If fertilizers were immediately applied to the soil when planting grape seedlings, fertilizing the grapes will not be required in the next three or four years. For good fruiting, mature bushes require certain microelements, which even in fertile soil are not always sufficient.

In the photo there are grapes

Grape plants develop and bear fruit best in soil rich in nutrients. But over time, the content of useful microelements in the soil steadily decreases, and without fertilization, the soil becomes depleted. In such conditions, grape yields noticeably deteriorate, the bushes grow poorly, suffering from drought and frost.

It would seem that it is enough to feed the grape bushes several times a season complex fertilizers, and the plants will come to life again. However, in grapes, the need for different nutrients varies depending on the phase of the growing season. And if you want to succeed in viticulture, you should definitely understand how certain microelements affect grapes, at what time plants need them especially, and how they should be added to the soil.

Video about proper feeding and fertilizer for grapes

Nutrients needed by grapes:

• Nitrogen. Responsible for the growth of green mass (leaves and shoots), therefore the bulk of nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the spring, at the very beginning of the grape growing season. In summer, the need for nitrogen decreases, but from August, nitrogen fertilizers become harmful to grape bushes, since untimely rapid growth of greenery will prevent the ripening of wood. Added in the form of urea or ammonium nitrate.
• Phosphorus. The vineyard needs it most at the very beginning of flowering: thanks to phosphorus fertilizing (superphosphate), inflorescences develop better, berries set and grapes ripen.
• Potassium. Closer to autumn, it is very useful to feed the vineyard with potassium chloride, as it accelerates the ripening of grapevines and fruits, and also prepares the plants well for winter.
• Copper. Helps increase frost and drought resistance of shoots, enhances their growth.
• Bor. Adding boric acid to the soil helps increase the sugar content of grapes and speed up their ripening. In addition, boron stimulates pollen germination.
• Zinc. Thanks to this microelement, grape yields significantly increase.

The photo shows phosphorus fertilizer

Calcium, magnesium, sulfur and iron are also useful for grapes, but these elements are usually found in sufficient quantities in the soil. It is not necessary to additionally feed the vineyard with them.

You can feed grapes with one-component mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, potassium salt, potassium chloride, superphosphate, etc.), fertilizers containing two or three elements (nitrophoska, ammophos), or complex ones (Kemira, Florovit, Rastvorin, Novofert, Aquarin).

But only one mineral fertilizers will not be enough: grapes need manure to fully utilize the incoming nutrients. The addition of manure improves the aeration and water permeability of the soil, and also stimulates the development in the soil of microorganisms that grape roots need for the best absorption of microelements. In addition, rotted manure provides the vineyard with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other useful substances.

Instead of manure, you can use compost as an effective and affordable remedy for any gardener. Food waste, tops, grass clippings, sawdust, bird droppings and pet manure, wood ash, chopped branches and other organic waste are suitable for preparing compost. Ready compost is rich in useful substances no less than manure.

Photo of mineral fertilizers

Another valuable organic fertilizer is bird droppings. It also contains the most important elements for grapes in a highly digestible form. A week and a half before use, bird droppings are diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4, and before direct application to the ground, an infusion is made, diluting with water another 10 times. Half a liter of infusion is consumed per grape bush.

Well, instead of potassium chloride, which can harm the vineyard due to high content chlorine, it is better to use ash. It will provide the grape bushes with a supply of not only potassium, but also phosphorus. The most useful is the ash from.

To feed root system grapes, you should dig grooves about 40 cm deep around each bush at a distance of at least 50 cm from the trunk. Through such grooves, the main roots of plants absorb nutrients much more efficiently, especially if you combine fertilizing with watering the grapes.

In the photo feeding grapes

When to apply fertilizer:

• in the spring, before opening the bushes after wintering, superphosphate (20 g), ammonium nitrate (10 g) and potassium salt (5 g) are dissolved in 10 liters of water - this portion is enough to water one grape bush;
• a couple of weeks before the grapes begin to bloom, they are fed with the same aqueous solution;
• before the grapes ripen, the soil in the vineyard is fertilized with superphosphate and potassium fertilizers (nitrogen is not added);
• After harvesting the fruits, the grapes are fed with potassium fertilizers to increase the winter hardiness of the plants.

During spring feeding, you can use slurry instead of mineral fertilizers: for one square meter 1 kg of solution is consumed per planting.

Once every three years in the autumn months, the vineyard should be fertilized with manure with the addition of ash, superphosphate and ammonium sulfate. Fertilizer is distributed over the surface of the earth, after which deep digging is done. If on a plot of soil of sandy loam type, it is worth applying fertilizers for digging every year, then on sandy soil - annually.

Foliar feeding of grapes for a better harvest

Through grape leaves, beneficial substances dissolved in water are remarkably absorbed. Therefore, in addition to the usual root feeding, it is advisable to also carry out foliar feeding - along the leaves. This will help the plants develop better, produce maximum yield and tolerate winter frosts well.

Regardless of the fertilization of the root system, the grape foliage is sprayed with a solution of microelements for the first time before the flowers appear to prevent their shedding and to increase the ovaries, the second time - after flowering, the third time - when the grapes ripen. During the last two sprayings, nitrogen fertilizers are excluded from the feeding composition.

Video about fertilizing grapes

For foliar feeding You can use solutions of micro- or macrofertilizers, which are easily found on sale in a large assortment. An aqueous infusion of ash mixed with a fermented herbal infusion of herbs is also suitable.

Spraying of foliage should be carried out on windless days in the morning or evening, or at daytime in cloudy weather, so that the plants do not get burned under the sun, since the solution remains on the leaves in the form of small droplets. For better absorption of microelements, you can add 3 tablespoons to the nutrient solution. Sahara.

Grapes (lat. Vitis) are a representative of the Vinogradov family. The plant is susceptible to many factors and requires careful care to obtain good yields. An important part of grape agricultural technology is the application of fertilizers during each period of growth and development of the bush.

Why do you need to feed grapes?

Throughout the entire period of its life, the plant needs a certain set of fertilizers and fertilizing. During the first 2-3 years of a bush’s life, the supply of nutrients from the soil runs out and must be constantly replenished.

The set of minerals for feeding plants depends on:

• size and age of the bush;
• varieties;
• climate;
• time of year.

The most important stage of growing grapes is harvest formation. It is before and after flowering that it is necessary to carry out regular root and external root dressings.

Root feeding of grapes in 4 stages

Basic root feeding of grapes is carried out four times per season:

• before flowering;
• after flowering;
• before harvest;
• after harvesting the berries.

In each of these periods, plants need a radically different set of microelements.

Feeding before flowering

First stage. 7-10 days before the start of flowering (beginning - mid-May, depending on the variety and climate), the bushes must be well fertilized with nitrogen and ammonia:

• 8 gr. potassium magnesium;
• 15 gr. ammonium nitrate.

The components are diluted in a bucket of water, and this volume is used per 1 square meter. m of irrigation area.

Chemical fertilizer can be replaced with natural fertilizer:

• 2 kg of rotted manure;
• 10 liters of liquid.

All volumes are calculated per 1 sq. m watering. Manure can be replaced with chicken manure: 50 gr. raw materials per bucket of water. Before use, the litter must be fermented for at least 2 weeks. You can add 5 grams to the solution. boric acid.

Many novice winegrowers are interested in the question: how to feed the grapes during flowering? During this important period, it is recommended to refrain from any manipulations. During flowering, the bushes should not be treated against diseases and pests, and you should not water them or carry out any fertilizing. This is due to the respiratory function of the roots. The soil should be dry and easily allow oxygen to pass through.

Do not feed flowering grapes!

During the flowering period of grapes, it is very important that the roots receive enough air. This will allow them to absorb all the necessary minerals from the soil. Before flowering, water thoroughly and good feeding so that by the time the first flowers appear the soil is not too wet, but retains everything nutrients.

How to feed grapes after flowering

Second phase. 10-15 days after flowering (mid-late July), before fruit formation begins, the bushes are fed with the same preparations as the first time. This is necessary for the formation of a mass of berries. This procedure is repeated every other week.

Third stage. 2 weeks before the harvest ripens, the bushes are fertilized with superphosphate and potassium salts: 20 grams each. each substance per bucket of water. This will enlarge the berries and enhance their sweetness. Nitrogen preparations should be avoided for now. After a week, it is recommended to supplement the fertilizing with organic matter. It is better to use a non-concentrated solution of manure: 1 kg per 10 liters of liquid.

Fourth stage. When the bunches have already been removed, the bush should be prepared for rest. To do this, use a tablespoon of potassium magnesium per 10 liters of liquid. Potassium fertilizers will strengthen the protective functions of plants and increase winter hardiness.

To carry out root feeding, you should dig small grooves around each bush, 0.2-0.3 m deep, into which fertilizers are applied. The distance from the trunk should be 0.5 m. Thus, the roots of the plant absorb substances more efficiently than when applied under the trunk. Root feeding should be combined with watering.

Foliar feeding of grapes before and after flowering

Along with soil fertilizing, foliar fertilizing can also be carried out. Feeding plants this way has undoubted advantages:

• nutrients are absorbed through the leaves in a matter of minutes, and the plants receive maximum effect from feeding;
• there is no reaction with the soil, as a result of which some components can be replaced by others;
• absorption of substances through leaves is many times more effective than through the soil;
• a positive effect is achieved as soon as possible after treatment.

The main condition for foliar feeding of grapes is clear weather. It is worth choosing a sunny day and afternoon, when the sun's rays are no longer so active.

First foliar feeding

Conducted a few days before the grapes bloom. 5 g of boric acid should be dissolved in 10 liters of water and sprayed on the plants. The procedure can be combined with fungicide treatment. Also, for fertilizing during this period, nitrogen fertilizer is additionally used according to the instructions.

Second processing of grapes

7 days after flowering, plants need phosphorus. Treatment should be repeated after 2 weeks. Phosphorus-containing fertilizers will help the bushes form clusters and increase vegetative mass.

Fertilizer application before harvest

For the final feeding, superphosphate fertilizers and potassium are used. These components will prepare the vine for dormancy.

How to determine what grapes are missing

A laboratory soil analysis will help determine exactly what the plant needs. But if this is not possible, you can get the right answers by assessing the appearance of the bush.

• lack of nitrogen: grinding lower leaves, pale green tint;
• lack of boron: shedding of color, shrinkage of berries, marbled pattern on the leaves;
• there is not enough potassium: the edges of the leaves become brown, necrosis begins;
• lack of iron: yellowing of leaves, chlorosis;
• magnesium deficiency: pallor of leaf blades;
• lack of phosphorus: leaf petioles and veins turn red;
• Zinc deficiency: leaf asymmetry.

If problems with the plant or a disease caused by a lack of substances are identified, fertilizing is applied in excess of the specified norms, but within the limits of the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Bottom line

If you follow all the instructions for feeding grapes, you can count on an abundant and high-quality harvest of berries. These fertilizing recommendations are aimed not only at increasing the productivity of the bush, but will also help the plants endure the winter more easily.

In order to understand when to provide the maximum amount of minerals and organic matter to the vine, we need to dispel a few myths about root feeding. Many gardeners believe that the greatest need for them is present in a young bush that has just been planted, and a huge 10-year-old vine growing nearby no longer needs it and will itself get everything it needs from the soil. In fact, it's the other way around. A large grape bush sucks almost all useful macroelements and organic substances from the soil. This process is especially fast during flowering and fruiting, since it is at this moment that not only nitrogen and other necessary elements for growth, but also potassium and phosphorus are drawn from the ground.

Fertilizers for a young vine are practically not required, it is quite enough with what was given to it during planting - for the next 2 years it is provided with everything it needs, especially if you added orthophosphorus components and humus. You can feed a little, of course, but there is no extreme need yet. An adult bush must be fertilized with easily digestible components (ammonia, nitrogen) 1 week before flowering, 15 days before the formation of fruits and 10-15 days before the fruits are at the stage of technical ripeness.

This scheme allows you to best optimize the process and provide the vine with many useful substances and minerals. Some gardeners use chicken droppings in the fall, which they scatter around the vines. Over the winter it rots and removes all the nitrogen that can affect the plant if the concentration is too high (there is a lot of it in chicken droppings). Before flowering begins, this amount will be quite enough, and there will be no need to perform root feeding in March and April.

Let us now consider the process step by step in numbers.

First feeding(before flowering). In this case, it would be best to give preference to liquid medications. Under the root you need to pour manure, well diluted in water (2 kg of manure is enough for 10-12 liters of water and it is applied per 1 sq.m.). You can reuse the liquid chicken manure that was added in the fall, but the concentration needs to be reduced so as not to burn the roots. It will be enough to dissolve 40-50 grams in a bucket of water and use it per 1 square meter. Those who prefer mineral fertilizers should make a mixture of nitrophos (65 g per bucket of water), boric acid (add it to the bucket in the amount of 5-7 grams). This is the most suitable consistency for the first root feeding.

Second feeding(13-15 days before fruit set). It is based on an increase in the vegetative mass, as well as the weight of future fruits. The main component that should be included is active nitrogen. You can mix 6-10 grams of potassium magnesia with ammonium nitrate (20 grams per 1 bucket) and apply per 1 square meter. After this, you can complete the process of applying foliar fertilizers at the flowering stage (the second feeding is done after 5-7 days).

Third feeding(2 weeks before harvest). It is aimed at increasing the weight of fruits, as well as increasing their sweetness. To do this, you need to add 20 grams of superphosphate and potassium (dissolves in 10 liters of water). Next, it is necessary to supplement the “composition” with organic fertilizers, preferably manure, thoroughly dissolved in water (1 kg/10 l).

If you follow these instructions and add everything according to the schedule, you can count on extremely big harvest and heavy grapes. It should also be noted that this process allows you not only to get more during the fruiting of the bush, but also to preserve it in the winter, since thick, healthy branches can easily withstand frosts. They must accumulate a lot of useful substances and sugars in order to low temperatures could not harm the stem.

Features and timing of foliar feeding of grapes

As you know, a plant can absorb all the beneficial substances not only through its roots. Leaves, in addition to releasing vital chlorophyll, can also absorb (absorb) many microelements that fall on them with water. If they are well diluted, they can penetrate into the pores of the leaf blade in just a few minutes, which provides many benefits to the plant. Let's take a closer look at how foliar feeding is better than the usual application of manure and chemicals:

• The soil for grapes takes a very long time to dissolve all the components and saturate them; more than one rain may pass before your fertilizer reaches the roots. The leaves absorb microelements entirely and dissolve and absorb them almost immediately, so the effect can be noticed within a couple of days. The plant is much more responsive to this type of feeding and immediately begins to gain vegetative mass.
• It is much more effective to spray the leaves than to fertilize the grapes at the roots, since the digestibility of the components increases almost 2 times. You can significantly save money by making a mixture that is 2 times less concentrated - the effect will be exactly the same as if you poured the concentrate directly under the root.
• Absent negative impact soil for fertilizer. As is known, upon contact with the earth, some elements can be replaced, dissolve without providing the desired effect, and also bind with each other. As a result, you get a completely different effect than you would like to see after performing this operation.
• It is much faster to spray the leaves than to pour water under each nest. Labor costs are several times less, water consumption is tens of times less, as well as fertilizer consumption.
• Spraying helps to strengthen everything in the shortest possible time physiological processes, give to the plant fast start. But it is worth considering that it the effect is short-lived and only supplements root nutrition, where elements can take years to decompose. Therefore, everything must be done in a comprehensive manner.

The first feeding should be done no earlier than 3-4 days before flowering, since the absorption of all nutrients occurs almost instantly. Here you can add boric acid(5 g per 10 liters of water), as well as fungicides, to combine fertilizer with treatment against insects and kill two birds with one stone. You can use nitrogen fertilizers, which will allow the vine to gain vegetative mass as quickly as possible and prepare for the formation of fruits.

The second stage is a week after flowering ends, but eliminate nitrogen-containing preparations. You can make a solution based on ash or add phosphate fertilizers. It is important to give the plant as many elements as possible to form clusters. After they are fully formed and begin to gain weight, you need to carry out another spraying, approximately 2-3 weeks after the second treatment.

Before harvesting the grapes, you can do a fourth treatment. Here you already need to use superphosphates, ammonia and potassium, add less nitrogen-containing components, since after fruiting you need to transfer the vine to the stage of calm and preparation for winter.

How to determine what a plant is missing

Many summer residents do not think about what needs to be added to the soil and throw everything “as usual”, boxes of nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphorus mixtures, potassium and the like. But is this always beneficial, and is it worth it to so thoughtlessly trust your intuition when choosing this or that component? In fact, you can seriously harm the plant if you oversaturate the soil with various unnecessary components. For example, too much nitrogen will not do any good and can burn the roots and leaves of the plant if overdosed.

There are several methods for determining the “diet” for a vine. The most labor-intensive, expensive, but also the most effective method – laboratory analysis soil and grape juice. You will need to bring soil samples and a few ounces of vine sap for further analysis. Of course, it would be more correct to hire a team from the laboratory to come and use a drill to take all the necessary samples at a depth of up to 150 centimeters, but such a call can cost you quite a lot. You can limit yourself to analyzing the top layer of soil. This analysis gives an accuracy of up to 85% and you will know for sure what and when you need to add to the ground so that the roots receive everything they need for growth and development this year. Conducted approximately once every 2 years.

Second, less expensive and not the same effective method– determine the state by appearance leaves. You can learn a lot from it, especially if you have some gardening experience. The difficulty in determining this lies in the fact that color, shape and other indicators can change when exposed to diseases or lack of several components at once. The color of the leaf blade is also greatly influenced by temperature and moisture, the lack of which can cause them to turn yellow. That is why gardeners try not to trust this method and resort to more accurate tests that can exclude diseases, temperature regime and other factors.

The third method is also laboratory and very accurate. Unlike the first option, this will not require a lot of time and money. All you need is to collect healthy leaves from other bushes and from the one you don’t like the appearance of. The laboratory will do a detailed analysis of the juice and tell you exactly what the plant lacks or what is in the soil more than normal. This way, you don’t have to analyze the soil itself; you will give the plant only what it absolutely needs at that moment. Leaf analysis can be done once every couple of months in order to monitor changes and accurately calculate the required proportion fertilizers

Grapes are a valuable gift of nature to us people. Great taste and very healthy berry For many centuries it has brought us joy and health. In order to receive a rich and high-quality grape harvest every year, it is necessary to provide decent care for the plant, one of necessary conditions which is periodic feeding with both mineral fertilizers and organic matter. In this article we will talk about what you can feed grapes in the spring.

Fertilizing grapes in spring is the key good harvest in the fall, so this matter must be taken seriously. The main goal of fertilizing grapes is to saturate the soil with the substances and microelements necessary for the growth and fruiting of the plant. Let's take a closer look:

• Phosphorus is most important during the flowering period to produce more ovaries;
• Zinc affects the yields of grape plants, the so-called yield stimulant;
• Nitrogen is necessary for the formation of healthy shoots and leaves;
• Boron is added to make the berries sweet;
• Copper will protect the vine from drought and frost;
• Potassium is added to accelerate fruit ripening.

We have decided on the beneficial substances for grapes, now we will figure out what fertilizers all this is contained in, when and how they are applied to the soil.

Fertilizers for feeding grapes in spring

Beginner winegrowers often have a question: “How to fertilize grapes?” For this, mineral fertilizers and organic matter are used. Of the latter, the following are very effective:

• Manure is an indispensable product for grapes that can replace all existing fertilizers in the world combined. It contains absolutely everything necessary for the growth and fruiting of the plant;
• Chicken droppings are wonderful folk way feeding, promoting the development of the vine. The composition is similar to manure, however, before applying it to the ground it must be diluted with water due to its high toxicity;
• Compost is an excellent spring feeding, which is easy to prepare, and the grapes really like it;
• Mulch - improves soil composition, air and water balance, saturates with all nutrients;
• Green manure is equivalent to manure, restores the structure of the soil and nourishes with all the necessary elements;
• Ash is a very valuable organic fertilizer that nourishes and heals grapes at the same time.

But for more complete feeding of the grapevine in combination with organic substances mineral fertilizers are used. You need to be extremely careful when using chemicals - failure to comply with the ratios of the components can adversely affect the vineyard or even lead to its death.

When to fertilize in spring

The first fertilizing is done in April, when the grapes are still protected from the winter cold. The region where the vineyard grows should be taken into account - the further south the region, the earlier the fertilizer is applied.

The second falls in May, about two weeks before the vine begins to bloom.

The third feeding is when the grapes have reached the size of peas. At this time, grapes most need additional nutrients for fruit ripening.

The fourth feeding is carried out when the berries begin to ripen.

The fertilizer is applied into special holes - grooves, which are made around the bushes with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 40 cm. The solution is distributed evenly into these holes.

Organic feeding

It is good to feed grapes with slurry, which is prepared as follows: a bucket of manure is dissolved in 3 buckets of water and fermented for several days. Then the resulting solution is diluted again with water (1:10) and the plant is watered.

If there is no manure, you can use compost. It's easy to prepare on your own garden plot. To do this, select a place somewhere in the corner near the fence and put all organic waste there (sawdust, grass, leaves, potato peelings etc.) All this is sprinkled with a layer of earth on top, then another layer of plant and food waste, and so on until you get a pile about two meters high. Don't forget to water it with water. You can mix waste with lime.

Chicken manure is an excellent fertilizer not only for grapevines. Before use, it is diluted with water (1:2) and left for a couple of weeks. Water the bushes, diluting them with water a second time, only in a ratio of 1:5. One bush will require half a liter of the resulting fertilizer.

You can use wood ash or ash from sunflower seed shells. To do this, mix it with water 1:2 and stirring from time to time, leave for 2-3 days. Then filter and add three more parts of water. This solution will not easily feed young grapes, and when sprayed, it will also protect them from fungal diseases.

Feeding with minerals

In the spring, single-component fertilizers are used as fertilizers for the grapevine. minerals(superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium salt and potassium chloride) and ready-made complex fertilizers (Kemira, Aquarin, Novofert, etc.)

During the first feeding, the following mixture is used - dry potassium fertilizers 30 grams, superphosphate 40 grams and the same amount of nitrogen fertilizers are added to the holes where the grape bushes overwintered and sprinkled with earth. There are special preparations for feeding, for example “Solution”. It is diluted with water according to the instructions and added to the wells, after pouring a bucket of water into it. After applying the fertilizer, pour a bucket of water again.

For the second feeding, the following composition is suitable - 30 grams of potassium fertilizer. 40 - nitrogen and 50 - superphosphate are diluted with water. This fertilizer can be combined well with organic matter - a solution of cow manure or chicken droppings, and if you use both together, you can add 2 times less mineral fertilizers.

During the third feeding, complex fertilizers are used - 30 grams of fertilizer per bucket of water.

For the fourth time, the vine is “fed” exclusively with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Potassium “chemistry” can be replaced with ash.

A traditional nutrient solution is made like this: to water one plant, take 5 grams of potassium salt, 10 grams of ammonium nitrate and 20 grams of superphosphate.

Most best effect you will get it if you alternate organic matter with mineral fertilizers.

Additional fertilizing of the vineyard

For additional feeding of grape bushes in the spring, a special trench half a meter deep and 0.8 meters wide is dug. The trench is located either in front of the grape rows or behind. 4 buckets of humus or manure are added to it, which is then mixed with soil, and humus is thrown on top again and the dug ditch is leveled with the remaining soil. This recharge is enough for several years.

Foliar feeding

Addition to root spring fertilizing grape bushes are foliar. Nutrients enter the plant not only through the root system, but also through the leaves. Such fertilizing is carried out by spraying through a sprayer. For spraying, you can use a solution of urea (40 grams), citric acid (20 grams), boric acid (15 grams), ferrous sulfate (1 gram) in water (10 liters). Spray the plants before and after flowering.

If you don’t want to prepare such a solution yourself for foliar feeding, you can use ready-made preparations like “Kemira” and others. Each preparation is suitable for feeding in different periods plant growing season. A solution based on wood ash is perfect for spraying, as discussed above.

Fertilizing with iron sulfate is very important for grape bushes because it not only saturates the plants with the iron they need for growth, but also protects the plant’s buds from diseases during frosts.

It is advisable to carry out foliar feeding on a cloudy, windless day.

Feeding grapes when planting

Before planting grapes in the spring, a mixture of fertilizers prepared in a separate container must be added to the soil: 10 kg of rotted cow manure is mixed with 200 grams of superphosphate and 250 grams of wood ash. This proportion of components is calculated for 1 square. m.

Or here's another option nutritional mixture during planting: the hole for the grape bush is filled with peat - 30 kg or 20 kg of compost and rotted manure, 200-300 grams of superphosphate, 40 grams of potassium chloride, 100-150 grams of potassium fertilizer and a couple of kg of wood ash. IN poor soil It is recommended to increase the amount of manure applied to 3 buckets.

When digging holes for planting, remove from above fertile layer and folded to the side, then the remaining soil is removed and placed separately from the top layer. All the above components of the first or second option are placed in the pit, having first been thoroughly mixed with a special preparation prepared in advance. nutritious soil, adding coarse sand and crushed gravel to the second part dug from landing pit land. After planting, the bush is sprinkled with the first part dug from the planting hole of the earth.

After planting, the ground around the plant can be sprinkled with wood chips, chopped straw and rotted manure. They will act as mulch.

Young bushes of the second year of life in May, along with organic matter, add phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Grapes are an exquisite crop that requires quite delicate care. In addition to pruning, regular watering and pest control, balanced organic and mineral supplements. But winegrowers, especially beginners, should know that the vineyard’s need for nutrients varies different stages the growing season varies slightly. Since an excess of nutritional components can be no less harmful than a deficiency, attention should be paid to studying this issue. Let us consider, in particular, how grapes are fertilized in the summer.

Why you need to feed grapes in summer

IN summer period, when the vegetative mass is actively growing and the fruits begin to form, the vineyard requires special care, without which full harvest you won't have to count. Feeding also plays an important role here.

By the time the fruits ripen, the nutrients added to the soil can be completely used up. Lack of nutrition does not allow the berries to be fully filled and accumulate sugar. The result is small, poor quality grapes that taste sour.

What does a vineyard need in summer?

Typically, grapes begin to bear fruit only in the third year of life. Therefore, a young vineyard does not need summer fertilizing in the first two years. In the third year of life, you can no longer do without feeding in the summer.

Many winegrowers use complex fertilizers for these purposes, of which a wide variety is sold in gardening stores. By purchasing complex fertilizer, pay attention to the composition. The components that grapes need in summer should be present here.

Minerals

First of all, for the full development and formation of fruits, grapes require the following minerals and trace elements.

The fertilizer is scattered under the bush or applied in dissolved form. It is important not to exceed the dosage, otherwise you may burn the roots. Instructions for use must be on the packaging of each fertilizer. It is important to know the composition of the soil on which the grapes grow. This will allow you to more accurately determine which substances it needs more, and which will only cause harm to the plants.

Phosphorus is necessary for grapes to ripen fruitful shoots. It is best to carry out two feedings with superphosphate. The first is carried out before flowering, the second in the summer, when the ovary is already formed.

Typically, the need of plants for potassium increases by the beginning of autumn, since a lot of energy is spent on ripening the crop. In addition, potassium helps ensure that the vineyard is better prepared and protected before wintering. It is necessary to apply potassium fertilizers in the last ten days of August. If harvesting is planned at this time, then fertilizing should be done a little earlier. It is important that 2 weeks before harvesting the fruits, no fertilizing or watering is carried out.

If the vineyard is cultivated on acidic soils, then calcium supplementation may be required in the summer. Calcium neutralizes oxalic acid, which negatively affects plant development and fruit formation. Keep in mind that adding calcium in the summer is the exception rather than the rule. In most cases, such feeding is not necessary.

Organic

The best option for organic feeding of grapes in summer is wood ash. It contains all the necessary macro and microelements that contribute to the activation of plant life: phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The most useful for feeding a vineyard is sunflower ash. It contains up to 40% potassium, up to 4% phosphorus and other useful components that are easily absorbed by the soil.

You can prepare a solution of rotted humus or compost. This solution should also be used sparingly, watering the plant around, and not just at the root. We retreat 50 cm from the trunk and water the plant into the formed groove. For better absorption of nutritional components, grape feeding is combined with regular watering.

It is good to combine mineral and organic fertilizers. Organic matter ensures that most of the nutrients are not absorbed into the soil, but are transferred to the plant.

Mullein solution activates development beneficial bacteria, helping the root system absorb nutrients. You just need to apply this organic fertilizer either after harvesting, or in the spring immediately after the buds awaken. Then in the summer it will be possible to get by only with mineral supplements.

Working solutions for summer feeding of the vineyard

20 grams of superphosphate, 10 grams of ammonium nitrate and 5 grams of potassium salt. All this dissolves in a bucket of water. This quantity is calculated for 1 bush. Grapes should be fed with this solution in June-July.

Mix 50 grams of superphosphate with a glass of ash. Dilute in a bucket of water. Water the bushes during the ripening period.

Conclusion

You can determine what specific fertilizing grapes require by the appearance of the plant.

1. Yellowish foliage is evidence that the plant requires potassium supplementation;
2. A lack of phosphorus is indicated by the reddish-purple tint of some leaves;
3. Pale, as if faded leaves are a clear sign of nitrogen deficiency.