Today, a fairly new, but quite popular material for the construction of residential buildings is wooden brick. This shining example excellent value for money.

The range of building materials has been updated very frequently lately. Manufacturers are trying to take into account the wishes of customers, so more and more environmentally friendly building materials are appearing from which a house can be built. The cost of production also plays a huge role. In conditions of fierce competition, we have to invent eco-materials according to affordable price. These are the products that are in greatest demand among the general consumer.

Features of wooden bricks

What is called wooden brick resembles a standard building material only in its convenient shape. Otherwise it is pure wood that has been cut to a specific size. That is, to make wooden bricks they cut wooden beam, after which it is used for laying walls. In my own way appearance This is a wooden brick block, but it must have special locks with which installation is carried out.

Most often on sale you can find wooden bricks made from coniferous species tree. At the same time, the wood must undergo certain processing, after which the brick becomes so durable that it is ideal for many situations in the construction of houses. It is worth noting that the material is thoroughly dried so that its moisture content is no more than 10%. In addition, the surface must be mechanically treated and thoroughly polished.

The result is an excellent building material that is not only environmentally friendly and durable, but also very convenient to use. Finished walls made of wooden bricks do not require additional processing. The facade and interior of the wall will look just great. If desired, you can use additional finishing materials, but this makes no sense, since the view natural wood always relevant. This is a classic that always looks great.

The peculiarity of wooden bricks is that, if necessary, the buyer can order any format. If the construction project requires this, then you can order from the manufacturer exactly the form that will be most suitable.

Pros and cons of wooden bricks

With the appearance on the market of building materials such as wooden bricks, many craftsmen immediately solved several problems. First of all, it is worth noting that in this case there is no need to wait a long time for the wooden structure to stand and shrink. As a rule, when a log house is built, this is exactly what happens. A house made of wooden bricks will not shrink, so you only need to install windows and doors, after which you can begin finishing work. Most often, they are carried out only from the inside, and from the outside, the most that would be appropriate is the use of wax.

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Wooden houses made from this material are dry, they are not subject to deformation, so you can immediately move in and live in them. Moreover, such building material is cheaper than many others and does not require the use of special equipment and various additional materials, such as sealants, plaster mixtures.

If a master is going to build a house from wooden bricks with his own hands, he needs to be prepared to purchase rigid pillars that will be the main building. Without them, the house can simply fold up like a card house. Most often, glued laminated timber is used for this, which is highly durable and inexpensive.

But this option also has several disadvantages - this concerns the fact that the house is not very warm. Therefore, wooden bricks are not suitable for the construction of buildings in harsh climates. In addition, experts do not recommend building large and multi-storey buildings, since the block-brick may not withstand such a load.

Nevertheless, this type of building materials is widely used in our time, including for the construction of buildings with their own hands. Wooden brick is ideal for the construction of small residential buildings and cottages, as well as gazebos, fences, and partitions in the apartment.

What you need to know about working with wooden bricks?

If a master is going to build a house, he needs to draw up a design for the building. Based on this, the type and size of the wooden brick will be selected. The material can be ordered from professional manufacturers or made by yourself. But the latter option is quite complex and requires special knowledge and equipment. Therefore, it will be much more convenient and cheaper to simply order a suitable brick at the factory.

Working with this material is very simple, but the master must have some knowledge in the field of construction. The brick must be laid correctly, that is, observing all the requirements for working with this material.

When building the walls of a house, it is necessary to lay bricks in rows - this is the most important condition, since without order the wall will not be strong enough.

The blocks must be laid edgewise on the lock. Every three blocks a transverse ligation is needed.

At proper operation and laying wooden bricks between the inner and external wall there will be a small gap. It is suitable for thermal insulation. In the case of wooden bricks ideal option there will be sawdust.

But in any case, even with the most better thermal insulation, such houses turn out to be quite cold. Therefore, it is not recommended to build them very large, especially in those regions where there are severe frosts.

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Construction technology frame houses involves the construction of a supporting structure in the form of a wooden or metal frame, which is then sheathed various materials, and insulation is laid between the skins. Houses made of timber or log houses are built differently - here the walls of the house itself are load-bearing. But there is a technology that combines some of the features of wood and frame construction. We are talking about building material - wooden hollow blocks(DPB); and also about the system of elemental wooden structures(DEC). This new technology, significantly simplifying the construction of walls, ceilings and roofs.

Wooden hollow blocks are made using the same technology as laminated veneer lumber. They are based on wooden planks size 108×64 or 108×32 mm. Immediately after cutting they are sent to drying chamber to bring the moisture content of the material to 10-12%. After this, lamellas with a total length of up to 12 m are glued together from the planks. These lamellas are planed and profiled, after which blanks of building blocks are glued from them - a pair per piece. The cuttings of the lamellas are not thrown away, but are used as spacers (embedded elements) inside the block. Then, the blanks are cut into finished building blocks of the required length and treated with an antiseptic drug.

You can build a house or utility room from DPB. The construction technology is as follows. Waterproofing tapes are laid on the foundation, and on top of them are backing boards (glued), pre-treated with a bioprotective agent. Backing boards are secured to the foundation with anchors. The first crown made of DPB is securely fixed to the backing boards with cap screws. Each of the block lamellas has a longitudinal groove on top, into which a special sealing tape (PSUL) is placed. The next block is mounted on the previous one - the result is a stable and windproof structure. The blocks are also fastened together with wood screws. The blocks are protected from horizontal displacement by wooden strip pins in the form of boards, the width of which coincides with the width of the groove between the slats. Dowels are inserted into this groove, capturing several blocks at once, and the longer it is, the higher the vertical rigidity of the wall.

Collecting adjacent crowns, corner blocks are laid long sides in opposite directions so that the joints are ligated. The assembled wall will be hollow inside. This cavity is used for insulation. Ecowool is most often used as insulation, which is simply blown into the cavity without using any additional fasteners. The heat transfer resistance of such a wall is about 3 m².°C/W.

The floors between floors in a house made of wooden hollow blocks can be made with I-beams, the ends of which are inserted into specially cut grooves. The space between the beams is filled with short boards, which rest on the lower flange of the I-beam, thus creating a roll-up of the subfloor. A vapor barrier film is laid on top of this roll; on top of it is mineral wool, and again a vapor barrier.

The supporting frame of the roof is assembled from rafter legs, which rest on the wall blocks from below, and on the ridge girder from above. The gaps between the rafters from below are sewn up with short ceiling boards. A vapor barrier is placed on top of them. The insulation is laid directly between the rafters, and a diffusion membrane is laid on top of it, but in such a way that after the wooden roofing deck is built, there remains ventilation gap. The ridge is made ventilated on site using construction methods.

The system of wooden hollow blocks consists of two parts - wall and corner elements. This is enough to assemble rectangular boxes at home. L-shaped corner blocks differ in left and right. Ridge purlins, floor beams, rafters, as well as glued backing boards are manufactured to order.

In appearance, a house made of DPB will look like timber. However, the walls are much warmer due to a layer of ecowool, the thermal conductivity of which is lower than that of wood. In the manufacture of DPB, 40% less solid wood is used than timber of the same size. The weight of a house made of hollow wood blocks is approaching the weight of frame house. At the same time, there is no frame itself, the manufacture of which takes a lot of lumber. The rigidity of a DPB structure is not inferior to that of a house made of timber. All elements are firmly connected to each other, and the structure as a whole is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts.

Construction of houses from wooden elemental structures

Wooden element structures (WEC) consist of elements that are many similar to the wooden hollow blocks described above, but they have a number of differences. The DEK system contains everything necessary for building a house. Wall blocks There are also those connected under a blunt one. There are special blocks for floors and roofing. In essence, this is an improved DPB system. But the side slats are made not from laminated wood, but from solid spruce, pine or larch - your choice. In reality, these are no longer lamellas, but profiled vertical boards (PVD).

Unlike DPB, DEK fencing boards are inside have a comb that helps stabilize the dimensions of the profile board when humidity changes. Profile board has the same width equal to 135 mm. Thickness varies depending on where the element is used. It can be 35 or 45 mm.

The thickness of a wall erected using the DEK system can be from 285 to 400 mm. After filling the internal voids with ecowool, the structure acquires a heat transfer resistance of 4.8...8.0 m².°C/W.

Floor elements are made of profiled boards with a section of 135×35 mm. With a thickness of 265 mm and filled with insulation, their heat transfer resistance is about 4.2 m².°C/W. The roofing elements consist of an outer board with a cross-section of 135x35 mm, and a board facing inward with a cross-section of 135x45 mm. Their width is 275 mm, and when filled with ecowool, it gives a heat transfer resistance of 4.8 m².°C/W.

The DEK system provides for the connection of all types structural elements using a polyester flight tie. This tape is usually used to wrap corrugated cardboard packages. It can withstand tensile strength up to 750 kg. The tape does not rot, does not stretch over time and does not release harmful substances. In the DEK system, it is used to fasten blocks together, capturing at least 4 embedded elements in each row. At the same time it is pulled special tool with a force of 500-600 kgf, simultaneously soldering the ends. During heating, the tension weakens somewhat, but ultimately remains at the level of 300-400 kgf, which is more than enough.

The system of wooden element structures allows the construction of ridgeless roofs. Load-bearing elements are the blocks themselves. There are holes in their embedded elements that allow, if it is necessary to obtain greater rigidity, to tighten the blocks with steel pins.

Wooden hollow blocks can be used not only as wall material, but also as a decorative heat-insulating layer for combined construction. For example, load-bearing walls can be built from half-stone foam blocks, and the outside can be lined with wooden blocks with or without ecowool filling.

Advantages of ecowool insulation

The described construction technologies are especially best combined with ecowool insulation. Theoretically, the cavities inside the blocks can be filled with other insulation materials, for example, liquid polyurethane foam. However, ecowool in this case is more profitable. Firstly, ecowool is cheaper (1800 rubles per 1 m³); secondly, it is vapor permeable, which allows you to get the comfort of a wooden house; thirdly, in case of fire it does not emit toxic substances (class G2).

The hollow structure of walls made of DPB or DEC allows, after filling with ecowool, to create an almost continuous insulation contour. In addition, the technology of applying ecowool itself makes it possible to quickly and without a single fastening element carry out thermal insulation work.

Ecowool is made from cellulose. It is a product of recycled waste paper. IN frame houses Mineral wool is often used, which has to be vapor-insulated from the inside. As a result, the water vapor formed inside has nowhere to go and can only escape through ventilation. Such houses have to be well ventilated, and this is fraught with significant heat loss.

IN wooden house With ecowool insulation there is no problem with steam escaping. Both wood, and especially ecowool, do not interfere with the natural diffusion of steam, so there is always a healthy microclimate in the house. Let me remind you that high humidity leads to the formation of mold and unpleasant odor. In a room where the humidity is above 60%, it is difficult to achieve a feeling of comfortable temperature. It's either cold or hot there.

Materials for construction wooden houses not so much. But scientists are thinking about new products. So in America, a method of small wooden blocks was patented. Our compatriot improved and modified wooden bricks and even built such a house. Wooden brick may be an innovation that will change the way we look at wooden houses and will make construction inexpensive and quick. What kind of material is this, and what wooden buildings can you assemble it from it?

High technologies in woodworking and design have changed modern wooden houses. Among the most important are the variety of architectural solutions, comfort, assembly time, reduction of labor costs, etc. Domestic wooden houses, despite high cost, are increasingly interesting to buyers. New technologies for wooden house construction are interesting not only here, but also abroad: Europe, America, Japan.

It was patented in America more than 20 years ago new method when the walls are assembled from small wooden blocks. Waste from a local timber processing factory was used for production, and high technology weren't even used. But the inventor built a house from such bricks and the innovation was not developed further. There was no widespread publicity for a number of reasons:

1. The assembly method was not worked out, it is clear that the author assembled the walls simply by selection, for luck;
2. The purpose of such an assembly: to reduce the cost of personal construction without pursuing ambitious and greedy interests;
3. It was not possible to introduce the technology into production due to the lack of proper equipment; we remind you that this was 20 years ago;
4. No one bothered to promote this invention, and the technology caused mistrust among specialists.

IN modern world An analogue of the invention is already used in domestic and European industry, for example, the Baltic Architect enterprise began producing similar bricks in 2013. But the invention was actually patented in Russia by a simple architect who was looking for a method to simplify and reduce the cost of wooden house construction by Sergei Aleksandrovich Lichin in 2012.

What is wood brick?

Wooden bricks are made from solid wood on high-precision machines. The block dimensions can be from 150 to 950 mm in length and 100 or 150 mm in height. The design is a block profiled on four sides with comb-shaped locks in a wave-like shape at the ends of the edges and on two technical sides. The profile depth can be 45 or 70 mm.

This design makes it possible to firmly connect the parts to each other and not separate during operation. And comb-shaped locks prevent wind and cold air from penetrating inside, making the walls airtight.

The method of assembling the walls is also interesting, since for any wall thickness the material consumption will be the same.

What horizons does the use of wooden bricks reveal?

1. Often, material with a larger cross-section is not completely dried, and the buyer overpays for chamber drying. The wooden brick parts are small and drying will take a short time. By purchasing small details You can count on the buyer to receive chamber drying.
2. There will be practically no internal stress in small parts, so the walls will not crack when the house shrinks.
3. Dried bricks do not lose their correct geometric shape.
4. Production is less expensive, since it is easy to select the required part of the array for production.
5. For processing small wooden parts no need for expensive and massive equipment. And it’s easier to transport small parts to the construction site.
6. There is no need to hire a large team to assemble a house. Even one master can handle laying small blocks.
7. Small parts make it possible to assemble the wall yourself complex shape with multiple angles and slopes.
8. Can be made from timber production residues.

Specifics of assembling log walls from wooden blocks

Assembling walls from wooden bricks can also be called an invention. The log house is made according to the principle of hollow walls. Installation takes place along a continuous multi-tiered chain, with binding. Wooden spacers with profiled ends are placed in the void between two walls. Spacers serve as a ligament between the outer and internal wall Houses. They are attached in a certain sequence and in the required places.

The walls need to be assembled on a support beam, which is placed on the foundation. The first tier is attached to the beam using clamping bars. The pressure bars are connected to metal plates on which the tensioners are attached.

Tensioners in the design can be track or rod. They are mounted inside the structure and create additional vertical load. From below, the tensioner is attached to the foundation using anchor bolts. Mount the tensioners after complete assembly log walls.

This new design provides certain qualities of a wooden frame:

1. During installation there is no need to use adhesives, spacer insulation or fasteners. The tightness of the connection is ensured by comb profiles, and the vertical loads are adjusted by tensioners. They also add stability to the walls.
2. There is no need to install additional frames under windows and doors, since the structure of internal partitions and small wooden bricks creates a base of solid wood that will not sag or warp.
3. If you increase the size of the internal void in the wall, the wall thickness will change from 300 to 600 mm. At the same time, the consumption of wooden bricks will not change.
4. For production, you can use wood from any tree. And when assembling, for example, a sauna, you can make the inner part of the wall from expensive larch, and the outer part from pine. At the same time, the internal space reduces heat loss by 2-3 times, so any type of wood can be used for construction.
5. Emptiness in the hay gives additional opportunity easily hide the wiring or water pipes. And even sawdust can be used as insulation.
6. When there is a difference in temperature in the house and outside, a shift in the internal and external wall relative to each other, as for example, with the system double beam. But this will not happen when using wooden bricks, since a special gap in the profile of 10-20 mm protects the walls from deformation load. Another addition against deformation is internal struts near window and door openings.

Using high technology, you can virtually design any shape of a wooden block and assemble a house or bathhouse project from it. Wood blocks can be produced from waste from any wood processing industry. Several companies that have picked up the idea of ​​building houses from wooden bricks offer several options for this product. Differences can be in profile type, size, both in length and width, and there are no restrictions here.

Sennas made of wooden bricks can be additionally decorated with artistic carvings or left smooth, covered with varnish. But, unlike profiled or simple timber, you can’t expect the appearance of cracks and crevices, both outside and inside the house. And how durable such structures are can be found out a few years later, when production will be established in all cities and houses made of wooden bricks will be as popular as those made of timber.

Despite the fact that the first house made of wooden blocks was built more than two decades ago, this building material was launched into mass production in Russia only in 2013 by the Baltic Architect company. This material was patented in Russia in 2012. The updated wooden brick is strikingly different from the material that was used to build the first house.

Pay attention! New wood panels more convenient for construction, which significantly reduces the construction period and makes the walls more reliable.

What are they - wooden blocks

Wooden blocks for building a house are produced in several types. The length and height of the bars differ. The profiled appearance of surfaces connecting to other elements remains unchanged in production technology. The bottom and top surfaces are ribbed, as are the end sides.

Construction technology is beneficial in many respects:

• Lightness of the material;
• Hygroscopicity;
• Little waste during construction;
• Thoughtful fastening for quick assembly of a reliable structure;
• The material dries faster.
• The ridges of the brick, processed on ultra-precision machines, reliably hold the vertical wall, preventing distortions.
• In small, lightweight parts there is no internal stress, which protects the building from cracks.
• Using wooden bricks, door and window openings easier to create than when building from timber or logs.

Specifics of construction from wooden blocks

The peculiarity of assembling walls from wooden blocks is that the wall consists of two parts, between which there is a cavity.

Pay attention! This assembly method allows you to make the house warmer without overpaying for additional materials.

Wall assembly technology:

1. A support beam is attached to the foundation of the future building.
2. The masonry is carried out so that a cavity is formed between the bricks, in which spacers will be located in a certain order.
3. The lower tier of the masonry is secured to the timber using clamping bars.
4. The pressure bars must be connected to metal plates. These plates will hold the tensioners, which will create a vertical load.
5. Installation of tensioners is carried out only after completing the assembly of all walls. They will be attached to the foundation of the house with anchor bolts.

The debate among experts about which houses are better - wooden or frame - has been going on for a long time. We will talk about construction technology that successfully implements the main advantages of both types of houses.

Let us remind you that our magazine has covered the technology of building houses from hollow wooden blocks (HWB) more than once. In addition, we have already written about the use of DPB in the construction of a building using combined technologies. Today we bring to the attention of readers an article in which we will remind you what the DPB system is, including factory-made ones, and we will talk about new system wooden element structures (DEC, or Artidek) and its capabilities, which significantly simplify the process of creating walls, floors and even roofs, using the example of the construction of a house with a total area of ​​179 m2 by the Construction Concepts company.

Foundation for a house made of wooden blocks

The foundation of the house in question is pile-grillage, topped with a monolithic slab. To install it, holes with a diameter of 30 cm and a depth of 180 cm were drilled in the ground in increments of 90 ± 150 cm (depending on the load) and reinforcement cages were placed in them, which were then filled with class B15 concrete. Next, standard formwork was installed along the future grillage strips, a reinforcement frame was created in it, and, using concrete of the same class, strips of different widths were cast: 500 mm ± for external walls, 400 mm ± for internal walls and 300 mm ± for the porch. The height of the tapes is the same everywhere (400 mm). When the concrete hardened, the formwork “from inside the house” was removed, the space between the tapes was filled first with soil, and then with sand, and it was thoroughly compacted. Slabs of extruded polystyrene foam 50 mm thick were laid on the sand and covered with plastic film. Next, we created a two-layer frame for the future slab and, using concrete of the same class as before, cast the 150 mm thick slab itself. On the resulting foundation, the builders erected the box of the house, combining four materials: foam concrete blocks, monolithic concrete, elements of the DPB and DEK systems. But before we talk about this process, let's figure out what both systems of building structures are.

Technology for building houses from hollow wooden blocks (HBB)

Pros: Construction from wooden blocks, in our opinion, has the following advantages:

1. the low weight of the elements (a 6 m long wall block weighs 35 kg) makes it possible to abandon the use of a crane and other heavy equipment;
2. high factory readiness of elements, which determines both the speed of installation of structures and a high degree of their readiness for application finishing coating;
3. Possibility of combining with others construction technologies;
4. environmental friendliness of the materials used;
5. absence of expensive membranes and films;
6. vapor permeability of enclosing structures, which allows you to create the same microclimate in a house made of DEC as in a log house;
7. high heat saving rates: if you use DEC with a width of 540 mm, then with an ecowool layer thickness of 450 mm, the enclosing contour of the house will have a calculated heat transfer resistance R0 = 11.8 m 2 *°C/W, which corresponds to the standards for a passive house.

Cons: The technology in question has at least three disadvantages:

1. some non-standard and unusual design;
2. its reliability has not been tested by time;
3. limited scope of application only to low-rise construction.

True, the first two shortcomings, as a rule, cease to be such over time.

1. Multilayer walls made of foam blocks - a 100-mm layer of sealant is sandwiched between walls 100 and 200 mm thick.
2. Using standard formwork, the builders cast concrete columns, and then the crossbars connecting them to the walls. Next, using adjustable metal posts and standard wooden I-beams, a floor plane was created, on which a flooring of 18 mm thick waterproof laminated plywood was laid.
3, 4. A frame of frame beams was laid on top of the walls, and a two-layer frame for monolithic slab(3) and reinforcing beams with a cross section of 250? 250 mm (the frame and beams rise above the slab reinforcement), and then, using class B15 concrete, the floor (4) was cast.
5. Brick exterior chimney relies on monolithic ceiling first floor.
6. On the slab along the perimeter of the future walls they cast cement-sand mortar“paths” 250 mm wide and 30 mm high and laid waterproofing strips on them. The first row of DPB blocks was laid directly on top of the waterproofing layer and secured to the concrete with long anchor bolts. Each subsequent row of blocks was fixed to the previous one with capillary screws 250 mm long.
7. Construction wooden blocks in places where they were joined along the length, they were tied together with a polyester tape, which covered the embedded elements of the blocks being joined together. The gaps between the “stone” and wooden elements were filled with polyurethane foam so that it did not have to be trimmed.
8. When assembling walls using the DPB system, one of the corner blocks is installed first in place and the wall blocks are docked to its ends. Then the corner and wall blocks are pulled together using a special machine with packing tape, after which they are attached to the backing board or underlying blocks with cap screws installed in advance drilled holes. In this case, their heads are recessed into the body of the block, and the recess above the head is filled with polyurethane foam.
9, 10. There are two ways to reduce the ventilation of horizontal joints: using, firstly, polyurethane foam(9), for which one worker tilts the still unsecured block, and the other fills the gap with foam, and secondly, the PSUL seal, which is inserted into the central longitudinal groove of each of the side lamellas (boards) of the block (10). This option is more expensive, but more reliable.
11. Wall blocks intended for corner zones, are delivered with already sawed under gusset the ends of the lamellas. When assembling, all that remains is to tighten the two blocks forming the corner with clamps, and then, in a certain order, insert pieces of bars with a cross-section of 45 x 90 mm into the internal space of the blocks and attach them to the side boards with self-tapping screws.
12,13. Zkovat (12) was blown into the wall cavity. Casing bars were inserted into the grooves at the ends of the blocks forming the window openings and ribbons of jute fabric (13) were attached to the lamellas.
14. Work on the construction of the roof began by installing a ridge beam, and along the “stone” walls there was a glued triangular mauerlat, securing it with screw studs. Each DEC element was attached with self-tapping screws, first to the ridge, then to the Mauerlat.
15,16. To prevent the roofing elements from moving horizontally, they were tied together with polyester tape (15). The DEKs forming the roof outlets were secured to the cavity dowels inserted into the structures, and then the collected sloping wool was filled (16). 17.18. Along the slopes, with a pitch of 600 mm, a “perforated” counter-lattice (made of 40*40 mm bars) was nailed, which determined the height (80 mm) of the ventilated gap, and a flooring of OSB boards (17) was created on top. A continuous waterproofing carpet was created on the slopes; at the top of the roof, between the OSB flooring slabs, a gap (18) was left; it will be covered by a ventilated ridge created using construction methods.
19. Special attention the builders paid attention to tightness roofing structure. They missed bitumen mastic joints of OSB boards and sealed the junction of roof ventilation elements to the flooring.
20-22. The walls were leveled from the inside using plaster (20). Gaps at mating points wooden elements with the “stone” and with each other filled with foam (21). Internal partitions were erected from tongue-and-groove slabs 80 mm thick (22)
23. Walls enclosing staircase, erected two tongue-and-groove blocks thick.
24. Electrical installation work carried out after completion of general construction and finishing works.
25. The outside walls were plastered, and then applied on top decorative coating"under a fur coat"

We are building a house

Now that we have dealt with the DPB and DEK systems, let’s return to the story about construction, most of which is illustrated with photographs with captions. The frame of the house was built using a combined technology. The walls of the first floor, as well as partly in the attic, were built from foam blocks and made multi-layered to preserve heat in the rooms: a layer of mineral wool insulation was placed between the thin outer wall and the load-bearing inner wall. Every two rows the masonry was reinforced metal mesh. The first floor was crowned with a monolithic ceiling. For the walls of the second floor (more precisely, for the gables of the house), hollow wall blocks of the DPB system were used (with the exception of corner blocks).

The roof was assembled using roofing elements DEK system, which made it possible to install it in just two working days. Agree, this high speed installation is another compelling argument in favor of this technology.

It should be noted that roofing elements of the DEK system can be laid not only on “stone walls” topped with a special triangular mauerlat (as in the construction of this house), but also on those assembled from wall elements of the DEK or DPB system, for which in the lower part roofing elements DEK, even during their manufacture, a special docking unit is created.

How was DEK insulated?

Methods for insulating structures assembled from hollow blocks were improved along with them. So, initially, walls assembled from DPB were insulated with nothing more than air. Today, the authors of the technology have come to the conclusion that there is simply no better material for insulating DEC than ecowool. What explains this?

Ecowool consists mainly of short cellulose fibers with a 12% fire retardant additive ( boric acid), which makes it possible to classify the material as moderately flammable (flammability group ± G2), and with 7% ± antiseptic (borax and borates), which, by the way, protects not only the material itself, but also those in contact with it from rotting wooden surfaces, and also prevents rodents from making nests in it. Ecowool is made from waste paper without synthetic binders, so it is environmentally friendly, does not cause allergies and is quite cheap (from 1800 rubles per 1 m 3).

The fibrous structure gives the material remarkable qualities. Its thermal conductivity is ± 0.032+ 0.038 W/(m °C), which is not much less than the best mineral wool. Vapor permeability and sound insulation properties are high, but air permeability, on the contrary, is low. It is these properties that allow the constructed building to breathe, just like a house made of solid wood (logs, beams, etc.). It is also useful that, having absorbed even 20% of water (by volume), the material almost does not reduce its thermal insulation characteristics. Even if you wet it through, when it dries, it will completely restore its thermal insulation properties.

The disadvantage of ecowool is the same as that of all insulation materials - the inability to withstand mechanical loads, therefore it must be placed between two rigid structural elements (which is exactly what is ensured in the construction option using DEC). But how to place it in the resulting cavities? This can easily be done using mobile spraying units, in which the material is first fluffed up and then delivered to the desired location with a stream of air. flexible hose. At the same time, ecowool penetrates into all the cracks, covering the structure with a continuous carpet. During operation, it hardly settles, which is what is required in this case. The density of the applied material depends on the pressure of the air supplied with it, and depending on the area of ​​application, it can be changed from 30 to 70 kg per 1 m 3.

About communications

An undoubted advantage of installation load-bearing structures from hollow blocks is the ability to make communications invisible. In this case, it is best to lay electrical cables at the stage of erecting walls, ceilings and roofs before filling them with ecowool.