Hip-slope roofs are becoming more in demand every year, which is due to the conditions for designing fairly large structures. This roof looks more compact and neat compared to classic options. gable roofs. In addition, it is possible to carry out not only the standard design of such a roof, but also to diversify the roof with various elements, most often represented by dormer and dormer windows.

Options for hip roofs

Four-pitched roofs are distinguished by sufficient species diversity, which allows you to perform the following types of structures:

• . It is characterized by two trapezoidal planes in combination with a pair of triangular slopes. The design is distinguished by the absence of pediments, and roof slopes are used to install attic or dormer windows.

• half hip roof. The main difference is unusual design hips, which consist of two parts. The lower trapezoidal segment is combined with the upper triangular part.

• hip roof. The name of this design is due to the joining of all four triangular slopes at one upper point to form a quadrangular pyramid with a base of a square or rectangle. Characterized by the complete absence of pediments. The construction of hipped roofs is due to the presence of a rather complex rafter system, which requires detailed drawings and careful planning.

Design Features

To create a competent roof design, it is necessary to take into account any possible loads that the future rafter system will experience.

Project documentation must contain:

• basic drawings of the rafter system and main components, at the junction of the rafters with the Mauerlat and the ridge, as well as the location of the sheathing;

• technological features of the roofing pie and other roofing elements.

Drawing of a hipped roof

The basis of a detailed project makes it easy to perform all calculations of the required amount of materials for the rafter system and roofing pie.

Load calculation

The main units of account include:

• mass required roofing material;

• the mass of all layers of the roofing pie being performed, including steam and waterproofing, as well as the amount of insulation;

• wind load calculated with the condition regional features and roof slope;

• indicators of intensity and amount of precipitation in summer;

• snow load typical for the construction region;

• weight of people serving the roof covering;

• dimensions and weight additional equipment, intended to be installed on the roof surface.

Calculating the dimensions of hip roof elements

The obtained parameters and the roof slope indicator form the basis for calculating the length and cross-section of the rafter system and contribute to the competent selection of roofing material.

Construction of the rafter system

The process of installing hipped roofs is based on the use of slanted or diagonal rafters, which are located towards the corners of the structure. It should be borne in mind that this design is subject to a greater load, which requires rafters made of double type beams.

A fairly significant length requires the use of connections that may be subject to subsidence under high loads. It is for this reason that under connecting elements It is required to install strong support stands.

The design requires the use of spreaders or short rafters, the upper part of which rests on the sloped rafters. For fastening, several different points are selected to help distribute the load from the spigots as evenly as possible.

In addition to standard elements, additional frame components are involved in the process of creating a hipped roof. All components of such a roof form a single system that combines:

• beds, which are internal support beams laid on top of load-bearing walls or columns;

• side rafters forming trapezoidal roof slopes;

• diagonal or slanted type of rafters;

• vertical type of supports, represented by racks and trusses, which help maintain the rafter system;

• a purlin or ridge beam, which is a horizontal support for the rafter system at the top of the roof structure. Placed on top of the posts and secured. For a hip roof there is no need to install a ridge beam;

• horizontal ties or crossbars for connecting side rafters, which without installing such elements can move in different directions;

• roofing frames mounted on top of diagonal rafters to form a pitched frame;

• wind types of beams and struts, which help increase the strength of the roof and allow it to withstand most loads;

• fillies to create the necessary roof overhang, which are fixed in the lower segment of the rafter legs.

Step-by-step DIY construction technology

Installation work is carried out immediately after the development of the project and the acquisition of all materials necessary in accordance with the calculations.

On initial stage Mauerlat is installed, which is fixed to the walls of the building. When laying, it is necessary to maintain a distance of five centimeters from the edge of the outer wall. Most often, an anchor option is used to attach the Mauerlat.

The next stage involves performing high-quality markings, followed by installation of racks and installation of ridge beams. During the work performed, it is necessary to use a plumb line. To secure the racks, it is necessary to use special jibs.

Next is the installation of slant rafters, during installation of which the size of the future overhang is taken into account. Under standard conditions, the length of the overhang ranges from fifty centimeters to a meter. Optimal size- sixty centimeters.

Correct installation of diagonal rafters must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:

• slanted rafters are attached to the mauerlat with fastening of shortened rafters or splices;

• the transfer of loads from the slanted rafters is distributed by truss trusses;

• additional tie rods mounted on beams of longitudinal or transverse types are used as support for truss trusses;

• in accordance with the design documentation, tie rods, crossbars, racks and struts are installed, which are designed to increase the rigidity of the structure;

• fastening of the diagonal rafters at the top is carried out on a ridge girder, resting on a longitudinal type of beam;

• must be used special type inserts and notches, supplemented with metal fastening elements, which will ensure connection between the lower rafter ends and the Mauerlat;

• installation of ordinary rafters with a step corresponding to the design loads is carried out immediately after the installation of diagonal rafters;

• slanted rafters are connected by means of horizontal crossbars made of boards with a cross-section of 120 x 40 millimeters;

• slanted rafters increase the resistance of hip slopes under significant wind loads;

• the presence of a bay window in the project requires the installation of rafter beams made of spliced edged boards or timber.

The next stage of installation is to install the flanges and side rafters, which must be located in the same plane. As a result of this work, side roof slopes are formed. Care should be taken to ensure that all installed rafter legs, extensions and side elements are parallel.

After completing the installation of the structure of the entire rafter system, it is necessary to perform a high-quality one, for which bars with a cross-section of forty or fifty millimeters are used. What follows is the standard execution of a suitable roofing pie, on top of which the selected roofing material is mounted.

Learn more about roof construction from the video.

Let's sum it up

Four pitched roof is the most reliable and economical option for a roofing device without the need for an attic space.

Absence load-bearing elements in the form of rigid gables requires ensuring the reliability of the structure in accordance with the calculations and design.

Hip-slope roofs are classified as popular and in demand roofing structures, which is due to ease of installation and minimization of costs for building materials for the construction of walls.

A hip roof is a very popular type of roofing that allows you to give your home an original look. It is often used in projects of fairly large houses, as it looks more compact and neater than a gable roof with gables. The design of a hip roof can be simple or include various elements– attic and dormer windows, for example, they greatly enliven the design and make it unique.

A hipped roof differs favorably from a gable roof not only in appearance. It protects the building much more reliably from rain, snow and wind. The design of such a roof is more complex than that of a gable roof, but for a small house or gazebo, a do-it-yourself hipped roof is not particularly difficult.

Types of hipped roof

A simple hip roof consists of two trapezoidal slopes and two triangular hip roofs. During its construction, methods of making layered rafters and hipped rafters are used.

Hip roof for a country house

The half-hip roof consists of two trapezoidal slopes and two cut-off hip roofs, under which there is a pediment. This design allows you to make it in the attic attic floor with big panoramic windows and at the same time does not reduce the reliability of the roof.

A hip roof differs from a simple hip roof in that all four of its slopes are absolutely identical, representing isosceles triangles converging at one point.

A complex hipped roof may contain vertical attic windows with gables, valleys and connections to other building elements. To perform such a roof, it is better to resort to the services of specialists or use finished project and calculation of materials.

Elements of a hipped roof

A hip roof generally consists of the same elements as a gable roof, but its design features require the installation of additional frame components. The elements of a hipped roof include:

• Mauerlat - timber laid on top part external walls and taking the main load from the roof;
• Beds - internal support beams, laid on load-bearing walls or columns;
• Rafters - side and diagonal, or slanted. The side rafters form a trapezoidal roof slope, the slopes form a hip slope. The hip roof has no side rafters;
• Racks and trusses - vertical supports that support the rafter system;
• A ridge beam or purlin is a horizontal support for the rafters at the top of the roof. It is placed on racks and secured. The hip roof is made without ridge beams;
• Tightenings or crossbars – horizontal elements connecting the side rafters and preventing them from moving apart;
• Narozhniki - elements laid on diagonal rafters and forming the frame of the slope;
• Struts and wind beams are struts that increase the strength of the roof and its ability to withstand loads;
• Fillers are boards that form the necessary overhang of the roof and are attached to the rafters in their lower part.

Depending on the roof structure, other elements may also be used, such as sheathing, protective strips, eaves over windows and porches.

To calculate the required amount of materials, you need to draw a sketch of the roof in advance, decide on its shape and dimensions, then make a scale drawing and calculate the required material.

Technology for constructing a hipped roof

1. In order for the load from the rafter system, roofing and snow swept onto the roof to winter period, was evenly distributed, longitudinal elements were laid on top of all load-bearing walls - mauerlat and planks. They are made from timber 100x150 mm or 150x150 mm, and in some cases from reinforced concrete beams. At self-construction At home, wood is usually used - this material is lighter and more convenient to process, so we will consider it. The timber is placed on the walls and secured with anchor pins. Studs are installed during the construction of walls, deepening them into the masonry. IN wooden buildings The upper crown of the frame serves as the supports. Between the Mauerlat and the wall, waterproofing must be done using two layers of roofing material. The beds are placed on load-bearing partitions on which the support posts will be installed.
2. If there are no internal partitions in the house or they are not located in the center of the roof, the racks are placed on reinforced floor beams. Floors are usually made of 50x200 mm boards. The beam on which the racks are installed carries an increased load, so it is made of two spliced ​​boards or 100x200 mm timber.
3. Install the support posts on the beams or floor beams. They are leveled using a plumb line or a water level, after which they are secured with temporary supports made of boards on self-tapping screws. The racks are attached to the floor or ceiling using a corner and metal plates. Racks for a simple hip roof are placed in one row in the center of the roof, under the ridge. The distance between them should not be more than two meters. To erect a hip roof, the racks are placed on the diagonal lines at an equal distance from the corner. The racks should form a rectangle that follows the shape of the perimeter of the house. The height of the racks is determined according to the roof design.
4. Purlins are laid on the racks. For a simple hip roof, this is a ridge purlin laid on posts to form the ridge of the roof. For a hip roof, the purlins are placed on racks in the form of a rectangle. They are secured to a corner and screws.
5. Start installing the rafters. Side rafters on a simple hip roof are installed similarly to layered rafters gable roof: apply a board with a width similar to the width of the rafter board to the ridge beam in the area of ​​the outer post - 150 mm. A template is made from it. The board for the template can be taken not so thick and heavy; 25 mm thickness is enough. On the template, mark the top cut, with which the rafter will rest on the ridge beam, and cut it out. Having attached the template to the ridge, they also mark the lower cut, with which the rafter will rest on the mauerlat. The finished template is applied to the ridge girder in the places where the side rafters are installed, checking the need to adjust each rafter in place. If the template fits perfectly, the rafters are marked and cut according to the template in the right quantity. They are installed on the ridge girder and Mauerlat and secured with corners and screws or with brackets. The pitch of the rafters is from 0.5 to 1.5 meters.

   

6. Diagonal rafters carry an increased load, so they are made of two boards joined together in thickness. The pattern of diagonal rafters is performed in the same way. Diagonal rafters rest with their upper side on the post, and their lower side on the corner of the mauerlat, so cuts in the boards must be made at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane of the board.

   

7. The distance between the diagonal rafters on the hip slopes is filled with spigots. They are installed with a pitch equal to the calculated pitch of the rafters, and rest the upper part on the diagonal rafter, and the lower part on the mauerlat. Usually a thinner board is used, since the rigs do not bear a significant load. A notch is made in the upper part of the board, and according to this pattern, half of the splices are made, the other half in a mirror image. The lower cuts are marked in place, and the ends of the splices, forming the overhang, are trimmed along the stretched cord after installation.
8. The lower quarter of the diagonal rafters experiences the greatest load, so vertical supports - trusses - are placed under them. These racks are placed in the same way as ridge racks on reinforced beams - when preliminary calculating the floors, you need to lay them right away. Struts are placed under the side rafters, resting their lower edge against the beam or floor beams, and the upper edge against the rafter leg at an angle of about 45 degrees to the horizontal.

   

9. They carry out the sheathing. On a hipped roof, you can use almost any roofing material, and the choice between or is a matter of taste and the features of their installation. Often as a covering for complex roofs use soft tiles, in this case the sheathing is made of solid plywood. The question is decided depending on the design of the house - when installing a residential attic in it, insulation is necessary, but if the attic is cold, it is not easy to build a hipped roof with your own hands, but with good skills in working with wood and roofing materials, this is a completely doable task. For a better understanding of the construction process, you can also watch the video.

The hipped (hip) roof is considered one of the most complex structures. Like any other, it has its advantages and disadvantages. To make an informed decision, you need to familiarize yourself with the real performance characteristics hipped roof.

Flaws

As you can see, the advantages of a hipped roof are questionable, but the disadvantages are significant.

Practical advice. Professional builders It is recommended to choose hip roofs only in exceptional cases when other options are unacceptable for various reasons.

Types of hipped roofs

Each country has its own building traditions and style preferences. What types hip roofs used by architects?

Table. Types of hipped roofs.

There are no universal recommendations for choosing the type of hipped roof; each developer must make a decision independently or after consultation with architects. But you should always remember that there are other, cheaper and good options rafter systems.

Step-by-step instructions for building a hipped roof

As an example, let’s look at the simplest of the listed types of hip roofs – the classic one. But even this simple design A hip roof is much more complex than any gable roof.

Important. You can start building a hip roof only after the professionals have made all the calculations. The best option– order a house project from the relevant organizations. This will cost much less than restoring the structure after its destruction.

The labor intensity of the work when building a hipped roof is not much higher than a regular gable roof, but this does not mean that a hipped roof can be built with your own hands as simply as a regular one, with two symmetrical slopes. The main difficulty is that a hip roof requires very precise engineering calculations and knowledge of technology, especially if you do not have good practice in building this kind of roof.

Why is a house with a hipped roof better than a gable roof?

Why is an ordinary gable roof installed mainly on simple outbuildings, and why a hip roof is chosen for residential premises:

• The appearance of the hipped roof option looks much nicer and more elegant than the double structure;
• Even a simple hipped roof can withstand the elements much better due to smoother contours and aerodynamics. Even in the strongest winds, the rafters of the frame remain almost equally loaded, due to the correct balancing of the diagonal rafters;
• Two additional slopes shed water better, dry under the influence of the wind and thereby protect the roof of the house from flowing, as happens with straight gables. Thus, significantly higher thermal insulation and frost resistance are achieved for a hipped roof.

Important! The four-slope roof design, unlike the “kopeck piece”, has a high degree of adaptation.

For climates with high rainfall, the Danish version with steep main slopes and two hips is perfect, for steppe zone with strong winds, a low tent frame with large overhangs and an average angle of inclination.

It will be most convenient to use a hipped roof in houses where the attic space is not allocated as a residential area, but is used for economic purposes. Due to the appearance of two additional slopes, the space and usable area of ​​the attic is reduced by approximately 25%. But if desired and the size of the attic space is sufficient, you can equip it with small room, even with windows and a balcony, as in the photo.

But in this case, instead of a simple system of vertical posts on which the ridge girder rests, additional horizontal beams - crossbars - will need to be installed in the structure of the hipped roof, which will play the role of a ceiling for the attic space.

How to make a hip roof

First of all, it’s worth understanding how a 4-slope roof differs in detail from the double-slope version.

The main difference between a 4-slope rafter system and a double symmetrical roof

The differences in the design will be most obvious in the diagram with a simple rectangular version of the hipped roof shown in the photo:

Important! Most elements of additional slopes require very careful adjustment, so often diagonal rafters and frames are assembled with a preliminary “grab” using self-tapping screws, and only after final adjustment they are replaced with a bolted connection or knocked down with nails.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof, sequence of work

The most difficult part in building a rafter system for a hipped roof is the stage of hanging the diagonal rafters. Firstly, the angle of inclination of the diagonal rafters and the pressure with which they rest on the ridge girder must be equal to the parameters of the pair of rafters on the other side. The areas of the slopes and the angles of inclination in a hipped roof must be absolutely equal.

Secondly, an imaginary line drawn between the joining points or the vertices of the triangles formed by the diagonal rafters on both sides must run exactly along the axis of the beam ridge girder, both horizontally and vertically. The main difficulty in assembling a hipped roof is to correctly align and adjust the position of the diagonal rafters.

At the preparation stage for assembling a hipped roof, a board or mauerlat beam is laid, and it is important to carefully level the plane of the board horizontally. Apply to the Mauerlat preliminary marking places for installing side rafters, truss supports and tightening. Installation of a hipped roof is greatly simplified if a reinforced concrete slab is used as the ceiling.

After laying out and fastening the tightening, the ridge frame or “bench” is assembled. Essentially, this is a ridge beam installed on vertical racks. Longitudinal and transverse struts are sewn to the posts, ensuring the stability of the frame until the hip rafters are assembled.

Before laying out the diagonal rafters, the ridge frame must be supported with a pair of temporary beams, which are attached to the mauerlat and to the outermost post of the “bench”. This will prevent the ridge frame from tipping over under the pressure of the diagonal rafters on the other side.

Next comes the most difficult part. First, determine the actual length of each of the sloping beams; to do this, hammer a nail into the fulcrum at the end of the ridge beam and measure the length from the nail to the fulcrum on the mauerlat with a cord. Before installing the diagonals, each of the slanted rafters is measured and cut according to its cord length.

Having installed the bevel elements on the Mauerlat, determine the line of contact and the cut of the contact surface. Having trimmed the support plane of the slope beams, they are laid on the end of the ridge girder.

The lower ends of the diagonal beams are installed in the corner joint of the mauerlat beam with an undercut of the supporting surface of the beam according to the given diagram. Sometimes the shape of the cut is made according to a template, but it is safer to mark the cut line manually.

Ideally, an imaginary vertical plane drawn through any sloping rafter should be parallel to the plane of the sloping beam located on the opposite side of the hipped roof.

If everything is done correctly, the two diagonal rafters of the hipped roof will be exactly along the axis of the ridge beam. To avoid deflection, long enough braces need to be installed with struts and truss supports with the installation of temporary fasteners made of self-tapping screws. Rafters from the opposite slope are installed in the same way and the elements are aligned with maximum accuracy. To increase the rigidity of the hip slopes, several flanges are cut out and installed at the edges of the diagonal beams.

Then they move on to laying ordinary rafter beams. Fastening to the Mauerlat is performed using a standard bolt-nut connection or using steel corners. In the upper part, the rafter board is usually sawed down according to a template and laid on the ridge beam.

Usually, after hanging the rows on the ridge girder and the mauerlat, additional crossbars are installed in the upper part, which reduce the bursting effect of the hipped roof frame. After installing all the rafter beams and aligning the main strength elements of the hipped frame, they proceed to the permanent fastening of all rafters on the mauerlat and ridge girder.

At the next stage, struts are installed and fastened under the ordinary rafters, and the triangular slopes are “filled” with external beams. Each of the splices is cut to its own length according to the diagram below and installed in a checkerboard pattern, this allows you to avoid weakening of the beam due to the coincidence of the cut points on opposite sides.

All elements are secured with nails, self-tapping screws and bolted connections with overhead steel plates and angles.

Final operations

After assembling the main frame of the hipped roof, fillets are stuffed onto the ends of the rafters - short boards that form a row of roof overhangs along the wall. The cut line is measured along the ends of the fillies, trimmed so that the ends are in the same plane, and the cornice board is sewn on. The lower part of the fillies is lined with clapboard or regular board.

After treating the wood of the beams with an antiseptic composition, they proceed to stuffing the sheathing boards. The thickness of the boards, the amount of material and the nailing points are chosen based on what kind of roofing they plan to lay on a given hipped roof.

Conclusion

The hipped roof is deservedly considered one of the most convenient and practical roof structures. If you are planning to build a hipped version with your own hands, in addition to correctly calculating the structure, you will need experience in leveling and adjusting the position of each of the beams. Therefore, it would be right to get the necessary experience and skill in working with hipped roofs from more experienced craftsmen.

The construction of a frame for a hipped roof is a labor-intensive and complex process with characteristic features. This will require precise calculations and a strict installation sequence. However, the result will amaze you with the solidity and reliability of the design with an impressive shape. Before you begin creating this frame, you should study the features and algorithm of actions by which the rafter system of a gable roof is erected.

Rafter system of a hipped roof: components and design advantages

A hip roof consists of a rectangular base and four inclined slopes. The two end surfaces are triangular in shape. They replace gables, as in gable roof. The other two slopes are called facade. Their shape resembles a trapezoid. The angle of inclination of the surfaces ranges from 15 to 60 degrees. Attic or dormer windows, bay windows, and cuckoo windows are placed on inclined slopes, which creates an even more respectable appearance of the roof.

This design has its advantages over other types of mansard roofs:

• the design is more resistant to intense gusts of wind, which occurs due to the absence of gables;
• thanks to the large number of slopes, rain and melt water are more efficiently drained from the roof surface;
• The special design of the rafter frame allows you to get a spacious attic room, which is especially important for one-story houses with a hipped roof;
• Thanks to the use of wood to create the roof frame and the ability to select any roofing material, the construction of a hipped structure will not be much more expensive than the construction of a gable one.

The structure of a hipped roof includes the following mandatory elements:

• the ridge, which is located at the top of the roof and is the intersection of the inclined slopes;
• four inclined surfaces, which are located at a certain angle to the rectangular base of the roof and covered with roofing material;

• overhangs are parts of the roof formed by fillets or extensions of rafter legs protruding beyond its perimeter, which protect the walls from moisture;
• rafter frame that forms the geometry of the roof and is hidden under the roofing material;
• roofing pie, consisting of a hydro-, heat- and vapor barrier layer, which is placed on the rafter frame in order to insulate the building and protect it from negative environmental influences;
• a drainage system that removes excess water from the roof surface. It is represented by an external drain, which includes a drainage gutter, a water inlet funnel and a vertical pipe;
• Snow guards are small horizontal sides located along the edges of inclined slopes and prevent the collapse of the snow mass accumulated on the roof.

The diagram of a hipped roof allows you to study its design more clearly and in detail.

Construction of a roof truss system made of wooden elements

The rafter system, the photos clearly show this, is a wooden frame on which the hipped roof rests. It contains many mandatory and auxiliary elements, which are made mainly from wood coniferous species. The drawing of the hip roof truss system shows the following elements:

• Mauerlat in the form of four beams with a cross-section of 10×10 cm or 15×15 cm, located along the perimeter of the load-bearing walls, is designed to absorb the load from the roof and distribute it evenly on the load-bearing walls of the building;
• bench - a wooden beam that is placed on the internal load-bearing wall and serves as a support for the racks used in the layered rafter system;
• rafter legs in the form wooden planks with a cross section of 5x5 cm or 10x15 cm, they set the geometry of the inclined slopes and are the basis for the roofing pie.
• The ridge girder is the highest point of the roof and is represented by a wooden beam supported by vertical posts. The rafter legs are attached to them;

• the racks are represented by vertical supports mounted on a bench and serve to support the ridge girder and the middle of the rafter leg;
• struts, wooden blocks attached to rafter legs at an angle and preventing them from bending;
• bolt and tightening are presented horizontal jumpers made of metal or wood that connect pairs of rafters, while reducing the load pushing on the walls. The crossbar is installed in the upper part of the rafter legs, and the tie is installed in the lower part.
• truss trusses - vertical risers for sloped rafters;
• the sheathing is the basis for installing the roofing material. It can be solid or lattice, which is determined by the type of roofing.

During the installation of the rafter system of a hipped roof, layered, outer and ordinary rafters are used. The layer elements radiate from the ridge to two opposite corners of the house. They form triangular end inclined surfaces. Ordinary rafters are mounted along the ridge girder in pairs. They form trapezoidal façade slopes. The outer elements, having different lengths, rest on the layered rafters with their upper part.

Types of hipped roofs. Photos of interesting options

Hip-slope roofs include several types of structures that have the same number of inclined surfaces, but different structures.

The classic version is hip design, as can be seen in the photo of a house with a hipped roof. It consists of two triangular slopes and two trapezoidal ones. The place where they connect is called the ridge, which is much shorter than the length of the house. The hip roof is a structure increased complexity, in which design and installation are a very labor-intensive and complex process that requires certain skills and experience.

This design is suitable for the base of a building rectangular shape. This is the most aesthetically attractive roof option. However, it is also the most difficult, both from the point of view necessary calculations, and according to the construction technology, since a complicated rafter frame is used here, which is proven by the diagram of the rafter system, which requires additional measurements and adjustment of the material on site.

The half-hip Dutch roof is both a gable and a hipped roof. It consists of two inclined trapezoidal slopes and two truncated triangular hips. Small hips do not completely replace gables, which makes it possible to install simple vertical windows, which are much cheaper than attic windows. In the photos presented on the Internet, you can see various designs of houses with a hipped roof of this type.

The half-hip Danish design has four trapezoidal slopes, which differ in size. The truncated hips extend not from the ridge, but a little lower, leaving room for a triangular pediment. A dormer or vertical window is usually located here for additional natural light, as can be seen in the photo of a house with a hipped roof. This design is the most resistant to strong winds. Therefore, it is advisable to install it for houses located in areas with increased wind activity.

The hipped mansard roof consists of two triangular hips and two broken surfaces with a varying angle of inclination. Such a complex structure helps to obtain a dimensional attic with high ceiling, which is especially important for one-story houses. Projects with a hipped roof of this design are clear proof of this.

A hipped hipped roof is erected on square-shaped buildings and is mainly used for frame houses. The rafter system does not provide for a ridge run. The design consists of inclined surfaces of the same size and triangular shape, which are connected at a peak.

How to calculate a hipped roof?

Before building a hipped roof, it is necessary to make all the calculations, which determine the amount of material for constructing the rafter frame, installing the roofing pie and laying the roof. The calculation can be carried out using special computer programs and a drawing of a hipped roof. However, it is better to do this yourself, using elementary mathematical formulas.

Useful advice! On at this stage you should choose a roofing material that will determine the angle of the roof. The sharper it is, the longer the roof slope and the greater the material consumption.

At the first stage, the angle of inclination of the slopes is determined. It depends on the climatic characteristics of a particular region, the intended purpose attic space, selection of roofing material, the calculation of which can be seen in the diagrams located on specialized sites on the Internet.

The tilt angle can be from 5 to 60 degrees. For regions with heavy precipitation and strong winds, you should choose an inclination angle in the range from 45 to 60 degrees. If the region is characterized by little snowy winters, rare rains and low-intensity winds, then the angle can be chosen much smaller.

For an inclination angle of 5-18 degrees. preference should be given roll materials, for an angle of 14-30 degrees. It is advisable to use asbestos cement sheets or.

Next, the height of the roof ridge is calculated. For this, special tables are used or trigonometric formulas for a right triangle. After this, it is necessary to calculate the rafters, the cross-section of which is selected taking into account the load. This takes into account the weight of the rafter structure, the roofing pie, the angle of inclination of the slopes and the impact of the environment. Next, the pitch of the rafters is determined, followed by checking their load-bearing capacity.

When drawing up a drawing of a hipped roof, you should decide on the structure of the rafter system. The type of rafter system, the diagrams clearly display this, are selected based on the method of fastening the rafters. At home with load-bearing walls or supports from pillars suggest the use of layered rafters. Where it is not possible to provide support, hanging rafters should be installed.

Related article:

Design and benefits of hip roofs. Basic elements, diagram, models with a bay window. Calculation and development of drawings. DIY installation.

How to calculate the area of ​​a hipped roof and calculate the roof covering?

The calculation of a hipped roof is carried out in compliance with certain rules:

1. The general drawing of the structure of the rafter system of a hipped roof must be decomposed into separate geometric shapes with all dimensions plotted.
2. The length of the slope is determined by measuring the distance from the ridge to the extreme line of the eaves.
3. The area of ​​all figures is calculated using mathematical formulas.
4. Each inclined roof slope is calculated using the formula, where the area of ​​the figure should be multiplied by the cosine of the angle, which corresponds to the location of the roofing material.
5. If the inclined slope has the shape of an irregular triangle, it must be divided into regular shapes and a calculation must be performed.
6. After receiving data for each of the elements, final values are summed up.

When calculating the total area of ​​a hipped roof, there is no need to subtract the area values ​​of small elements such as dormers, chimneys, skylights or parapets. Their areas are so small that they will not lead to large financial costs.

Important! It should be remembered that the area of ​​the roof does not coincide with the area of ​​the roofing material.

Each roofing material has the peculiarity of being laid with an overlap, the amount of which depends on specific type products, which accordingly increases material consumption.

When calculating the roofing material, it is necessary to add 15% of the stock of material to the total roof area, which overlaps. You should also take into account the amount of waste, for which you need to add another 20%.

Having obtained the result, it is necessary to correctly calculate the amount of sheet roofing material. For this general meaning divided by the area of ​​one sheet. The length of the sheet of material is determined by the height of the slope. However, it should be remembered that the longer the sheet, the more difficult the process of transporting it. Therefore, based on the roof area, the most suitable size is selected.

If the roof has large dimensions, it is better to give preference to soft roofing materials, the use of which generates a minimum amount of waste. However, it should be taken into account that these coatings require a continuous sheathing, which increases additional costs.

How to make a hip roof at home with your own hands?

Constructing a hip roof structure with your own hands, drawings and photos posted on the Internet will help in this matter, is a labor-intensive but doable process that requires correct calculations and a certain sequence of actions.

The roof truss system is a powerful and durable frame that can withstand all roof loads, including roofing pie and roofing. The reliability and strength of the roof depends on the correct and accurate calculation of the load on the rafter system.

It must withstand permanent and temporary impacts. Constants include the weight of the roof, the weight of all elements of the rafter frame, and the mass of the roofing pie. Temporary impacts include the influence of the environment, the weight of workers and equipment when performing repair work on the roof.

Having a diagram of the rafter system in front of you, you can begin construction wooden frame. First you need to install the main structural elements on which the rafter legs are attached.

Do-it-yourself installation of a rafter system structure begins with arranging the base for the future frame. To do this, a mauerlat is installed, which is erected along the perimeter of the upper row of load-bearing side walls. Next, you should install the bench for the ridge support and mount the vertical posts. They must be located strictly at an angle of 90 degrees. The slightest deviations can lead to deformation of the entire structure. The pitch of the racks is no more than 2 m. It is necessary to attach a ridge beam to the racks, the cross-section of which is selected taking into account the load of the central part of the rafter frame.

Useful advice! For large-sized roofing structures, it is advisable to install several roof supports.

• installation of diagonal rafters, bottom part which are attached to the mauerlat by cutting;
• installation of central rafters;
• installation of corner rafters that are attached to diagonal beams;
• installation of a tie, which is used to secure the legs of the skate;
• installation of central posts, which are attached at one end to the ridge and at the other to the tie (crossbar);
• installation of struts, which are fixed to the rafter leg and crossbar;
• installation of a truss, one part of which is attached to the mauerlat, and the other to the rafter leg.

After this, the sheathing is installed. Then the roofing pie is laid. It consists of a waterproofing, thermal insulation and vapor barrier layer. Next comes work on the outer covering of the roof with the selected roofing material, observing the specifics of its installation.

Important! The durability and reliability of the entire structure directly depends on how well each attachment point of the roof truss system is made.

If it is not possible to carry out the work yourself, you can use the services of specialists to install the rafter system, the price of which depends on the complexity of the structure, the total area of ​​the roof, the type of roofing, the height of the building, the configuration of the roof and the location of the facility. The price per m2 of rafter system installation starts from 400 rubles.

Installation of roofing pie

The roofing pie of a hipped roof consists of several layers laid in a certain sequence. It is installed on the rafter frame and consists of the following layers:

• vapor barrier layer in the form protective film preventing the penetration of moisture into the under-roof system from the room;
• a heat-insulating layer in the form of insulation placed in the space between the rafters;
• a waterproofing layer in the form of a special material that prevents moisture from entering the room;
• lathing in the form of boards to which the roofing covering is mounted.

Important! The quality and durability of the entire roof directly depends on laying the layers of the roofing cake in strict sequence.

The lathing in the form of wooden beams with a cross-section of 50×50 mm is fastened transversely with nails to the rafters in a continuous layer or with a certain pitch depending on the roof covering. Next, an overlapping vapor barrier is attached to the sheathing using a stapler. Installation of insulation is carried out in the space between the rafters. Next it is attached waterproofing layer, the installation technology of which is similar to the vapor barrier layer.

Important! During installation, the ridge part deserves special attention, where there is the greatest likelihood of condensate vapor accumulation.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof for a gazebo

Construction of a cozy gazebo on personal plot is ideal option creation comfort zone rest. Depending on the geometric shape, the structure can be selected most suitable look hipped roof.

For a square-shaped gazebo, it is advisable to build a hip roof with four equal-sized triangular slopes connected at one point. For rectangular structures, hip-type hip roofs are ideal.

Despite the fact that this design is more expensive and more complex compared to a gable one, it is the most suitable option for the gazebo. A hip roof is the most appropriate solution for this task for a number of reasons:

• due to the large number of inclined slopes, it is ensured effective protection from precipitation;
• large overhangs can retain heat for a long time, which accumulates throughout a sunny day;
• inclined slopes protect well from the penetration of intrusive sunlight, without blocking the horizon;

• reliable and rigid design guarantees minimal maintenance and routine repairs;
• affordable building materials make this option ideal and inexpensive solution for constructing a gazebo;
• Due to the fact that the gazebo is a small structure, all installation work on the construction of a hipped roof can be carried out independently.

How to make a hipped roof for a gazebo?

Before starting to build a rafter system for a gazebo, it is necessary to calculate the angle of inclination of the slopes, the height of the ridge and the load for the right choice rafter sections. Having received the result, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the rafter system, which displays all dimensions and relative position rafter frame elements.

Based on the drawing, the necessary elements are prepared and their subsequent assembly. The construction of a hipped roof for a gazebo consists of the following sequential steps:

1. Reinforcing the top frame of the gazebo frame with a board.
2. Attaching the tie-beam to the harness using metal corners.
3. Having departed the same distance from the middle of the tightening (about 50 cm), you need to install two wooden racks each 100 cm high.
4. Connecting the tops of the posts with a ridge purlin.
5. Installation of ordinary rafters with a selected pitch.
6. Fastening the diagonal rafters with nails to the ridge so that they continue the ridge run.
7. Installation of external rafters, which are attached on one side to the diagonal legs, and on the other side are attached to the upper frame of the structure. The pitch between the rafters is about 60 cm.
8. Laying waterproofing coating overlap the rafters from one side to the other by about 10 cm and fix it with a stapler. The waterproofing along the rafters is secured using counter-battens.
9. Installation of sheathing.
10. Installation of roofing material with treatment of all joints with sealant.

Having familiarized yourself with the design features, you can safely begin constructing the selected type of hipped roof. However, you should remember to get a reliable, durable and durable design should not be neglected preliminary calculations structural elements and strictly follow the work execution algorithm.

Sequence of work on the construction of the roof truss system. Video instructions