Thermal insulation of pipelines is a method actively used to reduce heat losses certain systems, to reduce the temperature of communications, aimed at safe daily use. Without the use of this technology, it is quite problematic to guarantee winter time uninterrupted operation of networks, since the risk of freezing and, as a consequence, failure of pipes is extremely high.
Thermal insulation pipes provides for a number of technical regulatory documents, compliance with which is mandatory during design, installation and operation engineering systems residential and public buildings, and other objects for various purposes.
More detailed information stated on the website:
It should be noted that industrial thermal insulation refers to the thermal insulation of pipelines, containers, as well as equipment and tanks.
Thermal insulation is carried out to prevent cooling of the liquid present in the pipes or to avoid the formation of condensation on the equipment. If heat loss is not so important, then this process necessary for TB compliance.
Various versions of insulators are being considered for insulating pipes used for gas transportation.
Thermal insulation of the gas pipeline is carried out using a special varnish or paint, but usually they resort to modern protective materials, meeting all the requirements for this, namely:
- the insulator for the gas pipeline must be endowed with the potential of a monolithic, uniform installation on the pipe;
- the material for thermal insulation of the pipeline must be characterized by a low coefficient of water absorption and have high waterproofing qualities;
- protect the structure from destructive ultra-radiation.
Insulation of underground networks
Thermal insulation – prerequisite when laying both water supply and sewerage systems. Insulating pipelines will help avoid freezing in winter and eliminate heat loss.
All insulation work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements clearly formulated and prescribed in SNiP.
Thermal insulation requirements
Regulatory documents contain detailed information about materials and methods of work. The applicable standards for thermal insulation contours are also indicated here, and certain recommendations are presented.
Types of thermal insulation materials
Thermal insulation is divided into types with certain properties and is produced in the following forms:
- sentiments;
- cylinders;
- mats;
- half cylinders;
- rolls.
Types of thermal insulation:
The list outlined above is not exhaustive; the market is regularly updated with new options in this area.
Thermal insulation with mineral wool
Of all the types of insulation available today, mineral wool is characterized by the lowest cost; the advantage is the ease of installation of insulation. Thermal insulation of pipelines with mineral wool - process:
- a roll of wool is cut into strips 200 mm thick (across) and they are then wrapped around the pipes, first with a layer of mineral wool (100 mm thick), on top with a tightly layer of fiberglass;
- Mineral wool should be laid evenly and should not wrinkle.
Mineral wool is considered as thermal insulation for pipelines of significant diameter; it is applicable for heating routes of urban networks and for sewerage systems, for sewer systems small diameter and for water supply pipes - not practiced.
Thermal insulation of external pipelines
The choice of thermal insulation materials for external laying of heating pipes is quite large and are offered in the form of roll-type mats. 
The pliability of the material allows them to be given a shaped shape for ease of installation; insulation materials are offered that are applied in liquid form, their further qualities appear after hardening.
Removable thermal insulation in a galvanized casing is widely used in linear sections of pipelines.
Foam rubber in the form of tubes or rolls, depending on the diameter of the pipes, is used as thermal insulation of pipes and parts of process pipelines; it is installed in several layers, depending on the required thickness thermal insulation.
An interesting method for thermal insulation is a cover layer, the types of which can be found on the website:
Thermal insulation materials used on pipelines laid on outdoors and directly on the surface of the earth, will allow hot water not to cool down on the way to the consumer, and all types of pipes are insulated:
- plastic;
- metal;
- polymer;
- metal-plastic;
- composite.
Moreover, when independently thermally insulating communications in a private house, it is easier to work with pre-insulated pipes and self-adhesive insulation, and it is recommended to use additional winding, for example, aluminum tape, as an assistant to eliminate shortcomings.
Calculation of heat loss. The methodology for calculating possible heat losses by a pipeline, taking into account the actual temperatures of the coolant and air surrounding the system, the properties and thickness of thermal insulation, can be found here:
Thermal insulation materials for pipelines, including polyurethane foam and glass wool, are highly effective insulating materials in all their qualities.
Polyurethane foam as pipeline insulation is environmentally friendly and effective insulation. It is characterized by a neutral odor, is not susceptible to fungus, is endowed with increased resistance to harmful environments, does not collapse, and is completely harmless to humans and the environment. 
Directly for pipes large diameter The spraying method is used, as a result of which seamless continuous insulation is formed and a peak reduction in heat loss is guaranteed. Spraying is carried out at the work site, using special equipment for thermal insulation of pipelines; the simplicity and speed of the procedure is a clear advantage. For work on pipes of small diameter, shells based on polyurethane foam are considered, providing high level thermal insulation, this method is affordable.
Thermal insulation using glass wool meets all the requirements for thermal insulation materials. 
The material is offered in the form of rolls, mats, slabs of different thicknesses, sizes and densities. Glass wool is somewhat inconvenient for installation and requires additional insulation and sealing, which increases the cost of the work and its duration.
Drawing up an estimate for pipeline insulation
Work on thermal insulation of pipelines is impossible without drawing up a preliminary estimate, which spells out “step by step” the entire sequence of work performed, on the basis of which the cost of the work is formed.
You can familiarize yourself with the rules for drawing up estimates on the website:
How pipeline insulation work is carried out
Thermal insulation must be carried out in accordance with current standards and regulations, which guarantees effective energy saving and increased useful life
.The installation of thermal insulation of pipelines, based on the article, can actually be done using various materials, but taking into account certain factors and, above all, the direct purpose of the future installed system.
For example, the thermal insulation of pipelines with a high temperature of the medium transported through it is best done using cylinder insulation (PUF shell), additionally laminated with foil cardboard or foil.
Brief device for thermal insulation of pipelines
Preliminary stage:
- complete completion installation work(metalwork, welding);
- cleaning with steel shields (manually) or using sandblasting machines the surfaces and joints of the pipeline, degreasing;
- testing the strength and tightness of welds ( visual inspection, pressure test, control (if necessary) using special equipment));
- application of special compounds – epoxy primers (as an example).
It is interesting to visually familiarize yourself with the installation process:
The basic rule for installing thermal insulation(cylinders are used for insulation): installation work begins from the flange connection, with the cylinders installed close to each other with horizontal seams staggered. The structure is secured with bandages (about two per product) to the pipeline. Between bandages it is necessary to maintain an interval of 500 mm, and side seams cylinders should be spaced apart. The bandages themselves are secured with buckles. The material used to make the bandage can be painted packaging tape (0.7 x 20 mm) or aluminum tape (up to 30 mm wide).
In the case when thermal insulation of pipes is carried out with half-cylinders made of hard materials (Sovelite, vulcanite, diatomite, etc.), they are installed dry or on mastic. Calc-silica, perlite-cement, foam diatomite, etc. segments are also used. The mats are laid with overlapping seams and secured at intervals of 500 mm with wire hangers. The longitudinal seam is sewn with soft wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm. The outside of the mats is secured with bandages. The following materials are used during installation: bandage buckles ( , TU 36-1492-77), or buckles made of galvanized sheet steel 0.8 mm thick (GOST 7118-78). The bandages are made from packaging or aluminum tape 0.8 mm thick. According to SNiP 2.04.14-88, the use of rings made of galvanized or black annealed wire with a diameter of 2 mm is allowed; as well as wire rings (diameter 1.2 mm) made of stainless steel.
The cost of a bandage buckle TYPE 1A according to TU 36.16.22-64-92 is 7.30 rubles/piece.
Mostly, protective coating secured with screws or bands. For internal pipelines with positive temperatures of substances transported through them, cylinders lined with aluminum foil are used. This insulation can be used without a protective coating. As a bandage, it is recommended to use tape made of aluminum and aluminum alloys (width 20-30 mm, thickness 0.8 mm) and aluminum buckles. For a cold water supply pipeline (the temperature of the substances transported through it is below 12 degrees C), as well as a process pipeline, exceptional is used as insulation. In this case it is necessary to install vapor barrier layer, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.14-88 “Thermal insulation of pipeline equipment”. The seams of the vapor barrier layer must be carefully sealed. Tears and punctures of the vapor barrier layer are not allowed. When using aluminum foil-laminated cylinders for installation, it is possible not to use a vapor barrier layer unless the project requires it. However, it is necessary to seal the seams and joints of the installed cylinders well. During installation, ruptures and punctures of aluminum foil are possible. If such damage is present, these places are sealed with sealing materials. When using cylinders,, for thermal insulation of cold water supply and process pipelines, with the temperature of transported substances below 12 ° C, it is recommended to install a protective layer under the metal protective coating to protect the foil from damage. In this case, it is recommended to secure the protective coating with bandages. When using cylinders on vertical sections of pipelines, unloading devices should be installed every 3-4 meters along the pipe height to prevent the thermal insulation layer and coating from slipping. For channel pipelines and tunnels, it is recommended to use it without subsequent installation of a protective coating. Thermal insulation cylinders made of mineral wool based on fiber from rocks are a highly effective environmentally friendly thermal insulation material that meets fire safety requirements. Hydrophobization, fire safety and lower price, compared to imported materials from foam rubber and polystyrene, makes the cylinders competitive for use in domestic practice as thermal insulation of cold water supply pipelines and technological systems negative temperatures. Cylinders, as form-stable products, they can be used in thermal insulation structures of horizontal pipelines without installing support structures. They can also be used as a heat-insulating material with the base of coupling and flange fittings of small diameters (valves, check valves) and flange connections. Laminated cylinders may be used in rooms and ducts (heating networks, water supply) without installing a covering layer. Also foil-laminated cylinders, it is possible to use without a vapor barrier layer in pipelines with negative temperatures. In this case, it is necessary to ensure sealing of seams and places where the foil is damaged. This insulation option significantly reduces the cost of structures and thermal insulation work. Thermal insulation of pipelines is necessary both to protect the pipelines themselves from exposure external temperatures, and to avoid losses from the pipelines themselves. For example, cold water supply pipelines are thermally insulated from the effects of low outside temperatures. And steam pipelines, heating networks and hot water supply pipelines are insulated to reduce heat loss during external environment. For thermal insulation work they are used various materials, but the most popular is foil mineral wool. However, when insulating high-temperature objects (for example, thermal insulation of a boiler), it is more effective to use basalt products. This material is the easiest to use. Also except correct selection material, it is necessary to clearly know for what specific purposes the thermal insulation will be used. Wrong choice thermal insulation materials leads to frequent repairs pipelines, and sometimes even to emergency situations.
To also learn about the possibilities of thermal insulation of tanks, thermal insulation of boilers, thermal insulation of chimneys and more technological equipment, we recommend contacting our specialists by phone or E-mail.
installation of thermal insulation of pipelines
Regardless of whether a high-rise building or a small one is being built wooden house, if there are communications in it, they must be correctly placed and mounted. While there are no particular problems with electrical, telephone and other wires, errors in the installation of heating, water supply and sewerage pipelines can lead to not the most pleasant consequences.
Errors during the installation of the pipeline itself can cause leaks at the joints and can be eliminated quite easily. But errors when installing thermal insulation of pipelines lead to freezing of pipes, and as a result, their rupture in the most critical suitable places. So, the first and most obvious advantage that the owner receives if he correctly organizes the installation of thermal insulation of pipelines is the absence stressful situations related to pipeline accidents.
In addition, thermal insulation performs the following functions:
- prevents exposure to aggressive external environments;
- minimizes heat exchange with environment, reducing heat loss;
- maintains system functionality.
materials for thermal insulation of pipelines
Having realized the need for thermal insulation, the owner of a private house (brick, log house, foam blocks, etc.) begins to select the materials from which the installation will be made.
Let's look in detail, as far as the space of the article allows, at each type of thermal insulation materials and the features of their installation.
- Fiberglass insulation.
They are most popular among installers. Quite light, non-flammable material, not subject to rotting, is also popularly known as “glass wool”, “mineral wool”. Can be supplied in the form of rolls or in the form of pressed slabs. Due to its fibrous structure, it absorbs moisture well. During installation, this feature should be taken into account and insulated pipes should be covered with water-repellent material (roofing felt, polyethylene, fiberglass).
Glass wool is not suitable for insulating underground pipelines. In addition, when installing it, the compaction coefficient should be taken into account (fiberglass insulation gets compacted over time).
- Basalt mineral wool.
They are plates and cylinders molded and specially processed. Quite durable, they, like glass wool, are non-flammable, durable, at the same time do not absorb moisture and are perfect for installing both underground and above-ground communications.
Many manufacturers use aluminum foil as additional moisture and heat insulation.
Seeing enough high cost, basalt seals are not as popular as glass wool, but with their help it is convenient to install thermal insulation of pipelines in problem areas (tees, bends, and so on).
Installation work using basalt forms does not require special skills and can be done independently.
- Polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene).
Imagine a pipe made of foam plastic and sawn in half, with each half of the resulting pipe equipped with a groove and a tenon for greater joint strength and you will get a complete picture of these so-called “shells”.
Considering the characteristics of foam plastic, we can say that such insulation is perfect for insulating both above-ground and underground pipelines.
To install such thermal insulation, it is enough to simply connect the two halves of the shell into one, and tie them together using special glue or ordinary tape. Experienced installers advise moving the pipe halves slightly relative to each other by 10-15 cm. This will provide the so-called “overlap”. To bypass difficult areas(turns, bends, tees) special shaped shells are used.
- Polyurethane foam.
polyurethane foam spraying
Installation of pipeline thermal insulation with polyurethane foam can be done in several ways.
- Spraying polyurethane foam onto the installed pipeline. In this case special composition Using a sprayer, it is applied to the surface of the pipe, firmly adhering to it. Subsequent foaming transforms the liquid into a durable porous material with high thermal insulation characteristics. It should be noted here that polyurethane foam does not tolerate ultraviolet radiation well. Contact with direct sunlight leads to the destruction of thermal insulation. For this reason, after it has hardened, the pipes must be hidden either with a layer of roofing felt or in another way (just painting with oil paint is enough).
- Use special forms (the principle is the same as when working with foam shells).
- Some companies produce products that can be conditionally called “pipe in pipe” in this case inner tube made of metal and is the basis of the pipeline. Outer pipe made of plastic (if the pipe is intended for underground installation) or galvanized steel (for ground heating pipes) and performs water-repellent and protective functions. The gap between the pipes is filled with polyurethane foam.
The thickness of spraying and thermal insulation can vary widely and depends on operating conditions and requirements for thermal insulation.
A few words about thermal insulation manufacturers.
As for manufacturers of fiberglass insulation, the most famous on the Russian market are Ursa, Isover, Knauf. These are the brands that can most often be seen on the shelves of construction stores. These are economy class materials.
Thermal insulation of Rockwool pipelines is a little less known on the market in our country, but the higher quality of workmanship, combined with a slight price difference compared to competitors, means that installers are increasingly choosing their products to carry out work.
If the thermal insulation of pipelines is carried out correctly, this will significantly increase the service life of the system and ensure maximum effective work. The thermal insulation of heating pipelines itself must be carried out in accordance with all established norms and standards.
Basic rules of thermal insulation
So, in general, there are several basic requirements (recommendations, rules) that should be observed when installing thermal insulation:- For thermal insulation, materials should be used high quality, the characteristics of which are suitable for operating conditions.
- Installation of thermal insulation is carried out exclusively by specialists; this is the only way to guarantee correct and high-quality execution all works.
- Completion of all metalwork and welding work;
- Checking the density and strength of the surface;
- Coating of the pipeline with anti-corrosion agents.
Installation of thermal insulation: cylinder design
Thermal insulation of process pipelines will be most effective if it is a prefabricated or fully prefabricated system. In other words it will be cylinder design. The essence of the work is quite simple: laying thermal insulation on the pipe with its further adjustment and strengthening.When performing work, some requirements for thermal insulation of pipelines must be observed:
- Installation should begin from the flange connections, while the thermal insulation cylinders should be mounted as tightly as possible;
- The seams should not form one continuous horizontal line;
- Special bandages are used as fastening: two per cylinder (in increments of 40-50 cm);
- The bandage is attached using buckles, which are made of aluminum or packing tape.
It should be noted that insulation materials such as perlite cement, foam diatomite and siliceous lime segments are often used as thermal insulation. After the volume of thermal insulation of the pipeline has been calculated, the material in the form of mats should be laid in such a way that all seams are covered; then the insulation is fixed to the pipes using wire hangers in increments of 50 cm.
What is noteworthy is that in the event of a thermal insulation element of the structure failing, you can easily selectively dismantle the thermal insulation of pipelines and replace the damaged element with a new one.
Thermal insulation and temperature of the structure features
It should be remembered that the calculation of the thickness of pipeline insulation depends on some important factors, for example, as the temperature of the substance transported through pipes. If a substance has very high temperature, then thermal insulation is carried out using cylinders that are laminated with aluminum foil. For of this type No protective coating is used for thermal insulation. It is recommended to use aluminum-based material as a bandage.In the event that water passes through the pipeline, the temperature of which does not exceed 12 ° C, the thickness of the thermal insulation of the pipelines can be increased, and hydrofibized cylinders are used as an insulator. As additional protection, a vapor barrier is installed, and the seams of the structure must be properly insulated (taped).
Attention! If the vapor barrier layer is damaged, it should be properly glued or completely replaced with a new one.
In general, it becomes clear that the calculation of thermal insulation of pipelines is made depending on the type of insulation, climatic factors and the liquid that is transmitted through the pipes.
“Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures”, order of the Ministry of Regional Development Russian Federation dated December 30, 2009 No. “On approval of the List of types of work on engineering surveys, on the preparation of design documentation, on construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects that affect the safety of capital construction projects.”
This standard was developed in development of the normative provisions of SP 60.13330.2012 “SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning” and SP 61.13330.2012 “SNiP 41-03-2003 Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines”.
Authors' team: A.V. Samsonenko(Role Isomarket LLC), A.V. Busakhin(LLC "Third Installation Directorate "Promventilation"), Ph.D. econ. Sciences D.L. Kuzin(BUT "APIK"), doc. tech. spider A.M. Grimitlin(NP "NW Center ABOK"), G.K. Osadchiy(MAXHOL Technologies LLC), F .IN. Tokarev(NP "ISZS-Montazh").
STANDARD OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUILDERS
1 Application area
1.1 This standard applies to thermal insulation structures (hereinafter referred to as thermal insulation structures) intended for equipment, pipelines and air ducts utility networks located in premises of categories B, D, D (according to SP 12.13130, clause 4.1).
1.2 This standard establishes the requirements, rules and control of thermal insulation work using thermal insulation structures and their elements made of pipes or rolls of foamed polyethylene or synthetic foam rubber, as well as cylinders or mats of mineral or glass fiber.
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative references to the following standards and codes of practice:
Ensure that the temperature of the outer surface of the thermal insulation structure is safe for humans in accordance with SP 61.13330 (clause 4.2).
5.5 Installation of thermal insulation structures must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 61.13330 and this standard.
6 Technology for performing thermal insulation work
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 Thermal insulation work should be carried out only when the facility is completely ready. Construction and installation work is considered fully completed if the pipelines and equipment are in the designed position and pressure tested in accordance with the work project, which must be confirmed by the relevant acts.
6.1.2 Installation of thermal insulation is carried out according to working documentation in accordance with the project for carrying out work on thermal insulation and taking into account the construction organization project.
6.1.8 In order to increase productivity and achieve high quality of thermal insulation work, it is recommended to use prefabricated thermal insulation structures manufactured in workshops.
6.2 Installation of thermal insulation of pipelines of heating networks of heating systems, hot and cold water supply, technological systems
6.2.1 In thermal insulation structures on pipelines, thermal insulation products in the form of tubes should be used as thermal insulation, and if there are no tubes of the required standard size in the manufactured range, thermal insulation products in the form of rolls should be used.
6.2.2 Fastenings thermal insulation products on pipelines, depending on the type of material, must be performed in the manner recommended by the manufacturer. Requirements for installing tubes and rolls made of materials with a closed cell structure are set out in series 5.904.9-78.08.
6.2.3 To attach tubes to pipelines, the longitudinal and transverse seams of the products should be glued with contact adhesive recommended by the manufacturer. It is recommended to additionally seal the seams of the products with reinforced self-adhesive tape.
1 - bandage; 2 - ribbon
Notes
1 For the bandage, it is allowed to use metal tapes with an anti-corrosion coating made of stainless steel, aluminum alloys or polyamide.
2 The material of the bandage used to secure the covering layer must match the material from which the coating is made.
3 The material used to make the buckle (Pos. 2) must match the material from which the bandage is made (galvanized or stainless steel, aluminum alloy sheets).
6.2.5 To attach sheets (rolls) to pipelines, the seams of the products should be glued with contact adhesive recommended by the manufacturer. It is recommended to additionally seal the seams of the products with reinforced self-adhesive tape, and also secure the products with bandages made of reinforced self-adhesive tape, located in increments of 500 to 600 mm.
6.2.6 For thermal insulation of bends, tees, transitions and fittings, thermal insulating elements made of products in the form of tubes, cylinders, sheets or mats should be manufactured at the work site. The figure shows two options for thermal insulation of branches, differing in pipeline diameters.
a) insulation of the outlet with thermal insulating tubes (D n≤ 160 mm);
b) insulation of the outlet with thermal insulation sheets (D n> 160 mm)
1 - tube from thermal insulation material at D n≤ 160 mm; 2 - sheet of thermal insulation material at D n> 160 mm; 3 - glue; 4 - reinforced self-adhesive tape
6.2.7 In multilayer thermal insulation structures intended for pipelines, the installation of the second and subsequent layers of thermal insulation is carried out by overlapping the seams of each previous layer. The seams of all layers of thermal insulation are glued together with contact adhesive. It is recommended to additionally seal the seams of the outer layer with reinforced self-adhesive tape.
Two-layer thermal insulation of a tee coated with metal shells and fastened with self-tapping screws is shown in the figure.
1
- tube made of heat-insulating material; 2
- sheet of thermal insulation material;
3
- glue; 4
5,6
- metal shells;
7
- self-tapping screw with press washer, galvanized, drill tip
Bandages are installed in increments of 500 to 600 mm. The figure shows the design of a thermally insulated pipeline with a metal shell, using bandage fastening.
1
- tube made of heat-insulating material at D n≤ 160 mm (sheet of thermal insulation material at D n> 160 mm); 2
- glue; 3
- reinforced self-adhesive tape;
4
- metal shell; 5
- bandage with buckle
6.2.11 When thermally insulating vertical pipelines with metal covering material, depending on the thickness of the thermal insulation and the height of the pipeline, support structures(unloading devices) that prevent deformation and sliding of the covering material.
Unloading devices are located in increments of 3 to 4 m along the height of the pipeline or equipment. In these same places, expansion joints are provided in the metal covering material. The design of unloading devices should not have through heat-conducting inclusions.
Unloading devices are made of metal or lumber. Unloading devices made from lumber must be impregnated with antiseptic compounds or fire retardants in accordance with GOST R 53292 and GOST 20022.5.
6.3 Installation of thermal insulation of reservoirs of heating networks of heating systems, hot and cold water supply, technological systems
6.3.1 In thermal insulation structures of tanks, thermal insulation products in the form of rolls and mats should be used as thermal insulation.
6.3.2 Fastening thermal insulation products to tanks, depending on the type of material, must be performed in the manner recommended by the manufacturer. For example, the requirements for installing rolls made of materials with a closed cell structure are set out in series 5.904.9-78.08. An option for performing thermal insulation on a horizontal tank is shown in the figure.
6.3.3 If the temperature of the insulated surface is below +90 °C, it is recommended to use products in the form of rolls with a self-adhesive backing.
6.3.4 Installation of coatings (linings) and linings on vertical tanks (Figure ) should be carried out from bottom to top with an overlap of 40 to 50 mm.
1
- sheet of heat-insulating material; 2
- glue; 3
- metal shell;
4
- aluminum self-adhesive tape; 5
- silicone sealant
1 - sheet of thermal insulation material; 2 - glue; 3 - aluminum self-adhesive tape
6.3.5 In multi-layer thermal insulation structures for tanks, the installation of the second and subsequent layers of thermal insulation is carried out by overlapping the seams of the previous layer. Sheets (rolls) of each subsequent layer must be glued to the previous one. The seams between products of the same layer are taped with reinforced self-adhesive tape.
6.3.6 Installation of thermal insulation of supports and tank heads is carried out in accordance with the working documentation.
6.4 Thermal insulation of equipment, pipelines and air ducts of ventilation and air conditioning systems
6.4.1 To ensure the quality of work performed when installing thermal insulation, the requirements of , , , and this standard should be followed.
6.4.2 Fastenings of thermal insulation products on pipelines and air ducts, depending on the type of material, must be carried out in the manner recommended by the manufacturer. For example, the requirements for installing materials with a closed cell structure are set out in series 5.904.9-78.08. The figure shows a thermal insulation structure made with self-adhesive thermal insulation material.
The thermal insulation structure, shown in the figure, is made using self-adhesive thermal insulation materials and a self-adhesive metal shell.
1 - sheet of self-adhesive thermal insulation material; 2 - glue;
3 - reinforced self-adhesive tape
6.4.3 When installing thermal insulation structures designed to prevent condensation of moisture from the outside air on the surface, materials with a closed cellular structure should be selected as thermal insulation materials.
6.4.4 Installation of the covering (lining) and cladding must be carried out with an overlap of 40 to 50 mm along the longitudinal and transverse seams.
1 - sheet of self-adhesive thermal insulation material; 2 - glue;
3 - self-adhesive metal shell; 4 - silicone sealant
7 Monitoring the performance of thermal insulation work
7.1 Monitoring the performance of work on thermal insulation of engineering systems in buildings and structures should be carried out based on the requirements and provisions of the working documentation.
When monitoring installation work, compliance with the requirements must be checked, taking into account factors 5.1, as well as provisions 7.2 - 7.8.
Quality certificate.
7.3 Upon final acceptance of the thermal insulation structure at the facility, it is necessary to check that the temperature on the surface of the thermal insulation structure corresponds to the safe temperature (SP 61.13330). Temperature is measured by any verified instrument that has a verification mark in the device passport or a verification certificate in accordance with the requirements of SP 61.13330.
7.4 Operational control of the performance of thermal insulation work is carried out in accordance with the Appendix.
7.5 Upon implementation operational control The thermal insulation structure is checked:
a) before laying the thermal insulation material:
Cleanliness of the insulated surface - visually;
Availability of anti-corrosion protection - visually;
Compliance of the thickness of the heat-insulating material used with the requirements of the RD, measuring the thickness, for example, using a thickness gauge according to GOST 28702 (Tables 1 - 3);
Compliance of the cover layer material with the material specified in the RD;
b) during installation of thermal insulation material:
Gluing seams and joints of heat-insulating material with glue and tape - visually;
The absence of counter overlaps (against the direction of flow of rainwater or flowing moisture) on the cover layer - visually;
No damage to the thermal insulation layer - visually;
Overlap assembly seams V multilayer structures- visually;
c) after completion of installation of thermal insulation material and structural design:
Fastening the cover layer - visually;
No damage to the surface of the coating layer - visually;
Absence of damage to the surface of the coating (lining), if any, visually;
Correspondence appearance and constructive design of thermal insulation according to working documentation - visually.
7.6 Acceptance control of thermal insulation work is carried out after completion of installation of thermal insulation structures.
During the acceptance inspection process, defects are identified, which should include:
Deviation from the data given in the working documentation regarding materials, structures and method of installation of insulation;
Inconsistency of the thickness of the thermal insulation layer with the data of the working documentation;
Mechanical damage to insulation;
Loose fit of the heat-insulating layer to the surface of the insulated object;
Lack of thermal insulation at the locations of the supports;
Failure to comply with the rules for the location of longitudinal and transverse seams of coatings (linings) and claddings.
7.7 After comparing the installed thermal insulation structure with the data from the working documentation and taking into account the changes made during the installation process, a final defective list is drawn up, where all actual figures, established during delivery and acceptance (Appendix).
8 Requirements for reporting and technical documentation
8.1 Reporting and technical documentation completed for transfer to the technical customer at the stage of delivery and acceptance of completed work.
8.2 For high-quality installation work and compliance with all technological operations, the working documentation accepted for production must satisfy.
8.3 Standard series of working drawings of thermal insulation can be used as working drawings. Thus, for polymer insulation with a closed cell structure, you can use the standard series 5.904.9-78.08.
8.4 If the working documentation accepted for production uses technical solutions thermal insulation standard series with the corresponding drawings, the technical installation sheet must contain a link to the sheets of the series, which show the corresponding designs.
8.5 The technical installation list must comply with GOST 21.405 (the form is given in the appendix of this standard) and, in addition, contain general data related to the thermal insulation structures being performed:
Information about the estimated ambient temperature;
Results of thermal engineering calculations;
Purpose of thermal insulation for certain types of equipment and pipelines;
Requirements for the manufacture of thermal insulation structures and their installation
8.6 Equipment specifications are drawn up according to technical installation sheets and working drawings.
8.7 The equipment specification is drawn up in accordance with the appendix and must contain the following sections:
Thermal insulation products;
Cover layer products and materials;
Fastening products (including adhesives, self-adhesive tapes, etc.).
9 Rules for safe work performance
9.1 Before the start of thermal insulation work, premises must be allocated at the construction site for storing materials and tools, as well as a workshop for preparing thermal insulation structures and performing technological operations.
9.2 Work must be performed in special clothing.
9.3 Before starting thermal insulation work, it is necessary to ensure safety standards in accordance with SNiP 12-04-2002 (section 12).
Operational control of thermal insulation work
|
Object |
Before laying thermal insulation material |
During installation of thermal insulation material |
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|
Cleanliness of the insulated surface |
Availability of anti-corrosion protection |
Correspondence of the thickness of the thermal insulation material specified in the RD |
Compliance of the cover layer with that specified in the RD |
Gluing seams and joints of the heat-insulating layer with glue |
Taping seams and joints of the heat-insulating layer |
No counter overlaps (against the flow of rainwater) on the cover layer |
No damage to the thermal insulation layer |
Overlap installation seams in multilayer designs |
|
|
Fittings |
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|
Air ducts |
|||||||||
|
Capacities |
|||||||||
|
Technological equipment |
|||||||||
Continuation of the table
|
Object |
After completing the installation of thermal insulation material |
|||
|
Attaching the cover layer |
Absence damage cover layer |
Absence damage on surfaces coatings (linings) |
Correspondence appearance thermal insulation designs according to RD |
|
|
Pipelines for heating and water supply systems |
||||
|
Refrigeration piping |
||||
|
Fittings |
||||
|
Air ducts |
||||
|
Capacities |
||||
|
Technological equipment |
||||
Defect sheet form
|
No. |
Object |
Characteristics of defects |
Description of work to eliminate defects |
Unit of measurement |
Quantity |
Note |
