A chainsaw is a phenomenal device in its capabilities. There is hardly any other tool that can compete with it in terms of breadth of use. Chainsaws are intended primarily for sawing wood, but their use is not limited to this. They are widely used as a universal drive for devices of the most for various purposes. Chainsaws are used to cut metal and stone, drill wells, pump water, pull out stuck vehicles, swim, etc. The potential capabilities of chainsaws are realized using various attachments and accessories.
Such wide range Several factors contribute to the work performed by chainsaws. First of all, it is the presence of a powerful (in relation to its weight), compact, reliable and unpretentious gasoline engine, capable of operating in the most difficult conditions. The diaphragm type carburetor and sealed fuel supply system allow the saw to operate in different positions, except perhaps completely upside down. The successful design of the centrifugal clutch reliably protects chainsaw systems and components from overloads and breakdowns. Simplicity of power take-off is also important; It is easy to connect any device to the output shaft of the tool. And finally, the advantages of a chainsaw include its autonomy, which allows it to be used anywhere.
However, do not forget that amateur chainsaws are not designed to work all day in intensive mode..
Petrol cutter attachment
One of the most popular, perhaps, is the attachment that turns a chainsaw into a gas cutter.
Its main unit is a bearing unit with a shaft, at one end of which there is a driven pulley driven by a V-belt, and at the other end there is a mandrel for securing cutting wheels. Depending on the brand of the latter, a gas cutter can cut metal, stone, brick or tile. The end part of the attachment is made with a groove for attaching it to the saw.
Debarkers
Clean the log from bark, branches and growths, select a longitudinal or transverse groove in it, cut cups in the logs during construction wooden log houses, giving a rounded surface flatness and many other operations can be performed using attachments called debarkers.By design, debarkers are divided into drum and disk. The first ones are used mainly for removing bark from logs (cinders); the disk ones are used to cut out mounting grooves, cups, recesses, etc.
The working part of the devices consists of a drum or cutter mounted in a bearing unit. Like most chainsaw attachments, debarkers are driven by a V-belt drive. For this purpose, there is a driven pulley on their axis. By selecting the diameters of the pulleys and changing the engine speed using the accelerator, you can obtain the optimal rotation speed of the working tool, which provides the necessary processing parameters.
The figure below shows debarkers with various shapes working tools: cutter for cutting grooves (a), flat plane (b) and spherical (d), figured cutter (c).
Pump
The nozzle designed for pumping water can be used for emergency water supply to a house, watering a garden, draining a flooded basement and foundation pit, etc. It is a conventional centrifugal pump, equipped with a bracket with holes for attaching to a chainsaw and a pulley for driving the pump turbine into rotation.
The principle of operation of this chainsaw attachment is similar to the principle of operation of all centrifugal pumps. A hose is connected to the central fitting (1), which is lowered into the water. The pressure hose is connected to the fitting (3). Before starting work, the water necessary for the pump to start pumping is poured into the plug (2). When the pump turbine is rotated, a reduced pressure is created in the suction pipe, drawing in water, which is then discharged through the pressure hose.
Boer
A motor drill is a device that is useful in any household, but it is used relatively rarely, which makes its purchase not always advisable. Purchasing a drill attachment for a chainsaw will cost less than buying a motor drill.
Chainsaw drill. Two different nozzles.
The rotation speed of the auger during drilling should be relatively low, so a gearbox is used to reduce the speed. It can be made in the form of a V-belt or worm (preferably) transmission.
Winch
A winch driven by a chainsaw can be used to carry out the most various works: pulling out stuck vehicles, moving trees, lifting and moving building materials, towing boats and boats to land, in various emergency situations.
Its traction force depends on the power of the chainsaw and can reach 1500-2000 kg, and even more with an additional block. To perform its functions, the winch must be equipped additional accessories: a pull-out block to increase traction force and change the trajectory of movement, hooks, anchors, sling belts for securing to a tree trunk, rock, soil or car.
boat motor
A chainsaw with a special attachment can be used as a boat motor. A device installed on the boat with a three-bladed propeller and a gearbox with a gear ratio of 2:1 is capable of moving through water at speeds of up to 20 km/h with a fuel consumption of 1 l/h.
Devices for longitudinal sawing of logs
(mini sawmills)
Most chainsaw attachments are designed for ripping logs. Their differences from each other are in the location of the cut (vertical or horizontal), the diameter of the logs being cut, the accuracy of the cut, and ease of use. Device for vertical cutting of logs. The simplest is the device for vertical sawing of logs, shown below.
It consists of an adapter (1), attached to the tire at its base, and a guide (2), which determines the straightness of the adapter's movement. The guide is installed on the board (3), which in turn is attached to the log being cut.
The main purpose of this device for a chainsaw is to ensure the straight movement of the bar. With its help, you can not only dissolve a log into two or four parts (quarters) or cut a beam out of it, but also saw it into boards or beams. However, in the latter case, you will have to rearrange the board with the guide each time, and it will not be possible to achieve great accuracy when sawing. The unfixed end of the tire may move to the side, as a result of which constancy of parameters and complete parallelism of the sides of the beams or boards are unlikely to be achieved.
Device for horizontal cutting. Using the device shown in the photo below, logs are cut into horizontal plane. Compared to a device for vertical cutting, it has increased functionality and accuracy, allowing you to cut boards or beams of the same thickness.
Device (other) for dissolving logs into boards
The device, which is attached to the tire in two places - the beginning and the end - has a frame structure that ensures the rigidity of the device. The mounting location (1) can move along the tire. This allows you to set the required cutting width (according to the diameter of the log) - within the length of the tire. The guides (2) can be installed at any distance from the tire, thereby ensuring required thickness cut beams or boards. The first horizontal cut is carried out using a guide frame (3) mounted on the log and serving as a base surface for the guides (2). For subsequent cuts, the flat surface(4), obtained in the previous pass. During operation, to avoid pinching the saw, wedges are inserted into the cut to prevent the cut from narrowing.
If it is necessary to cut logs whose diameter exceeds the length of a standard bar, a more complex device is used, which uses a long bar. In this case, the saw’s native lubrication system does not provide high-quality lubrication of the entire chain, so it becomes necessary to install an additional system consisting of a tank and a hose that supplies lubricant to the end of the bar. To ensure oil supply by gravity, the tank is placed on a rack above the tire.
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There is always a use for lumber on the farm: wooden boards, slats and bars. Usually all this wealth is bought at a hardware store or a specialized market. But if you have a log, then you can save a lot on lumber by sawing it yourself. Logs can be sawed crosswise, lengthwise or even obliquely. The last method is used very rarely - only for complex wooden structures. Since it is very difficult to perform independently at home, we will consider the other two.
Cross-cutting a log is an absolutely simple sawing method. It requires a special bed, popularly called “goats,” and a saw (manual, electric or gasoline). The log is laid horizontally on the bed and sawed in the place where it is required. If there are no sawhorses, then the log can be sawed transversely by resting one of its edges on another log. To cut logs longitudinally, you will need a special sawmill, which can be purchased at a hardware store. In such a unit, logs can be cut into boards or bars of any thickness.
We told you about the most simple ways sawing logs. Do not forget that when working with any tool, especially a saw, you must follow safety precautions.
Whatever you can do with a chainsaw - with the help of all kinds of attachments, this tool becomes very multifunctional. Don't know how to cut a log into boards with a chainsaw? Now we won’t talk about that!
Chainsaw - a tool for all occasions
Most owners have no idea what capabilities are hidden in this seemingly single-function tool. We are talking about what functions, besides sawing logs into firewood, a chainsaw can perform in in capable hands. But just think - the tool is absolutely autonomous, fill the tank with fuel, and work where it’s convenient for you!
A wide range of work results in a powerful, compact and safe gasoline engine, who has a very unpretentious “character” and the ability to work in the most difficult conditions. Another good thing about a chainsaw is its sealed fuel supply system, which, in combination with a diaphragm type carburetor, allows it to work in a variety of positions, perhaps not upside down. In addition, the designers provided reliable protection components from overloads and breakdowns in the form of a centrifugal clutch.
Look at the chainsaw from a different point of view - you are holding in your hands a tool that is amazing in its capabilities! This is a universal drive for a wide variety of devices, capable of not only sawing wood, but also cutting metal and stone, pumping water, drilling wells, and even serving as a low-power engine!
DIY multi-tool
The most popular attachment, which is even produced by chainsaw manufacturers themselves, is the petrol cutter attachment, which turns the chainsaw into an autonomous version of an angle grinder. The nozzle device is a bearing assembly with a shaft, with a pulley installed at one end, which is driven into rotation by a V-belt. At the other end there is a mandrel for fastening abrasive wheels. By changing circles, such a grinder chainsaw will be able to cut stone, tile, brick and even metal. Of course, the circle is hidden in protective cover, without which work would be such a tool clean water playing roulette - whether you're lucky or not!
Of course, there are a lot of people who will call this method crazy, because you can buy a normal one and not have to worry about changing any attachments! However, in practice, the idea is completely justified - saws with high speeds, equipped with such attachments, work no worse ordinary Bulgarians. Of course, they can’t compete with professional powerful tools, but in the household they justify themselves. This device has two undeniable advantages - autonomy and saving money.
Another professional attachments that can be purchased at specialized stores– these are the so-called debarkers. Their functions exactly correspond to the purpose of the chainsaw and, in fact, increase its capabilities - in addition to cutting wood with the help of debarkers, it can be processed, namely, cleared of bark, growths and branches, and also cut grooves in logs, which is useful in the construction of wooden log houses, and give the rounded surface a flat shape.
Debarkers are divided into disk and drum. The first ones are used for cutting out recesses and mounting grooves, and the drum ones are used for removing bark from logs; they are also called debarkers. The device is a drum or cutter mounted in a bearing unit. The device is driven by a V-belt drive; for this purpose, there is a special pulley on the axis. Taking into account changes in the diameter of the pulley and the engine speed, you can also change the speed of operation of such a tool for optimal processing of wood.
With the help of a chainsaw and the appropriate attachment, you don't have to worry about emergency water supply at home if necessary - you can make a pump from this woodworking tool in a few minutes!
Essentially, the attachment is a regular centrifugal pump that is attached to the saw and driven by the same pulley and belt. The principle of operation is the same as that of all centrifugal pumps - one hose is lowered into the water, the second serves as a pressure hose. Before starting work, liquid is poured into the engine through the plug, which is necessary for the pump to “grab” the pumped water. When the turbine rotates, it creates a reduced pressure inside, due to which water is pumped out. The device is essentially the simplest, but imagine what use it can be when country house is de-energized, and the water supply issue needs to be resolved in urgently!
With the help of special attachments, a chainsaw can be turned into a drill or a winch, and even into outboard motor, capable of reaching speeds of up to 20 km/h with a fuel consumption of 1 l/h. However, these are already rarer cases, while devices for longitudinal sawing of logs, or, as they are called, mini-sawmills, are found quite often.
How to cut a log into planks with a chainsaw - vertical attachment
First of all, it should be noted that no one sets themselves the task of professionally cutting logs with a minimum amount of waste. For professional work You also need the appropriate tool, but the attachment for longitudinal sawing of logs will allow you to solve many small problems on the farm. Let's imagine, for example, that an old pear tree has dried up in your garden, and you just need a few boards to fill a hole in the shed. Instead of using a tree trunk for firewood, you can use an attachment to get the material you need.
Devices for longitudinal sawing of logs are divided into vertical and horizontal. Most simple device This is precisely the first option: the adapter is attached to the tire at its base, and with the help of a guide bar the straightness of the adapter’s movement is ensured. This entire structure is attached to a board, which serves as a stop for cutting and at the same time as a guide. The accuracy of such a device is not high - it can be used to cut rough boards or give a log a simple square shape, however, such a device is assigned corresponding tasks.
How to cut a log lengthwise - cut horizontally!
Much greater cutting accuracy is ensured by the horizontal structure, which is a rigid frame attached to the chainsaw bar in two places - at the base and at its end. The attachment points can be shifted to provide the required cutting width. Of course, such a device is intended for small logs, the diameter of which will not be greater than the length of the tire.
Using the guide element, you can set the required thickness of the boards. The most difficult thing will be to make the first horizontal cut - in order to get an even cut of the wood, you need to attach an additional guide frame to the log, which will serve as a base surface for the stop. At subsequent stages of dissolving the log into boards, the flat surface of the previous cut serves as a surface for support and a guide.
This design is quite easy to work with. Before sawing a log lengthwise, it must be well secured along its entire length - the less it vibrates, the smoother the cut will be.. To avoid jamming of the chainsaw bar, small wedges are constantly inserted into the cut to prevent clamping. It should be noted that no matter how hard we try, there will be quite a lot of waste compared to a conventional sawmill. To begin, give the log a square shape by cutting top layer from all sides, and only then proceed directly to dissolving the logs into boards.
It will not be difficult for craftsmen to make attachments of this kind with their own hands when working with welding and metal - the corresponding diagrams on the Internet are not uncommon, and from the material you will need several square hollow pipes, nuts and screws.
Wood, like natural stone, is one of the most ancient building materials. Despite the current construction market huge selection a variety of artificially created materials, timber is still very popular. In order to obtain high-quality lumber, the log must be cut into boards. In this article we will talk about how to cut a log into boards.
Types of log cutting
Sawing logs into boards is carried out in two main ways:
- radial
- tangential.
In addition, additional methods are possible:
- mixed
- semi-radial (rustic)
- central.
Radial sawing is a type of sawing during which the axis of the cut runs through the core of the log and, as a result, the annual rings in the section of the board form an angle of 76 - 900. The lumber obtained by such a cut has a uniform color and texture. Timber almost does not undergo deformation during drying and does not swell when moistened, because the dimensions of the wood change mainly along the line of the rings (across the grain). At lumber radial cut annual rings are arranged according to thickness. Such materials are distinguished by the highest performance indicators in comparison with other types of lumber.
Tangential cutting is carried out along tangents to the lines of annual rings at a short distance from its core. The surfaces of the resulting boards are distinguished by a pronounced texture and a bright wave-like pattern of annual rings. Such lumber is characterized by higher coefficients of shrinkage and swelling from moisture compared to radial cut boards. As a result, they are greatly deformed when exposed to moisture. Such boards are in demand for use in dry conditions.
Rustic (semi-radial) and mixed types of cutting have characteristics of two main types of cutting simultaneously: radial and tangential. Therefore, they exhibit average shrinkage and swelling coefficients. Rustic cut boards are distinguished by straight lines of annual rings, which are located at angles of 46 - 75 degrees. to the layers. Mixed sawn timber is distinguished by the fact that the lines change from straight at the edges (along the width) of the board to arched towards the middle.
The center cut is made right in the center of the trunk and contains its core. Taking into account the fact that the core of the trunk is wood with the lowest strength indicators, center-cut lumber is characterized by a structure that is heterogeneous in strength.
Wood balance when sawing
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Tools for sawing logs
Tools and cutting methods depend on the total volume of logs, such indicators as length and thickness. In addition, you need to take into account the quality of the future lumber. Cutting a log involves working with different instruments and specialized equipment. In order to obtain a small amount of lumber at home, the manual method of processing logs using a chainsaw or traditional hand saws with teeth for longitudinal cutting.
The sawmill is perhaps the most famous type of sawmill equipment. This is a woodworking machine that contains frame saws. Lumber is produced at the sawmill longitudinal cut, for example, edged board or timber. Sawmills allow processing logs with a diameter of 15 to 80 cm and a length of up to 7 m.
Cutting logs into boards using circular saws (circular saws) is carried out using a circular saw. Such equipment can be single-saw (single-disc) and multi-saw (multi-disc). Devices containing one disk are suitable for working with small-sized and low-quality raw materials. Using multi-disc machines, you can cut round workpieces of large diameter.
The most popular today band sawmills. They come in two types: vertical and horizontal. Cutting tool in such equipment is tape cloth, which is put on the pulleys. Work for tape machines guarantees the production of high-quality longitudinal and mixed lumber, such as boards and timber. This creates least amount waste.
On large industrial enterprises wood sawing lines are used. They allow achieving very high surface quality and precise geometry of the final products. Such lines are characterized by the highest productivity.
In addition to all the equipment listed above, such types of highly specialized sawmill equipment as debarkers, edgers, band-dividers and other types of machines are also used.
Very often there are situations when you need to produce a very small volume of boards or beams for your own needs. Of course, buying machines in this case is absolutely not an option. Having certain knowledge and skills, it is much more profitable to cut logs with my own hands, using an electric chain or gasoline saw. Despite the fact that this work is quite labor-intensive, the result is quite justified.
Most experts believe that a chainsaw is better suited for this purpose. Such equipment has high power and can operate without interruption for a long time. In addition, the operation of a chainsaw does not require electricity, so you can work far from the power supply, for example, right on the plot.
In order to cut a log into boards using a chainsaw, you will need more special tools such as a mechanism for securing a log, a frame-attachment for a chainsaw, as well as a guide for cutting. The attachment frame must be attached to the chainsaw bar so that it can be used to adjust the gap between it and the chain. This will make it possible to create boards of different thicknesses. It is worth purchasing a special chain for longitudinal sawing. It has a special tooth sharpening angle. A guide ruler can be made from metal profile the required length or a flat, rigid board.
Before starting work, you need to remove all the bark and remaining branches from the workpieces, and also carefully inspect the log for various flaws. This way you can choose the most suitable scheme cutting and, therefore, reduce the amount of possible waste.
If you are carrying out longitudinal sawing trunks, care must be taken to ensure that the resulting lumber is of the same density across the entire width. Since the density of wood from the northern part of the log is much higher than from the southern part, the cut is carried out in a plane directed from east to west (or in the reverse order).
The first step is to remove the slabs from two opposite edges of the log. As a result, a double-edged beam will be obtained, which is then cut into boards or other lumber of equal thickness, according to the intended sawing pattern. The final product is unedged board, from which the edges must then be removed.
For many centuries, timber has been the most popular raw material for housing construction. Today, primitive processing methods have been replaced by modern equipment. For example, for cutting timber and processing it to required sizes, craftsmen use a sawmill. The disadvantage of such a machine is the cost. For this reason, many people make mini sawmills based on chainsaws.
April 04All photos from the article
In the process of carrying out various works, there is often a need for longitudinal cutting of logs or timber. For this purpose the most various types equipment - from stationary sawmills, to small installations, but these options cost a lot, and if you need to do a small amount of work, then sawing logs with a chainsaw will be the simplest and most rational solution.
Advantages of using this option
First of all, let’s figure out what advantages this cutting method has:
| Ability to work in any conditions | Unlike electrical equipment, which is afraid high humidity, the chainsaw is capable of working in the most unfavorable conditions, and no damage to the structure will be caused, because all components in the chainsaw are adapted to work on outdoors and even under precipitation |
| Performance | If you are going to work for a long time, then you will need equipment with a power of about 7 horsepower or more, it can withstand significant loads, while the quality of work will be consistently high |
| Autonomy | Since the device runs on gasoline, you do not depend on electricity and can build a structure for sawing in any convenient place. This is especially convenient when working in areas where there are no power lines |
| Convenience | The inertial brake in chainsaws works faster than in electrical systems, and soft start and chain rotation speed adjustment provide high quality work, even if you have no similar experience |
Important!
In addition to all the above factors, we should not forget the low cost of the structure; purchasing a stationary sawmill will cost several times more.
Overview of some options
We will talk about the two most popular designs that provide best quality when working, and you yourself will determine what is more convenient and preferable in your case.
Homemade option
First, let's look at how to make a device for sawing logs with a chainsaw with your own hands.
The instructions for carrying out the work are as follows:
- It is best to use a frame from an old one school desk or pipe square section with a side of 20x20 or a little more.
- First of all, two clamps are made, these are elements 50-60 cm long, at one end of which a crossbar with two holes for tightening bolts and a small protrusion in the middle for clamping the tire is welded, an element of the same configuration is attached on top, the photo below shows already ready-made elements, as you can see, everything is quite simple, and having at hand welding machine, you can make them very quickly.
