Euonymus Japanese mix. Japanese euonymus: planting and caring for shrubs in the garden. Subtleties of growing at home

Japanese euonymus (Euonymus japonicus) is a plant of the Euonymus family. Under natural conditions it grows in deciduous and mixed forests, in the subtropics or in temperate areas of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Japanese euonymus is not found on Far North and in the tropics. It is grown in the garden or park, as well as at home as an indoor or greenhouse flower.

Japanese euonymus - deciduous, evergreen with beautiful bicolor leaves and small flowers that appear in midsummer. Euonymus flowers are unremarkable, but the fruits look like small, pink lanterns. Fruits with seeds ripen closer to autumn.

Japanese euonymus.

The leaves of the plant look more decorative than the flowers; they are dense, shiny, with teeth along the edges, and have an original variegated color - yellow-green, gray-green, dark or light and bright. Gardeners have developed several new varieties of euonymus, with different colors and the shape of the leaves.

Under natural conditions, euonymus can grow up to 7 meters in height, garden culture- up to 2-3 meters, well, ah indoor euonymus does not exceed 60-70 cm in height.

Agricultural technology

Japanese euonymus does not require care, but if it does not like the growing conditions in your garden, it will grow only in early spring. The rest of the time there will be no growth of shoots.

As a rule, growth occurs over two periods per season, and with good care in the garden, the Japanese euonymus grows by 15-20 cm over the course of a year. At the end of the euonymus growth period, cones with scales appear on the tops of the shoots - these are buds, from which at the beginning of the next period growth, new leaves will appear.

These features of the development of euonymus must be taken into account for proper care after it, at the beginning of the period of active growth, it is fed with nitrogen fertilizers, then complex, and during the formation of new buds - with potassium-phosphorus.

During the dormant period, feeding is stopped, and watering is carried out only to prevent the soil from drying out. After an active growing season, the plant goes dormant and stops growing. This applies to both indoor euonymus and park varieties.

Caring for euonymus in the garden begins with its planting. To do this, prepare a soil mixture of leaf soil, turf, peat and sand, in which there should be two parts of turf, and one part of the remaining components. However, Japanese euonymus is not picky about soil; ordinary garden soil with the addition of sand is suitable for growing it. If the soil is too acidic, lime is added to it.

IN hot weather Watering the euonymus is combined with spraying with water from a hose, but this must be done before or after sunset to prevent sunburn on the leaves.

Reproduction

Japanese euonymus grown in the garden is propagated by dividing the bush, seeds and cuttings.

The division of the bush is carried out early spring before the start of the first period of active growth. 1-2 shoots are separated from the parent bush along with the roots and planted in a previously prepared place. When planting, the stems are cut to a height of 20-30 cm to reduce the load on the roots. New shoots will grow from this stem or from the roots.

To propagate euonymus by cuttings, they are cut from young shoots in June-July. The cuttings should be 6-7 cm long, with at least one internode; before planting, they are treated with a means for developing the root system.

The cuttings are rooted in a mixture of leaf and turf soil, humus and sand. The cutting takes root in 1.5-2 months, after which it is planted on permanent place, while the new plant is created necessary conditions and provide attentive care.

Euonymus propagation by seeds collected last year occurs in the summer. Before planting, they are stratified at a temperature of 2-3 degrees for 4 months. As a result of stratification, their skin should burst, this will indicate that they can be sown. The seeds are finally peeled and soaked for 1-2 hours in a pink solution of potassium permanganate.

Then they are sown in containers with moistened soil mixture and covered with a transparent cover. After the emergence of seedlings, the cover is discarded, hardening the plants at normal temperature and lighting. Young plants are planted in open ground only on next year, and before that they are given the desired temperature at home. Before planting in a permanent place in the garden, the plants are hardened off for 2-3 days, leaving them in the open air.

Euonymus at your home

There are several varieties of Japanese euonymus that can be grown at home as an indoor flower:

Japanese euonymus, or pseudolaurel, is a very heat-loving plant that can die at temperatures below +5 degrees, so it can only be grown at home or in offices. Its leaves can be variegated or single-colored, the flowers are white, blooming in late spring.
Euonymus microphyllus - this variety has variegated, yellow-green, raised leaves. The flowers are small, white, and appear in late spring. This variety is suitable for planting in the garden and for growing at home.
Dwarf euonymus has oblong bicolor leaves and red-brown flowers collected in umbels. This is a creeping type of euonymus that can be grown in hanging flowerpots as an hanging plant.

Japanese euonymus is best grown at home in a well-lit place in a room with south side- it will feel equally good in direct sunlight and in diffused light.

With the onset of summer, the flower pot can be taken out to the balcony, veranda or yard. We must not forget that this houseplant, you can’t immediately put it under the strong rays of the sun; getting used to them should happen gradually. Caring for euonymus at this time should consist of watering and spraying in the morning or evening.

As for the temperature, it should be no lower than +5-10 degrees in winter, and no higher than +25-30 degrees in summer. In winter, the euonymus enters a dormant period, and if you keep it in a warm, heated room, it will begin to shed its leaves.

Caring for indoor euonymus consists of watering and fertilizing, which the plant especially needs during the period of active growth. The buds, from which inconspicuous flowers will eventually develop, can be removed immediately so that the plant does not waste nutrients on them.

To plant euonymus at home, use a mixture of humus, turf and leaf soil, with the addition of river sand. Another option for soil mixture is turf land with peat and sand.

Favorable conditions and good care contribute to the good development of indoor euonymus, so it needs to be replanted every year at a young age, and every 3-4 years at an “old” age.

Japanese euonymus, growing at home, is fed every 20-30 days in spring and summer with mineral and organic fertilizers. In winter, during the dormant period, fertilizing and frequent watering are not needed.

Japanese euonymus needs to be pruned regularly to form a beautiful crown. During pruning, weak, small shoots are removed, as well as shoots growing inside the crown. For intensive tillering, young shoots are pinched.

This plant is ideally suited for the formation of bonsai; its lush branches can be easily given any shape, cut into a cone, a ball, or an animal figure.

Caring for indoor euonymus includes measures to protect against diseases and pests. At home, the plant becomes sick with gray rot, in which it appears on the leaves. gray plaque And brown spots. As for insect pests, scale insects and spider mites most often harm the plant. Both problems can be solved by spraying chemicals, which can be purchased at a flower shop.

Indoor euonymus is propagated in the same way as garden plant- seeds, cuttings and dividing the bush.

Watch the video: Japanese euonymus / Euonymus planting and care

Of all the variety of these plants, there is only one crop that can be grown both in the garden and at home - Japanese euonymus.

This beautiful plant with pointed dark green leaves with a lighter border. The whole plant seems to be striving upward, its side branches extend from the trunk under small angle, and dense foliage emphasizes its vertical direction. The leaves are large, dense, leathery, uneven at the edges.

In terms of growth, this is a very interesting plant. If the conditions necessary for full development are not created, then the increase in growth will only occur in early spring. The rest of the time the euonymus will simply freeze.

Over the course of a year, the euonymus adds 15-20 cm.

If the conditions for this plant are as comfortable as possible, then its growth occurs rhythmically: a period of activity will be replaced by a period of rest.

Japanese Euonymus (Euonymus japonica) - evergreen shrub, which blooms towards mid-summer. Its flowers are collected in an umbrella of 15-30 pieces and have a very interesting coloring, in which yellow and green shades predominate.

This plant is in natural conditions can grow up to 7 m tall.

It tolerates shade well and is resistant to air pollution. The fruiting period begins in September and lasts until mid-autumn.

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Varieties

There are several types of Japanese euonymus, the most common of which are:

Japanese euonymus (Pseudolaurus).

It is cultivated in Russia as a houseplant or greenhouse plant. At temperatures below +5 degrees Celsius it dies quite quickly.

This is a variegated form of Japanese euonymus. The plant reaches a height of 50 cm, rarely exceeds 15 cm in diameter. Its leaves are yellow-green, raised, and the flowers appear in late spring and have white. After the plant fades, bright boxes form on it.

Japanese dwarf euonymus

This is an evergreen creeping shrub up to 1 m high. Longitudinal grooves are clearly visible on its branches, the leaves are oblong, up to 4 cm long. Their edges are pointed, and the sides are slightly bent down. The upper side of the leaf has a bright green, and the lower one is a bluish tint. The flowers are red-brown, often solitary, small, but can be collected in small umbrellas of 2-3 copies on thin peduncles up to 2 cm long.

Planting Japanese euonymus

Euonymus is not picky about soil composition. The best option there will be the following mixture: turf, leaf soil, peat and sand in a ratio of 2:1:1:1 You can use ordinary garden soil or soil consisting of turf soil, greenhouse soil and sand in a ratio of 3:2:1

The plant is planted only in moist soil; it benefits from bottom heating during establishment.

Young specimens that are not older than 3 years can be replanted annually without much harm to the plant. Grows well on alkaline and neutral soils, lime should be added to acidic soils.

Care

Gardeners know that if a Japanese euonymus bush has produced two waves of growth, it means that it is well and competently cared for.

If cones covered with scales (euonymus buds) have formed at the top of each shoot, this indicates the end of the plant’s growth period.

When the buds begin to open, forming new leaves, you can expect another wave of euonymus growth.

This feature of plant development dictates the rule for caring for it, which is as follows: at the beginning of the active period, nitrogen fertilizers must be given, in the middle - complex fertilizers, and during the period of bud formation - phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

During the dormant period, plants do not feed. In summer, the longest shoots need to be shortened.

Caring for Japanese euonymus is not difficult. During the wave of growth, it is watered moderately, maintaining the moisture of the soil, and in no case allowing it to dry out. Spraying 2-3 times a week will benefit the plant despite the fact that it is not demanding of air humidity.

The euonymus responds to sudden changes in temperature and the appearance of pests by shedding its leaves. Therefore, you need to regularly inspect it for the presence of harmful insects. Despite the fact that this plant is poisonous to humans and any animal, insects love it very much.

For favorable development of the plant, the air temperature in summer should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius, and in winter it is necessary to maintain a range of +8-12 degrees. Despite this Japanese euonymus Tolerates cool weather quite well, but can react to heat by dropping leaves, so in room conditions It should not be kept near heating radiators.

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Reproduction

in spring garden bushes Japanese euonymus is propagated by division and green cuttings.

During transplantation, care should be taken not to damage root system. In June-July, cuttings 5-6 cm long are cut from strong young shoots, which must have one internode.

For rooting, it is better to make the following mixture: the bottom layer is made of river sand, and the top layer is made of sand, leaf, turf and humus soil. After 1.5-2 months, the cuttings will take root and the plant can be replanted.

In summer, Japanese euonymus can be propagated by seeds. Before planting, they need stratification at a temperature of +2-3 degrees for 3-4 months. When 80% of the seeds have their skins burst, this will indicate that they are ready to be planted. After this, the seeds are peeled and pickled in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Up to 6 m in height, as well as a bush. In cool areas the plant appears as a dwarf bush.

The leaves of the bush are oval and leathery. The flowers are inconspicuous, green, collected in inflorescences of several pieces. The fruits of Japanese euonymus look like a box with four nests.

Photo

Check out appearance Japanese Euonymus shrub in the photo below:

Planting and care at home

Let's consider all the stages of growing Japanese euonymus, including in the garden.

After purchase

Japanese loves warmth. In cool areas, the bush requires covering during the cold period or moving to a warm place. Although he feels fine up to a temperature of -10 degrees.

IMPORTANT! During the dormant period, it is better to place the shrub in a cool place (+10-13 degrees).

Trimming

Bush requires quite frequent formation, as well as cutting out weakened shoots. In nature, euonymus is weakly branched and has a sparse crown. With the help of pruning, the plant can be turned into an original tree or lush bush.

Watering

Bush requires abundant watering. It is advisable to settle the water. Japanese euonymus strongly suffers from dry soil and dies due to severe moisture deficiency. In hot weather it is necessary to maintain required level soil moisture, but at the same time do not overfill.

In winter, and especially when kept cool, the bush should be watered less frequently and less abundantly.

Japanese euonymus responds well to spraying and a warm shower, which is necessary to clean the leaves of accumulated dust.

Disembarkation

The plant can be planted in any universal soil mixture , adding a little baking powder.

The soil is also made up independently from a double volume of turf, equal volumes of sand, turf, leaf and humus soil.

Transfer

Japanese euonymus requires annual replanting in the spring.

This applies to young shrubs. Older bushes are replanted every three to four years.

PLEASE NOTE! If the transplantation process is impossible due to the large size of the bush, then only top part soil and cover with fresh substrate.

Reproduction

Japanese euonymus propagated in spring by cuttings and by dividing the bush, and in the warm period – seeds.

The seed should be stratified at +3 degrees for three months. The procedure lasts until the skin of the seeds bursts.

The seed should be cleaned of its roots, neutralized in a potassium permanganate solution and stratified in calcined sand. The soil should consist of two parts humus, four parts leaf soil, one part turf and sand.

When propagating by division, it is important not to damage and be extremely careful with the root system.

Cuttings are cut in summer from very young shoots. The stalk is cut up to 5 cm long. It must have an internode.

Rooted in a two-layer substrate, in the lower layer of which there is sand, and in the upper layer - a composition of turf, sand, humus and leaf soil. The rooting process lasts 2-2.5 months.

Temperature

Practically a shrub cannot tolerate hot temperatures.

The optimal range is considered to be from 18 to 25 degrees.

IN winter period better stick to it temperature regime up to 12 degrees, this will help ensure a period of rest for the euonymus.

In winter, during the period of maximum work heating devices, the plant often sheds its leaves.

Lighting

Japanese euonymus loves diffused but bright light. It tolerates exposure to a small number of direct rays of the sun quite normally. Euonymus with variegated foliage loves bright light.

USEFUL TO KNOW! With a lack of light, the leaves lose their contrast or become discolored altogether.

Benefits and harms

Japanese euonymus is used in gardens and urban beautification for decorative purposes. In apartments and other rooms this plant is also used as decoration. But any part of the bush considered poisonous for both people and animals!

Diseases and pests

Japanese euonymus is capable of damage spider mites, scale insects, aphids, mealybugs. If an infestation by these pests is detected, you should use chemicals spraying method.

The shrub is practically not subject to fungal infection.

If the light is too bright, the ends of the leaves may curl and dry out. With excess moisture in the soil, Japanese euonymus loses lower leaves and stops its development.

Drops leaves shrub also with increased dryness and high temperature.

Japanese euonymus is prone to shedding leaves as a response to any change in maintenance conditions or improper care. It is for this reason the bush loves peace and constant conditions.