simple design for a summer cottage is about 20,000 rubles, more complex models cost higher depending on the volume and model. The price for complex sewer systems with aeration is about 150,000 rubles.

Like any other product, septic tanks are presented in huge quantities on our market; you can go to the store or look at the photo in the catalog. The varieties of designs and models, their price range is very wide, and sometimes it is very difficult for a non-specialist to figure out which septic tank is best to choose. In this case, you need to take into account your own capabilities and budget, and do not forget about the ratio of cost and quality.

Wanting to buy inexpensively, many summer residents prefer to install a septic tank for their home with their own hands rather than buy a factory-made system. In this case, a concrete septic tank for a house will cost 20-30 thousand rubles.

The most inexpensive septic tanks are storage and homemade, and the most expensive are models with several stages of processing and aeration that do not require regular pumping. But which one is better - everyone must decide for themselves - after all, it is not always advisable to install an expensive septic tank for a small dacha where no one lives permanently.

• the price of all consumables;
• the price of installation work, if there is a need to attract hired workers.

To determine which is the best septic tank to purchase, and inexpensively, you need to study the assortment of stores and manufacturers’ catalogs. Here are some examples of prices at which you can buy septic tanks, and their photos can be viewed on the manufacturer’s website:

• “Bionic” with a volume of 1.5 m³ will cost 38,000 rubles;
• “Tver” with a volume of 2 m³ - 70 thousand rubles;
• “Tank-1” with a volume of 1 m³ -17,000 rubles;
• "Triton" 2000 l. – 24,000.

The times when you could simply use an outdoor toilet in dachas and country houses are long gone. Modern hygienic requirements have increased significantly, and now it is necessary to strictly monitor safety when handling household waste. They help solve the problem good septic tanks, but in order not to make a mistake with your choice, you need to carefully study their nuances.

Peculiarities

Connection to centralized sewer systems is not possible everywhere. Disposing of sewage and household waste using a septic tank is much more practical and reliable than using a banal cesspool. Speaking about the advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks, it should be noted that only one circumstance can cause certain inconvenience. This is the need to pay a certain amount of money even if the device is made by hand.

The principle of operation of a storage type device is simple:

• waste enters the container;
• as it fills, they call a car with a pump and a sewage tank;
• After some time, the emptied container is again ready to accept waste.

As for the second type of device, it works fundamentally differently. The simple accumulation of contaminants is replaced by their filtration, absorption and thorough neutralization. Complicating the design in this case is completely justified, since it allows the problem to be solved most effectively. When choosing products, it is recommended to take into account how many residents are in the house or can visit it. Also of no small importance is the type of plumbing equipment and the intensity of its work.

Regardless of the specific design, it is necessary to achieve a high level of wastewater purification so that it can be discharged into the ground without the threat of clogging. Typically, the flow of sewage entering through the sewer is directed to the source chamber, where it is divided into fractions. This leads to the fact that the largest solid particles settle to the bottom, and the relatively fine suspension reaches the next chamber. Specially selected anaerobic microorganisms deal with them there. As a result of biological influence, fermentation occurs and methane begins to be released.

The passages to the septic tank compartments are covered with special devices (water seals). Thanks to this solution, the nuisance characteristic of simple cesspools and sedimentation tanks is eliminated - the spread of a bad odor everywhere.

The third chamber also plays a role, in which, using a filter of a special design, contaminants that have overcome the first two stages are captured. The filter is also assisted by aerobic bacteria that live freely in an oxygen environment. A similar device is typical for any septic tank, be it a Russian or imported product.

After delivery to the site, fully finished specimens are lowered into a pre-formed pit. Those wastewater that managed to go through three stages of purification are completely safe in chemical and biological terms. You can safely redirect them to the filtration field and into the soil. A treatment facility that complies with SNiP standards successfully operates even in the most severe conditions. climatic conditions. It is not afraid of severe frosts and snowstorms, and some versions do not depend on power supply at all.

If for some reason you are not satisfied with factory products or there is a desire to save money, land owners can make a septic tank themselves.

For this purpose, completely ready-made tanks are supplied, but with the difference that their installation will be carried out not by a team of specialists, but by the owners themselves. It is recommended to choose the strongest materials that can successfully withstand the aggressive effects of sewage waste. Before installing septic tanks yourself, you should prepare drawings to eliminate errors and omissions. Sometimes 3-6 concrete rings are enough to complete the task.

How to choose and make it yourself?

When working on an autonomous sewer system, there are no trifles, because even the slightest mistakes and shortcomings can lead to serious consequences. It is advisable to consider first choosing a finished product, and then constructing it with your own hands. In both cases, you need to take into account:

• how much waste accumulates per day;
• do they live in the house all year round or only in warm time year;
• the amount of plumbing used;
• presence of groundwater and its height, chemical properties;
• the amount that owners can allocate for the purchase of plumbing equipment;
• characteristics of the soil on the site.

When assessing the properties of any septic tank, whether homemade or industrial, it is better to start analyzing them with the performance of the device. This parameter is closely related to the number of working chambers and their dimensions. Minor flows of wastewater can also be passed through single-chamber septic tanks with a preliminary cleaning unit. In this case, household waste will be cleaned quite effectively. But if the total flow is more than 1 cubic meter. m. in 24 hours, we need a more productive model.

In its design, such a device often looks like a simple storage tank, which is systematically cleaned with your own hands or by calling a sewage disposal truck. For permanently used houses such solutions are unacceptable. Active accumulation of waste will provoke significant costs for the services of vacuum cleaners. Increased operating efficiency is typical for biological purification complexes.

Anaerobic wastewater treatment methods inevitably generate gases that are hazardous to people. Therefore, you need to choose only kits with a fan riser. When choosing a suitable solution, you also need to find out:

• what body material will be optimal;
• whether the tank should be placed horizontally or vertically in the soil;
• How many cleaning chambers are required?

Simple installation of concrete settling tanks from blocks of standard dimensions or by pouring concrete into formwork is accessible to almost everyone. The use of ready-made elements allows you not to worry about problems with the quality of manufacturing parts, but it increases the cost of construction. To transport concrete rings, you need powerful transport, and they are installed using special lifting machines. Self-fill more economical, but it will take significantly more time. The settling tank will need to be operated only after the cement mixture has completely set.

Reinforced concrete rings are difficult to seal; their suitability for repair remains questionable. Such parts are very bulky and heavy in design. But concrete products are more resistant to soil pressure and ground water than plastic ones.

You should not choose budget septic tanks with metal tanks, because the savings will be illusory. It will be necessary to constantly treat the surface of the septic tank with anti-corrosion mixtures.

Metal blocks are preferred where it is necessary to create geometrically complex overflow pipe complexes. Welding is used to install metal septic tanks. Connections to plastic pipes are made using flange systems, complemented by rubber cuffs. The strength and significant heaviness of steel bodies helps to avoid being pushed out by water circulating in the soil. In many cases, plastic septic tanks are used for a cottage or a simple private house.

Plastic elements can be assembled manually, and the tightness of the connections created using the cuffs is completely guaranteed. There is no need for complex protection against various substances.

After installation, plastic tanks are filled with water, this will help equalize the pressure inside and outside.

Please note: the industry produces a number of products that are characterized by increased rigidity. This allows you to bury septic tanks in dry mode.

When choosing a device, you should also pay attention to how the drainage will be organized. Directing the liquid by gravity implies the need to lay pipes at an angle. The chambers of storage or filtration septic tanks are equipped with stable waterproofing or are made of materials impermeable to water. When building a cleaning system with your own hands, you need to add overflow pipes to the septic tanks, which transfer water to the filter section. The pipes must be supplemented with vertical segments continuously immersed in water.

They can be used both for self-production and when purchasing a ready-made kit. different methods final soil cleaning. Widespread:

• filtration wells with a layer of drainage material at the bottom;
• tunnel infiltration devices;
• underground cleaning “fields” where perforated pipes are laid.

Choosing the right approach is not easy, because you will have to take into account the required depth of wastewater treatment, soil category, height of soil water and their chemical aggressiveness. When one of the chambers is reserved for aerobic microscopic cleaning, it is supplemented with aerators, so you will have to take care of a stable power supply. An air pipe is laid between the parts of the septic tanks, compensating for the uneven pressure in them.

Regardless of the design features, you will have to make hatches for inspection and cleaning of containers.

Species

A septic tank for a dacha with 2-3 residents can be made according to the cesspool option; This is the most economical type in terms of water consumption. The container must be very durable, and the higher its capacity (within reasonable limits), the more practical the device is.

For permanent residence with a small amount of waste generated, it is preferable overflow systems. Such equipment produces partial waste treatment, and the tank will have to be emptied using special equipment on average once every two or three years. The soil filter fields that complement such septic tanks are made from rocks that are permeable to water.

The advantages of this solution are:

• ease of service manipulations;
• long intervals from one cleaning to another;
• increasing the efficiency of waste use.

But septic tanks, which have additional purification in the soil, cannot be used in clay soil with insufficient permeability to liquid. In addition, such a design is incompatible with the high position of the first horizon. For a private home, in many cases, more powerful and advanced treatment plants are used. Overall performance is determined by the number of cameras; There is no need to make calculations when choosing a device; the number of residents served is written on the packaging.

An autonomous storage (non-volatile) septic tank is always cheaper than one dependent on the electrical network. It's not just about operating costs, but also about the necessary basic components. The lack of connection to the electrical network allows you not to equip the septic tank with pumps, compressor systems and fittings. But valves and hoses will be used in a specific case.

It is worth considering that if it is necessary to process waste as deeply as possible (for use or as prescribed by sanitary authorities), you will have to abandon energy-independent solutions completely.

Increased efficiency of devices connected to electrical network, turns into the need to constantly maintain strictly specified conditions.

Volatile devices are best installed on a turnkey basis with the help of specialists. Sewerage for country houses can be common to several buildings. The discharge should be planned so that it is above the soil water horizon. The hatch of the simplest storage system rises 10-15 cm above the soil. To less often call the machine for pumping, you should choose a product with a capacity for a month and a reserve of at least 1/5.

Non-volatile complexes are selected in such a way that the full capacity allows the volume of wastewater to be absorbed in 72 hours and there is still a spare volume of approximately 30-40%. Normal operation of overflow-type devices implies that the liquid fills a maximum of ¾ of the entire cavity of the tank. Active devices are in any case equipped with ventilation systems. For the system to operate odorlessly, the outlet must be located at a height of 300-500 cm. The tanks are cleaned of accumulated sludge every few months.

Local purification stations help reduce the intensity of bad odors as much as possible.

Compared to simple septic tanks, such devices are more expensive, since waste treatment is carried out not only by biological and mechanical methods. In addition to infiltrators, chemical treatment agents are also necessarily used. Such devices cannot be used for non-permanent areas. But the level of remaining contaminants is a maximum of 5% of the original value.

Clarified water can be used for:

• irrigation of gardens, vegetable gardens and fields;
• filling a landscape reservoir;
• conducting construction and repair work.

When there is no need for such use of treated wastewater, it is allowed to pour it into natural reservoirs and various ditches. Sewage facilities can withstand several hours during a power outage, but no more. Therefore, it will be necessary to supplement the treatment plant with backup power systems, even if the energy networks in a particular area operate quite reliably.

In any case, the fewer seams in a volatile or autonomous septic tank, the more efficient and sustainable it works.

Material

• Polyethylene structures do not have seams at all, so cracking and leaks are excluded. Synthetic material does not rot and is not prone to corrosion. Multilayer polyethylene works stably even in frosts of 30 degrees. Fiberglass blocks are considered no less high quality. They are stronger than polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, but the overall cost is much higher. Plastic is used mainly for commercial properties or for several private homes at once. Many fiberglass structures can meet the needs of up to 200 residents at a time.
• Metal products (almost always steel) usually have two parts. The internal volume of the welded body contains an additional plastic tank. Even the best steel is rarely used on its own because it can easily lose its seal, and if the outer layer is damaged, corrosion will quickly develop.
• Combined devices (metal + plastic) can have up to four sectors for sequential cleaning of incoming wastewater.

• Depending on the designers’ decisions, the walls are made either inseparable from special holes or with overflow projections. Brick blocks They are popular largely because waste material can be used in their construction. At the same time serious problem represents ensuring the tightness of the walls. Building stone initially has many cracks and gaps. To cover these holes, special sealants or penetrating mastics are usually used. Brick septic tanks are beneficial for economic reasons; complex machines or professional skills are not required when working on them. Single brick masonry is allowed. A more reliable solution is to choose a structure made of concrete; they are very durable. But there is also a weak point - the need for complex equipment.

• For the manufacture of a septic tank, it is allowed to use both monolithic and prefabricated concrete. Monolithic elements must be poured into the formwork after preparing the pit. As with the use of bricks, the tightness of the joints must be assessed as carefully as possible.

Metal structures are used the least often, because the negative qualities almost always outweigh the positive aspects.

Analyzing the properties of various solutions, most experts give preference to plastic septic tanks.

Returning to fiberglass, we can also name such advantages as:

• service life up to 50 years;
• resistance to extreme cold and putrefactive processes;
• immunity to rodent attacks;
• the ability to pump out all waste in 60 minutes;
• the ability to use salvo discharges of a significant amount of wastewater;
• protection from foreign objects;
• Suitable for winter preservation without special preparation.

As for the use of other available materials, such steps are not approved by professionals. They can only be used in small dachas that are visited only occasionally. Barrels, tires, old tanks, and the like are used as storage devices of this kind. A surface septic tank should be installed where a lot of soil water is concentrated, and near the very surface of the soil. If these problems do not exist, it is recommended to use underground options.

Dimensions

It is important to take into account not only the properties of individual materials, but also the size of septic tanks. When calculating dimensions, we must not forget that the volume is calculated as the total volume of all component parts; it is calculated from the bottom to the pipe entry. In the first compartment, the count is carried out from the bottom point to the overflow device, in the final one - to the place where the liquid is discharged into drainage or filtration structures. It is worth considering that in the initial chambers the average volume of solid accumulation reaches 1/5 of the height. Therefore, it is subtracted if they want to know only the space where the liquid is located.

According to building codes and regulations, even for miniseptic tanks, the daily volume of water per user is 200 liters or 0.2 m3. The smallest storage facility is designed to operate without draining for 72 hours, this allows you to compensate for various incidents and problems. When designing or choosing a solution, it should be remembered that water can be discharged into the soil layers after at least 14 days. Only under this condition will anaerobic bacteria and a settling tank be able to completely neutralize liquid waste. Formally, it turns out that for one person you will have to install a tank with a capacity of 2.8 cubic meters. m.

In practice the situation is different; The standard consumption of the standard volume of water is rarely achieved; sometimes it is half as much. This happens in rarely used houses or among frugal people. And the rising cost of water resources forces us to conserve them more and more. The problem is that when small-volume septic tanks are discovered, sanitary inspection authorities may issue orders for the installation of more powerful systems. And they will be completely right even from a purely practical position!

The reason is simple - wastewater contains many substances that are poorly processed or not absorbed by bacteria at all. Most often these are heavy fats, and therefore only the intake of a large amount of water can achieve normal lightening. This is important not only for compliance with hygiene requirements, but also for keeping the equipment safe and sound. If the filter elements and layers are overfilled with substances that are difficult to decompose, they will lose their throughput. We will immediately have to redo the entire storage and filtering infrastructure.

On the other hand, you need to choose the volume of the chamber, focusing on the capacity of the sewage transport tanks. Small cleaning tanks arriving on call can take no more than 3.75 cubic meters. m. liquid. It is also worth thinking about the depth at which the sludge pump can operate; it does not exceed 3 m. These moments determine the linear parameters of the septic tank inlet chamber. In order for sedimentation and microbiological improvement to occur more effectively, it is recommended to use at least two-chamber complexes whenever possible.

The standardized height of the rings is 90 cm, and with an internal diameter of 1000 mm their volume is 0.7 m3. If the diameter increases by 1.5 times, the volume of the rings already reaches 1.59 m3, and two-meter structures have a volume of 2.83 cubic meters. m. As for the depth of the drain pipes at the entrance to the septic tank, it can be quite different. Excessive lowering is undesirable; it is better to strengthen the insulation layer. But there are other considerations, such as the need to hold the pipes firmly enough.

Removing septic tanks from houses more than 10 m is impractical, and the minimum pipeline slope is 3%. This indicator allows you to avoid freezing of pipes and reduce the risk of them filling with solid particles. The average depth of the waste pipeline reaches 50 cm (together with the insulating block). As a result, the depth of the overflow between the first and second compartments is 700 mm. The top insulation is made with EPS boards at least 5 cm thick.

Taking two meter rings, you can achieve a typical volume of 2.7 m3 with a pair of compartments. If we take concrete products one and a half times larger in size, you can get by with a single-chamber design. But as already mentioned, one should not pursue simplicity here. It should be taken into account that each pipe introduced into the septic tank must end with fittings pointing downwards. Tees that open upward are also used (this helps reduce debris buildup).

Colors

The color of the septic tank can be very different, but in any case you should avoid flashy and irritating shades. Concrete blocks look good on their own. It is recommended to use blue, white or black tones for optimal appearance. The paint for any septic tank must be resistant to harmful wastewater and damage from moving soils. Any most durable and stable composition will be suitable for solving this problem.

Manufacturers and reviews

The production of septic tanks is being improved year after year. Modern technologies allow you to solve any given problem. The leading positions in various ratings are occupied by:

• "Topaz";
• "Mole";
• "Tank";
• "Triton";
• "Cedar";
• "Ecoline".

Version "Tank" designed to combine mechanical and biological methods for clarification of domestic wastewater. The very first fragment of the septic tank is a settling tank; the initially purified liquid moves to the next chamber. There, auxiliary settling occurs and suspended particles precipitate. The third block of the “Tank” contains beneficial microorganisms - this increases efficiency, but also increases the volume of the device.

The Triton brand has such competitive advantages as:

• low cost;
• the ability (with the help of infiltrators) to leave only 2% dirt in the water;
• acquisition of models with a variety of practical properties;
• complete exclusion of unpleasant odors;
• strict compliance with sanitary standards;
• long period of operation in normal mode.

Problems may be associated with the lack of an infiltrator or aeration fields. If there are no such possibilities, the efficiency of the septic tank turns out to be insufficient, and it will not cope with a significant increase in the flow of sewage. Design "Topaz" It is excellently economical and works through aeration and the use of microorganisms. In normal mode, it is possible to purify the liquid by 98%. The developers took care of solid tightness and excellent anti-corrosion characteristics.

To install Topaz, you will have to prepare the pit carefully. A good recess must have special stiffening ribs, this ensures zero risk of deformation. The first compartment is capable of separating solid matter from the wastewater, only then the mixture is purified using oxygen. Purified water can be used in a wide variety of ways. But Topaz is highly dependent on electrical energy.

Firm "DSK" tried to make three-chamber products, where two segments become settling tanks, and the third is equipped with a biological filter. Decomposed and clarified sewage moves into the soil filter layer.

Company "Unilos" focused on increasing the mechanical strength of its products by creating stiffeners on them and using molecular welding. The design of devices of this brand allows you to do without moving parts. The carefully designed 20mm thick wall easily resists soil pressure. The wastewater flows successively through a primary settling tank, an aerobic plant and a secondary settling tank. Removing water from pollutants by 95% allows it to be used for watering agricultural plants. The disadvantages of the system are dependence on the power grid and instability in the cold. In addition, such blocks are very expensive.

Septic tanks "Ecoline" According to the manufacturer, they are the best choice for summer seasonal use. If installed correctly, they can be used regularly. The system has only two cameras, which have no electrical components. The entrance chamber is much larger than the exit chamber, which is responsible for gravitational brightening. Additional purification is carried out in the soil.

The cost-effectiveness of Ecoline does not allow us to consider their septic tanks as the optimal solution. The fact is that the amount of remaining contaminants is as much as 40%. In addition, it will not be possible to use such systems in places with high soil water levels. Without enhanced cleaning by other means, there is a high probability of contamination of soil horizons with microorganisms. Equipment of the Kedr brand certainly requires cleaning with special equipment.

At the inlet, primary filtration is carried out, and the water cleared of sediment passes into the second block, where it is clarified deeper. Then the flow moves up and down, reaching the fixed microflora. The final compartment is responsible for the accumulation of waste.

Finnish manufacturers Uponor and Green Rock deliver products of excellent quality and excellent reliability. The highest characteristics of genuine Scandinavian goods, unlike fakes, do not allow them to be sold cheaply.

Uponor's selection has three main subtypes.

• Products "Sako" They are distinguished by partial sedimentation of sewage and autonomy. A filtration section in the soil must be completed, otherwise the surrounding area will be a very unpleasant place.

• For dachas you can also place products from the series "Bio"(with enhanced chemical and microbiological water purification). Perfectionists will be pleased with Bio Clean products, which are very compact and easy to use.
• "Green Rock" supplies only septic tanks with multi-stage treatment. All equipment of this brand combines the efforts of special reagents and microflora. This technique allows you to develop a local sewer system from scratch and significantly improve the existing one.

The Bio device requires periodic disposal of used filter blocks and special reagents and replacing them with fresh portions. Products from the Sako group do not resist cold well enough. In the most northern regions you will need to either install insulation or choose equipment that is more stable for winter.

Finnish goods are made using seamless technology. This is much more reliable than the Russian approach, which involves connecting prefabricated parts.

Successful examples and options

In addition to choosing the appropriate brands and models of septic tanks, you need to pay attention to the components that complement the cleaning system. The use of devices with a biofilter (colonies of anaerobic organisms) allows you to do without connecting to the electrical network. Microbes can get the energy they need by breaking down organic matter without oxygen. Carbohydrates and various amino acids contained in sewage are broken down into low-molecular compounds that are safe for the natural environment. An anaerobic biological filter is made as a plastic container, divided into fragments of a certain type.

A biological purifier necessarily contains an inert material with a large specific area, which makes it possible to combine the development of microbial colonies and additional mechanical filtration. Organic matter breaks down when passing through the biofilter into simple soluble substances and sludge deposits. The sludge will have to be removed, but in many cases it is used as fertilizer.

Typical fillers:

• expanded clay;
• plastic brushes or meshes;
• granular polymers of a strictly defined fraction.

Typically, the distribution of microbes in biological filters is made uniform over the surface, and if their supply is replenished in a timely manner, it will be possible to ensure stable operation throughout the year. Such filtering does not require any complex technical skills to operate. The systems operate for a long time and odors do not penetrate outside. Safety is completely guaranteed.

In addition to organic filtration means, septic tanks are often equipped with a grease trap. In gravity drains, fatty deposits become a serious hazard and increase the likelihood of blockages and blockages. Grease traps must be installed at production facilities and in places where many people live. Private homeowners do not have such regulations, but it is better to protect your system in advance before problems arise. The design and operating principle are quite simple.

When water penetrates the inlet pipes, the first chamber begins to fill. As this filling occurs, the fat particles rise to the top because they are lighter than water. Next, the fat reaches a special tray, where it gradually accumulates. The liquid released from it moves to another compartment, which ensures the residual breakdown of fats. For this purpose, the most powerful and effective methods are used, and when the equipment finishes its work, the water flows into the drain.

The first sector is saturated with water-insoluble particles. Therefore, the grease trap will need to be removed, washed and cleaned regularly. Industrial devices are easier to clean; there are special drainage pumps or shut-off valves in the bottom for this purpose. Placing a coarse delay filter in front of it helps reduce the likelihood of early contamination of the catching mechanism. Trappers are used most effectively; if the fat is heated more than the water, then it will dissolve in it and float.

Waste separation is sometimes carried out using a physical-chemical method. The essence is the use of special reagents capable of binding single particles into large collections. Such agglomerates can be more easily removed from the liquid by mechanical filters. But even with precipitation cleaning in special chambers or settling tanks, chemical pre-treatment helps improve the result. The flotation method involves the use of special compressors that supply air bubbles to the cleaning chambers.

Fats, in contact with air bubbles, form special films. The bubbles go to the top. This technique works best with significant heating of wastewater, in which the fat is practically dissolved. The mechanical technique consists of using special membranes with finely dispersed cells. The pace of work turns out to be too slow, the filter quickly becomes dirty due to the strong influx of fats.

But the overall efficiency of fat extraction will be very high. The solution is suitable for filtering wastewater regardless of its temperature and degree of dissolution. The coalescent approach relies on the ability of fats to be drawn into specific structures and settle. The emulsified fat in the filter chamber, subject to gravity and surface tension, collects on the surface. At this point, mechanical devices (manual or automatic) can assemble it.

There is another approach - the use of centrifuges. Differences in the molecular weight of water and fats cause different moments of inertia. Therefore, during rotation in the centrifuge, separation of various substances occurs. The body of any grease trap is sealed, but it can always be disassembled. Inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the device.

The lid is made in a removable or opening version, this allows you to:

• maintain the system;
• remove fat;
• evaluate the performance of the system.

The housings are divided into at least two segments, which allow you to receive wastewater, filter it and discharge clean liquid into the waste pipe. Regardless of the design solution, mechanical filtration, an intake apparatus and a liquid level indicator are used. Manual collection accumulated pollution is practical for a private home, where high performance is not needed anyway.

Plastic grease traps are used when it is necessary to neutralize a small amount of wastewater, and therefore they are ideal for domestic purposes. Perfect environmental safety and ease of maintenance allow you not to encounter problems.

Molding and molding of plastics produces a wide range of different shapes. The attachment is made to the pipe itself (in a compact version). For maximum efficiency, free-standing devices are well suited; they are easy and comfortable to use. In addition, in autonomous devices the capacity of the dirt compartment is larger. Fiberglass products are similar to simple plastic ones in their structural diversity.

The susceptibility of fiberglass to all the main reagents found in everyday life and in waste water is very low. The special composition does not affect the lightness, but the rigidity to mechanical damage is very high. Stainless steel grease traps are considered the most durable and stable, effectively resisting chemical and physical destroyers. This technique is mainly in demand in the industrial sector because it tolerates strong heat well. Disadvantage - it is impossible to make a steel grease trap with streamlined contours or with a non-standard configuration; the fees for metal appliances are higher than for other options.

There is one more question - is it worth choosing a two-chamber or single-chamber septic tank. Not a single such device is capable of working on its own; additional cleaning in the ground is required. These are precisely the instructions of the building codes and regulations adopted in the Russian Federation. Septic tanks perform mechanical cleaning of sludge, ferment the sludge itself, and turn it into a mineral composition suitable for fertilizing farmland. The water will be precisely purified in the necessary way, either in one or in several chambers.

But handling sludge is a more delicate matter. In a single section, sedimentation of suspension occurs non-uniformly; closer to the entrance, this process is more intense. When the septic tank is divided into several sectors, this allows you to collect the key mass of the substance in the very first compartment. This will prevent water clogging in subsequent parts and simplify the cleaning process. In addition, the environmental characteristics of the final flow will be the best.

The more sections there are, the more gentle the operating mode of the filter well, underground filtration fields and cleaning trenches will be.

It is almost impossible to clean soil filter systems; you will have to spend a lot of money to update them. Therefore, the increase in the complexity of the septic tank has a positive effect on the convenience and comfort of consumers. It is important to take into account that septic tank equipment with microbiological cleaning forces you to use only detergents that are safe for microorganisms. In addition, at temperatures of 4 degrees and below, microbial activity is zero, and therefore the cleaning efficiency drops sharply.

When choosing the point where the treatment plant will be installed, a number of sanitary restrictions must be taken into account.

• They should not be brought closer than 5 m to the foundations of a residential building. The gap to the foundations of non-residential buildings and their ground structures is at least 1 m.
• The distance to a well or a replacement well drilled in clay soil is at least 20 m. If the ground is composed of sandy rocks, this gap increases to 50 m.
• You can bring the septic tank closer to the road at most 5 m, and there should be at least 100 cm to any type of fence.

It is very important to prepare the place in such a way that a car with a pump can drive there. As an option, it is practiced to equip the container with a fecal pump. The sludge extracted from the outside can be used as vegetable and garden fertilizer. A capacity of 150-200 liters for each resident allows you to confidently use bathrooms and toilets, a washing machine, and wash dishes.

The gap from the cover to the wastewater surface should be the same as the depth of soil freezing. The entire calculated volume must be placed below this mark. The higher the temperature, the better the sewage will be processed by microbes. The geometric shape of the septic tank is not particularly important; it is not reflected in the level of operating efficiency and quality of wastewater treatment. But there is another consideration - round equipment allows you to save construction materials.

When using brick, a rounded structure will help to use 10-15% fewer blocks. Rounding allows you to better tolerate the load that occurs when the soil moves. It is advisable to make monolithic two-chamber systems in the form of a square or rectangle. Such forms make it easier to obtain formwork where concrete needs to be poured. Filled elements can be made with your own hands, and it is only slightly more expensive than simple brick elements.

When board panels are placed on both sides, the pits must be made 0.4 - 0.5 m wider than the size of the tank (including the walls). If you plan to pour the solution into the gaps between the soil and formwork, digging a pit is carried out according to the external dimensions of the septic tank. When calculating the cost of work, you need to take into account the fee for removing the extracted soil. It is quite possible to get by with planar reinforcement. But bulky reinforcing frames will be completely redundant for a septic tank; they will only complicate installation and increase its cost.

To learn how to make a septic tank at your dacha with your own hands, see below.

Owners of private houses often face the problem of wastewater disposal due to the lack of a centralized sewage system outside the city. For a long time, the only solution was to dig a cesspool, but using it is quite inconvenient and expensive. Nowadays, they are mainly trying to install an autonomous wastewater treatment unit - a septic tank for a summer residence, but which septic tank is better to choose for specific conditions often remains a difficult question.

Together with the technical specialists of the EcoDom company, in this article we will examine in detail the question of which septic tank is right for you and discuss the best options based on the problems that it should solve.

The cesspool or storage septic tank will have to be cleaned regularly

What are septic tanks and what are they?

Some people mistakenly call a septic tank a complete set of treatment equipment. In fact, this is only part of the treatment facility, which acts as a storage tank and primary filter for wastewater containing a large amount of biomaterials that require disposal.

There are quite a lot of types of septic tanks created and each of them has its own pros and cons. Therefore, before purchasing, you need to take into account the soil on which the country house stands, the amount of water consumed and, of course, the budget that can be allocated for the purchase and installation.

Video description

Briefly about septic tanks in the video:

Also on initial stage you need to decide on the type of device - purchase a non-volatile septic tank or one that has a forced supply of wastewater (volatile). The first, by and large, are ordinary tanks for surface (within 60%) mechanical treatment of wastewater, and the second are equipped with a pump and a set of additional filters, after which the output is process water that is 95-98% purified.

Septic tanks with a full cleaning cycle and a storage well for process water

You can correctly decide which septic tank to choose - for year-round use or one that can work effectively even with periodic supply of wastewater on your own, since there is enough information. Many people turn to the Internet for help with queries such as rating of septic tanks for a country house 2017, to get acquainted with various ratings of septic tanks. But if you have doubts about the correct choice, then the best option would be to turn to professionals. They will take into account all the nuances and select the appropriate option, tailored to solve specific problems.

Cleaning steps

Wastewater goes through several stages of purification in a septic tank:

Stage of accumulation and settling. This stage consists of collecting waste in a special container, where it is separated into fractions by settling at a temperature of about 20 degrees. Solid particles in the form of sediment fall to the bottom, fatty deposits float to the surface, and fumes (carbon dioxide and methane) are removed through ventilation. At this stage, partial stratification of wastewater occurs, which is then sent to the next container;

Secondary filtration stage. Its goal is to purify the mixture to approximately 75%. At this stage, the solution is purified using a separate filter consisting of a sorbent layer of about 20 centimeters. In some septic tanks, for proper operation, the sorbent must be washed and reactivated annually;

Stages of wastewater treatment in septic tanks

Solid deposits settled in containers are pumped out with a pump or removed mechanically.

Operating principle

Technically, two types of waste disposal are used: anaerobic (without access of air) and aerobic (decomposition with the participation of bacteria that require oxygen for life).

Septic tanks have an anaerobic mechanism of action, which perform the functions of a storage tank or settling tank. Such cleaning systems without installation additional equipment They carry out only primary clarification of wastewater and require frequent pumping with a sewer machine.

Important! According to sanitary standards, the discharge of liquid from anaerobic septic tanks into the soil is prohibited.

This option is suitable for rarely visited summer cottages or private houses with a small number of inhabitants. The cost of such a structure is low, installation does not require much effort, and operation does not require constant flow of wastewater into the chambers

The principle of operation of an anaerobic septic tank

Colonies of active bacteria are often added to such septic tanks, which help filter wastewater better than with conventional anaerobic purification.

The aerobic mechanism of action is carried out by local purification stations of biological action. Colonies are placed in such septic tanks aerobic bacteria, which effectively purify wastewater.

Unlike anaerobic crops, they multiply quickly, have a wide variety of species, and are also more tenacious and active. Recycling is much faster, and the output water is practically non-toxic.

For the normal functioning of these septic tanks, the installation of aerators is required, which will supply the oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. Also, aerobic systems must constantly work - if within 2-3 weeks there is no new effluent entering the chamber, the bacteria will die and their cultures will have to be replanted.

It's obvious that best septic tank for a country house - aerobic. But it all depends on the budget, since cleaning stations of this type are more expensive.

Scheme of operation of a septic tank for aerobic treatment

What materials are septic tanks made from?

An important aspect when buying a septic tank is the choice of material from which it is made. Most often, when ordering a ready-made septic tank, it is made from polymer materials.

In addition, the following materials are used for the manufacture of a local cleaning system:

Metal structures. Rarely used due to susceptibility to corrosion, general impracticality and inconvenience of use;

Concrete. Monolithic structures are used as reservoirs. This option requires considerable investment of money and time; Mainly used when constructing septic tanks with your own hands;

Fiberglass structures are the most suitable and frequently used material.

Also, septic tanks can be made from scrap materials (barrels, tires) yourself, but this option is only suitable for small country houses.

Homemade small septic tanks for a summer residence - from tires and concrete rings

You can save on purchasing a cleaning unit by ordering from the manufacturer. The most expensive on the market are septic tanks with additional equipment for complete biological wastewater treatment.

Volatile and non-volatile septic tanks

According to the degree of their autonomy, cleaning systems are divided into:

Non-volatile (autonomous) septic tanks are settling tanks for the accumulation and clarification of wastewater. Such installations require periodic pumping of waste using a sewer truck. They have a low degree of purification and require additional ground filtration, for which it is necessary to allocate a plot of land. Positive aspects include low cost and independence from electricity;

Volatile septic tanks are the complete opposite of non-volatile structures. Thanks to the design and additional equipment, wastewater in such systems undergoes a full cycle of processing and purification, which eliminates the need for maintenance. Disadvantages include the cost of installation, as well as dependence on electricity. During a lack of power supply, the degree of purification of sewage water decreases, and the septic tank acts as a septic tank.

A pump and an aerator are essential components of a volatile septic tank.

Criteria for choosing a cleaning system for a country house

Before choosing a suitable septic tank, you need to consider the following aspects:

The number of people living in the house - the power of the entire device depends on this;

The material from which the septic tank is made determines its wear resistance and resistance to aggressive influences;

The terrain where the structure will be installed and the height of groundwater;

The complexity of installing a sewage treatment system - in terms of installation cost, septic tanks with a filtration field are in the lead, and the most profitable in this regard are biological treatment stations - their container simply needs to be buried in the ground;

Own budget.

On our website you can find contacts of companies specializing in septic tanks and autonomous sewers for country houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Video description

About septic tanks without pumping in the video:

Popular factory-assembled septic tanks

To make it easier to decide on a suitable device, the following is an overview of septic tanks for a country house:

Sprout mini

Simple and reliable option for private houses. A capacity of about 200 liters per day is enough for stable operation of the sewage system when two people live in a house.

Septic tank "Rostok-Mini" in section

It is entirely made of polymer material without the use of metal inserts and has a capacity of 1000 liters. The one-piece design of the cleaning system allows for complete tightness. Installation of this septic tank model will not cause any difficulties, since it weighs less than 3 kilograms and is cylindrical in shape. This design prevents groundwater from pushing it out of the soil while pumping out the contents. As for the cost, it is about 25,000 rubles;

Aster

This model of cleaning system is very popular on the Russian market. It can be classified as a premium type of septic tank. Such structures are made of polymer materials and have good performance indicators, since the throughput is 1 cubic meter per day. Astra performs high-level wastewater treatment due to the presence of filters with anaerobic and aerobic mechanisms of action. The option is designed for country houses where no more than 5 people live. The disadvantages of such a cleaning system include its cost, which reaches about 80,000 rubles;

Installed septic tank "Astra"

Bioxi

It is a high-quality, energy-independent septic tank made of polymer materials, which is quite popular among domestic buyers. It has performance and throughput indicators similar to the Astra model. This cleaning system is equipped with a compressor that ensures the movement of wastewater through the system, as well as a special pump unit, which flushes the channels automatically. Disadvantages include frequent failure of additional equipment. The purchase price of such a septic tank is about 90,000 rubles;

Installation of a septic tank "Bioxi"

This cleaning system is designed to serve no more than 4 people. Made from sheet polymer materials. Having average performance indicators, it is capable of passing through about 200 liters of wastewater per day. This septic tank has a four-chamber structure, which gives it a high degree of filtration. Installation is carried out in places where the groundwater level is 2 meters or deeper. However, the model range allows you to choose the right option for any terrain. The combination of price and quality allows the DKS sewer system to compete with other models on the market. Its cost is 20,000 rubles;

Scheme of operation of the septic tank "DKS"

Leader

The septic tank has a compact size, stable and reliable design. The body is made of special polyethylene. A high degree of wastewater treatment is achieved thanks to a four-chamber structure, each of which undergoes a specific processing process. A wide range of models allows you to serve 2-16 people daily, depending on the design. This septic tank requires cleaning the system once a year. The throughput is 400-3000 liters per day, and the productivity is 0.2-3.6 cubic meters / day, it all depends on the chosen model. Cost – from 75,000 – 200,000 rubles;

Delivery of septic tank “Leader”

Tank

This septic tank is endowed with a specific appearance, and its outer shell has a ribbed structure, which contributes to better fixation in the soil after installation country septic tank. The “Tank” type sewerage system is a three-chamber system of blocks and modules. Such a station does not require pumping out waste using a sewer truck, as it is completely autonomous. Due to its low cost and long service life, the septic tank Tank is in great demand. Installation of the system is done manually and does not require pouring the base of the pit with concrete. Designed for both seasonal use at dachas and permanent use in country houses. Price – 40–80 thousand rubles;

The “Tank” septic tank has a specific recognizable shape

Tver

It is made of durable polymer materials, which reduces the weight of the entire structure, and stiffening ribs add reliability to it. A special feature of this septic tank is the horizontal position of the tanks. The device has a high degree of wastewater treatment and is equipped with additional equipment that requires connection to electricity. Does not require constant care. This septic tank is suitable for any type of soil. Disadvantages include high cost and dependence on electricity. The price is 70,000 – 140,000 rubles;

Installed septic tank "Tver"

Topas

One of the leaders in the cleaning systems market, from the EcoDom company. It is distinguished by a high degree of purification (98%) due to a special four-chamber design, as well as the use of colonies of microorganisms as filters. The septic tank has compact dimensions and rectangular shape housing, making it easier to install. Installation can be carried out in any type of soil. The structure does not require frequent maintenance and pumping out waste using a sewer truck. The range of models is wide and can satisfy the needs of both country houses and dachas, as well as large enterprises. The cost is 80,000 - 300,000 rubles;

What you will need to install a Topas septic tank

Poplar

In production, polymer materials that are resistant to temperature changes are used. Septic tanks of this type have a long service life, high productivity and throughput (up to 3300 liters per day). The capacity of the system tanks is up to 5200 liters. The disadvantage of such installations is their dependence on electricity. Suitable for use in large country houses and industrial buildings. The price for a septic tank “Topol” is 70,000 – 170,000 rubles;

Two-block septic tank “Topol”

Triton

It is made of a double layer of polymer material that is not susceptible to corrosion and rotting products. This septic tank has a wide range of models. It is characterized by a long service life, a high degree of purification of sewage water and low cost. Requires cleaning every 1-2 years. Disadvantages: installation of additional equipment and frequent replacement of filters is required. Ideal for a small country house. Prices vary depending on the model: 30,000 – 85,000 rubles;

Three-chamber septic tank "Triton"

Ecoline

Made from special durable polyethylene. Septic tanks of this type are highly efficient in wastewater treatment. The volume of models can vary from 1500 to 4800 liters. Suitable for seasonal use by a small group of people and permanent residence in a country house. It has a reliable and durable cylindrical design. This cleaning system consists of 2-3 chambers. Model range is presented in designs with different performance and throughput, which allows you to choose the appropriate option for any need. The cost of Ecoline is 55,000 rubles;

Double-body septic tank "Ecoline"

Elgad C 1400

The best model from the “mini” class, which is ideal for seasonal use in the countryside. It has compact dimensions and a stable design. The capacity of this sewer system is 1400 liters. This septic tank is designed to serve up to 3 people. The body is made of polymer material, and its inner part is coated with a layer of anti-corrosion substance. Despite the tightness and integrity of the structure, such a cleaning system does not hold well unpleasant odors. The cost is about 35,000 rubles.

Septic tank "Elgad S 1400" and its modifications

This is not full rating septic tanks for the home - there are still quite a lot of models of such devices, both domestic and foreign, but in general their design, principle of operation and price do not differ from those listed.

Video description

A few more words about choosing a septic tank in the video:

Conclusion

Depending on your budget, you can make a cleaning system yourself from available materials, or order a ready-made version from sales representatives or the manufacturer. The option to study the ratings of the best septic tanks for a country house is not always right choice, since you need to take into account all the features of your site and the requirements for it.

A correctly selected and correctly installed septic tank will create the conditions necessary for comfortable stay in a country house.

When building a residential building, they simultaneously design a sewer system, most often an independent one. If previously sewage was dumped into a cesspool, now septic tanks are replacing it everywhere. These are progressive devices for purifying household wastewater, which are an airtight vessel divided into chambers in which wastewater is first settled, then processed by microorganisms, and then filtered.

A huge selection of drain cleaners on the market raises the question of which septic tank is better for a home with permanent residence, and which one is more suitable for the conditions country house.

The main element of a closed (local) sewerage system is classified according to various criteria. Based on the number of wells, one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks are distinguished. They are made of steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass, and equipped with suitable materials.
The following is a classification of septic tanks by design features. Depending on the range of functions implemented, there are three types of septic tanks for homes.

1. Cumulative. It includes one chamber or two communicating wells. The waste in a sealed storage tank is separated into liquid and dense fractions, organic matter is broken down, and the liquid with suspensions settles. To avoid overfilling of the vessels, sewage is pumped out from time to time. You can use the storage tank as a basis when installing an inexpensive country septic tank. This technical solution acceptable , if residents come to the house only on weekends (pumping will have to be done once a year).
2. A settling tank with a soil post-treatment compartment. This is a reservoir delimited into chambers without a bottom (infiltrators), which play the role of aeration platforms (filtration fields). The chambers contain activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of wastewater.
3. Installation for deep cleaning. In it, waste is decomposed in stages, using various methods. First, the solid fraction settles, then comes the stage of bioprocessing of organic matter. Progressive cleaning units of this group are equipped with a compressor. The method is expensive, but very effective: up to 95% of wastewater goes into a neutral state, and sewage has to be removed no more than once every 5-7 years. It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station if the house is being built next to a river or pond.

In order for the local sewage system to function more actively, it is recommended to equip a private home with an anaerobic septic tank. It involves the colonization of special bacteria in the primary purification tank that feed on organic matter and have no need for oxygen. This approach speeds up the disinfection and dissolution of wastewater.

If you remove a pipe from the after-treatment tank to communicate with the atmosphere or connect an air compressor, you can get an aerobic septic tank.

To do this, it is inhabited by microorganisms that process organic matter when oxygen is available. Biological decomposition of waste by two types of bacteria allows you to bring wastewater to the state of industrial water.

When organizing wastewater treatment, an inevitable question arises: how to choose a septic tank for your home? To answer this, the problem must be analyzed from several perspectives.

1.Factory product or homemade design . In the second case, the cleaner is made from tires, concrete rings, and bricks. But such a model is permissible only under the condition of periodic or seasonal residence in the house.

A comparison of septic tanks produced at the factory and those manufactured in-house in terms of duration and safety of operation convincingly proves: for household needs, it is better to prefer a purchased installation, which, in combination with proper installation, guarantees full compliance with building and environmental standards.

Stations with a high percentage of filtration allow you to discharge purified water into any body of water.

It is not practical to use such a septic tank for a summer house or a detached cottage, but it can be purchased for a village or street. For an individual user, a two-chamber or two-capacity septic tank is more suitable. The first option collects wastewater and performs its primary purification, the second filters the liquid part and releases water into the ground. Effluent treated with two-chamber units is not allowed to be discharged into water bodies.

2. Material. It also determines the choice of a septic tank for a country house, affecting its service life and reliability.

• Reinforced concrete. The rings, manufactured according to the technical process in accordance with the standards, do not corrode and have great strength, but their installation will not be possible without special equipment.
• Metal. The advantages of steel containers are mechanical strength and affordable price, but the main disadvantage is increased corrosion. From the inside, the walls of the tank are constantly in contact with the chemically active liquid, and on the outside - with the soil. In order for a metal septic tank to last longer, waterproofing will be required. Installation of a massive tank is impossible without lifting equipment.
• Polymer. Plastic septic tanks are in demand due to their low weight and relative cheapness. The disadvantage of the design is instability: during installation the container must be constantly held in a vertical position. Most polymers are susceptible to damage by rodents and cracking when exposed to low temperatures.
• Fiberglass. Along with chemical neutrality, it also has other positive qualities: durable, lightweight, and does not respond to temperature fluctuations. The most durable and practical septic tanks for a country house are made from fiberglass.

3.Groundwater depth and soil type. If a single-chamber model is selected, groundwater must flow deeper than the bottom of the tank. For safe use for the multi-chamber version, they should be 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter).

If the water is located at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip drainage fields for three-section septic tanks, especially on waterproof ones clay soils. Here are some tips for specific conditions.

• Sandy soil. A unit with biological treatment is recommended, upon completion of which the water directly turns into sand. The filtration field is located higher.
• Clay. In addition to bacterial purification, the wastewater must pass through a sand filter. The purified liquid from the septic tank is discharged directly onto the ground.
• High surface water line. The best option– a polymer septic tank with bio-treatment, specially weighted or fixed to prevent floating.

4. Volume of the vessel and its dimensions. The capacity is calculated based on the average daily wastewater per person (with a standard set of plumbing fixtures - 200 liters), the number of residents and a three-day supply. If there are four in a family, the volume of the septic tank is calculated as follows:

200*4 people*3 days. = 2400 liters

If a country mansion is often visited by guests, the result obtained is increased by 2/3: 2400 * 1.66 = 3900 liters. Optimal depth tank - from 1.3 to 3.5 m.

Depending on the resulting cubic capacity, according to Table 1, a septic tank model is selected.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house and cottage

Dacha for occasional holidays

If residents visit the house on weekends, and there is little plumbing equipment in the home, then a productive complex that processes wastewater is not required. Dacha owners often choose inexpensive, low-performance single-chamber drives. Unlike a cesspool, they are filled with sand and crushed stone filter layers, providing 50% purification.

Following the advice of experts, it is better to prefer a small two-chamber mini-septic tank with sedimentation and infiltration sections. If the volume of wastewater is not higher than the standard (certificate), then such equipment perfectly performs the functions assigned to it.

Before choosing a compact septic tank for your dacha, get acquainted with its features:

• mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, populated with anaerobic biomaterial (after processing the organic matter, the liquid is filtered in a well, then enters the soil);
• sewer storage tanks are made of reinforced polyethylene, resistant to frost;
• compact products are delivered to their destination in a passenger car; a construction truck crane is not required for loading;
• You can install a septic tank alone.

Country house for permanent residence

For a family with an average income, the best septic tank for a country house is a unit with two or three sections (factory-made or built from reinforced concrete rings). This is a combination of a one- or two-chamber storage tank and a septic tank filter. The first two wells (settlements) are sealed, and the third is without a bottom; a layer of sand and crushed stone is poured into it.

When the settling tanks are filled, a sewer is called in to clean the septic tank, and the filter components are changed every three years. A multi-chamber septic tank cleans drains by an average of 90%.

Which septic tank to choose for a country house in order to make the drains cleaner and call the sewer less often?

1. Septic tank with filtration field. This is a complex that combines 2-3 wells and a drainage zone (it requires an underground area of ​​at least 30 m2). The minimum gap between the field and the house is 30 m.
2. Multi-section septic tank with biofilter. This is the answer to the question of which septic tank is better for a country house and cottage if there are permanent residents and taking into account the high limit of groundwater passage. The model, manufactured industrially, consists of 4 sections: