In addition to significant loads on interfloor floors, laying brick walls is associated with serious time costs and requires professional skills.

If you want to create, then an imitation of a brick niche can be created using block or frame structure brick-like tiles. Corner elements artificial stone will allow you to achieve the complete illusion of thickness brickwork or natural stone.

Concrete

Suitable for construction are those with a density of 600–800 kg/m³ and a thickness of 80–100 mm. A smaller thickness is insufficient from the point of view of sound insulation and resistance to cantilever loads. However, walls made of foam blocks require plastering. For this reason, it will be difficult to create a small decorative niche, since you will have to saw off the blocks to size and plaster the surfaces.

Expanded clay concrete partition blocks are moisture resistant and durable, but do not have stable geometric dimensions. This kind of masonry is done only by professionals, and in any case you will have to level the surfaces with fairly thick layers of plaster.

From tongue-and-groove gypsum boards

Gypsolite tongue-and-groove slabs are larger than foam blocks, but with them you can create decorative niches. Thanks to the tongue-and-groove connection, the structures are stable. They do not require reinforcement, only anchoring to the walls and strengthening the corners with plaster corners made of galvanized steel. The disadvantage of the material is that it is difficult to saw. Therefore, when adjusting to size, it is necessary to remove grooves and ridges, and then strengthen the masonry with reinforcing bars or plates. But walls made of foam blocks allow steam to pass through, that is, they breathe. Moreover, gypsum contains water and acts as a humidity regulator in rooms with normal humidity.

Tongue-and-groove gypsum boards weigh significantly more than concrete blocks, therefore they are suitable only for houses whose floors are designed for a distributed load of more than 800 kg/m2.

Another disadvantage is high elasticity. Because of it, a drum effect appears - comparatively low level sound insulation at frequencies of 100–200 Hz.

Partitions with pocket for sliding door, as a rule, are made of plasterboard. It can be based on a factory-made pencil case made from profiles of a special section. The design allows for height adjustment of the canvas.

Porous ceramic

Porous ceramic blocks are 2–2.5 times lighter than brick and at the same time hold fasteners well. If you use chemical anchors, you can even mount hanging plumbing fixtures on a 130 mm thick wall.

The large format of the blocks speeds up the laying, the grooves and ridges on the side ends strengthen the partition, and the ribbed surface ensures reliable adhesion to the plaster layer.

The disadvantages of porous blocks include relatively high water absorption. This problem can be solved using a water-repellent primer and cement plaster.

Plasterboard

It practically does not load the ceiling, does not require labor, and allows you to lay wires and pipes hidden without any problems.

IN recent years When assembling frames of plasterboard structures, instead of the usual fastening with self-tapping screws, notches are often used: special tool, resembling pliers, make a hole with bent edges in the two contacting walls of the profiles. Fixing with a notch speeds up installation; moreover, there are no protruding screw heads on the frame, and the sheet of drywall lies perfectly flat on it. However, when fastening with a cutter, it is more difficult to correct errors, and it is also less durable, so it is important to observe the required screw pitch - 250 mm.

Legal memo about redevelopment

With housing inspection authorities. If the design calculation shows an increase in the load on the floor, then it will be difficult to obtain permission, since a technical opinion from the house designer will be required.

1. Redevelopment that affects load-bearing walls or unloading non-load-bearing partitions can only begin after obtaining permission from the housing inspection authorities.
2. When remodeling, you cannot increase the load on the floors beyond what is permissible according to the design (calculation based on bearing capacity, based on deformations).
3. It is difficult to agree on replacing the partition with a heavier one.
4. Redevelopment will not be allowed in which your bathroom will be above the kitchen or living room of the apartment below. This rule also works for the arrangement of apartments in monolithic new buildings, where new walls of wet areas are erected according to a floor plan.

How to avoid mistakes during installation

Common mistake when installing interior partitions, their location is incorrect. An apartment owner may incorrectly estimate the dimensions of a room (for example, a dressing room), an architect may not understand the customer’s wishes, a foreman may misread the plan, workers may see the “wrong mark.” The wall has to be dismantled and rebuilt, wasting time and increasing costs. Therefore, it is highly advisable for the apartment owner, together with the architect (designer), to come to the site, armed with a plan and a tape measure, to check the laying of the first rows.

Materials for masonry

Material	Solid red brick	Red slot brick	Porous ceramic block	Aerated concrete block	Hollow expanded clay concrete block	GGP hydrophobized
Minimum possible partition thickness, mm	65 (brick on edge)	120	80	50	90	80
Optimal thickness of the interior partition, mm	120 (half a brick)	120	120	100	120	100
Masonry mortar		Cement-sand grade not lower than M200	From a ready-made cement mixture, for example Porotherm	From ready-made cement mixture (KNAUF LM2, Blockstar FIX, etc.)	Cement-sand grade not lower than M200	Ready-made gypsum (KNAUF-Perlfix, Volma Montazh, Ivsil-Plast, etc.)
Density, kg/m 3	1600–1900	1000–1400	750–900	400–600	950–1000	1100–1250
Water absorption,%	6–14	6–14	14–18	50	10	6–8

There are now several types of materials available from which you can make an interior partition in a house or apartment. The main materials used are plasterboard, aerated concrete, gypsum blocks, glass blocks, brick or very light screen partitions made of plastic, fabric and wood.

The properties of the interior partition will depend primarily on the type of material used.

To choose the type of interior partition, you need to decide on its required characteristics and properties.

Characteristics and design features of interior partitions

What strength is needed? Will anything very heavy be attached to the partition?
What level of sound insulation will be required? Is “ordinary” sound insulation enough or is it necessary to increase it?

Moisture protection level? When fencing wet rooms, the main useful property is the water resistance of the material.
To fence off utility rooms that are not heated, the thermal insulation properties of the partition come to the fore.

The design of load-bearing partitions (under load from the floor or roof) is determined by the project; such a partition must be installed on the foundation. It is erected together with the external walls.

Other, non-load-bearing partitions can be made in any part of the building after the walls are erected, but a gap of 15 mm is left between them and the ceiling, which is filled with pliable material (felt, insulation...).

Also, the answer to the question of which interior partition to choose depends on the strength of the base. Only light structures can be erected over floors in apartments and houses. Maximum specific gravity on linear meter You can find out from the organizations designing or servicing the house.
Heavy partitions require either a very strong floor or a separate foundation.

What kind of sound insulation is needed between rooms?

An important issue is sound insulation. It is known from the standards that for an interior partition without doors in an apartment, the sufficient sound insulation index is 43 dB, and between the bathroom and the room - 47 dB.

But this is the standard minimum for apartment buildings, where they tried to save more. If you are building “for yourself” and care about sound insulation, then it is better to take values ​​5 - 8 dB more.

Therefore, a partition with an airborne noise insulation index of at least 50 dB will be relatively sound-insulating.

Simple designs of thin partitions do not achieve this value.
In order for a partition to be considered soundproof, in accordance with the above values, special measures and structures are needed.

All this must be taken into account when choosing the type and material of the interior partition.
Most often now lightweight partitions are built from plasterboard sheets. Let's start our consideration with them. various types interior partitions.

Application of drywall

Sheets of wall plasterboard, including moisture-resistant ones, usually have a thickness of 12 mm at maximum length 2.5 meters and a width of 0.6 meters.
The standard lathing pitch for plasterboard and other panels is 600 mm, so that the sheets are joined only on profiles.

An ordinary plasterboard partition is a frame made of metal profiles 80 mm thick, covered with two 12 mm sheets of plasterboard, has a sound insulation index of 34 - 36 dB. Such a low value is due to bridges conducting sound through metal.

Reinforced, with double sheet covering – 45 dB.

Partitions made of plasterboard on a frame are the lightest of the stationary ones and can, as a rule, be erected over floors in all houses.

The maximum weight of fixed objects is up to 70 kg per 1 linear meter. when attached only to the frame using a few screws. Or up to 15 kg per 1 linear meter. when secured using special dowels directly to the sheet.

The main disadvantage of drywall is that it is afraid of moisture, deforms as it increases in size, collapses, and falls off. Do not install in unheated rooms where dew may occur. It is not recommended to enclose bathrooms - swelling is possible if additional water vapor protection of the wall is not carried out, for example, with film materials, impregnations, or varnishes.

The advantages include simplicity and speed of installation without wet processes. It is recommended to assemble it yourself, even if the partition contains doors (in the door areas, the frame is reinforced with a thick-walled metal profile).

Partitions made of gypsum boards

Gypsum slabs usually have a tongue-and-groove connection along the contour, which is why they are also called tongue-and-groove slabs. Their width is usually 10 cm, and their dimensions are 60x50 cm or 50x30 cm.

Weight square meter Such a partition will weigh from 80 kg, so it can be installed on solid floors in accordance with design decisions or permissions received from the designer (homeowner). Moreover, the interior partition can also be installed over a finished floor screed.

The sound insulation level is mediocre - 41 dB. But with double thickness – more than 50 dB.

The strength is average - it is possible to attach a weight of up to 100 kg per 1 linear meter. provided that through bolts are used. Or up to 30 kg per 1 linear meter. using special dowels for plaster.

The partition can be assembled using an adhesive solution for gypsum boards with your own hands. The resulting surface is usually very smooth, requiring finishing plaster and finishing. Therefore, the involvement of specialists in performing this work may not be necessary.

The cost of such a partition, including labor, is approximately $15. for 1 m kV.

Walls between rooms made of aerated concrete

There is more expensive and high-quality autoclaved aerated concrete on the market, which is produced in autoclaves in large production facilities. It should not be confused with cheap foam concrete, which is made using chemical foaming agents in any garage.

Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, intended for the construction of interior partitions, can be of different thicknesses: 75, 100, 120, 150 mm. The height of the blocks is 200 mm and the length is 600 mm.

For the construction of partitions, blocks with a density of 500 - 600 kg/m3 are used. Accordingly, the weight of the structure is not too large (can be calculated), and it is erected on solid floors in accordance with the design.

Sound insulation index values ​​for interior partitions made of D500 aerated concrete at different thicknesses (for lighter aerated concrete the value decreases).
100 mm – 36 dB;
120 mm – 39 dB;
150mm – 41 dB;
Sound insulation can be increased by finishing the blocks with panels with a sound-absorbing backing.

The thermal conductivity coefficient values ​​are usually at the level of 0.15 W/mS, which allows the material to be used for heat-insulating partitions.

Blocks high precision production is mounted on glue, and low accuracy (inaccuracy of height more than 1 mm) - on cement-sand mortar.

Another advantage is that construction is quick, you can do it yourself, plastering work is usually minimal, especially if glue is used.
The downside is low strength and sound insulation. But where these parameters are not important, such a partition often becomes the best option.
The price for a partition between rooms made of aerated concrete can range from 18 USD.
More

Glass blocks - original room design

You can make an interior partition from glass blocks. The thickness of the glass in the blocks is 7 – 10 mm, and the width of the blocks is 80 mm. In this case, the height and length of the blocks can be 24x24 cm or 19x19 cm. It is impossible to cut glass blocks, so half glass blocks with a length of 12 or 9.5 cm are available.

Blocks may have different design, with the help of them a matte, corrugated or generally multi-colored surface is created, including the creation of drawings, panels, landscapes. Available expensive blocks with fusing – the pattern is set by sintering colored glass.

But a glass block partition loses functionality. It is translucent - transmits up to 50% of light or less, depending on the design. It conducts sound well and you can't hang anything on it.

To build a wall made of glass blocks, it is better to invite a specialist. A special adhesive solution is required, the seam between the blocks must be maintained, the masonry must be reinforced with reinforcement, etc.

And a beautiful glass block partition (not like in baths industrial enterprises) will not be cheap.

Brick structures

Brick partitions are the strongest and have good sound insulation
Sound insulation index for walls made of solid ceramic bricks with double-sided plaster of at least 1 cm:
- for a wall of two bricks (53 cm wide with plaster) - at least 60 dB,
- for a wall with one brick (26 cm) - no less than 54 dB,
- half a brick (15 cm) - from 47 dB.

At the same time, a brick partition has excellent strength properties. It cannot be destroyed by an accidental blow; heavy things can be hung on it. In addition, red brick is moisture resistant. From it (only from solid material, so that dew does not settle inside) you can make partitions around wet and cold rooms and around cold rooms, if you additionally apply a layer of effective insulation (due to the low environmental friendliness of polystyrene foam and mineral wool, they can only be located outside residential premises).

But a brick partition is heavy and requires only a foundation of increased strength. The weight of one square meter of half-brick interior partition is at least 280 kg. For example, a small partition of 4.0 x 2.4 m will already weigh 2.7 tons.

Their construction is labor-intensive and requires good construction skills. This is especially true for plastering a brick partition, which is mandatory.

Additional information -

Approximate cost of 1 sq. m. — from 20 USD

Portable, pre-fabricated interior screens and partitions

If strength and sound insulation are not needed, then why build an impressive stationary partition? You can also divide the room into zones using an elegant panel design.
With prefabricated partitions you can separate the kitchen and dining room, or separate the bathroom from the bedroom, the wardrobe from the hotel...

They can be very different in design, including folding, sliding, multi-laminated...

Screens are still popular and can be the highlight of the design.

An interior partition can be an excellent way to zone a living space. It is important to choose a material, since each of them has its own characteristics and installation technology.

Basic functions of interior partitions and requirements for them

An interior partition is a design that allows you to remodel an apartment. It is not load-bearing, but serves only to divide the space of the apartment, which was formed by main walls during construction.

An interior partition divides the space into functional zones and decorates it

Essentially, this is a wall designed to divide a room into separate rooms or functional areas. Therefore, certain requirements are imposed on it, first of all - efficiency, which means small thickness and light weight. It must also have:

• strength;
• sustainability;
• sound and heat resistance;
• moisture resistance;
• hygiene;
• fire resistance.

Not the entire list of requirements is mandatory; some of them may be taken into account to a lesser extent or not taken into account at all. It all depends on the purpose of installing the interior partition. Its design also depends on this, which can be monolithic or frame covered with sheet building materials.

Interior partitions are especially relevant in small apartments

Rules for selecting material for partitions

The selection of material for the partition should be based on the function that this structure will perform. It is also worth paying attention to the design. There are several recommendations that, if followed, will help you plan correctly. interior partitions and choose what to make them from:

1. The total weight of the structure should be insignificant. This rule is especially relevant for buildings with several floors. If you ignore this requirement, then the floor and foundation of the house will be subject to a load that was not taken into account during the design. And this, in turn, can lead to the destruction of the structure.
2. When choosing a material, the humidity level in the room is important. If it is elevated, then during installation it is necessary to provide waterproofing or choose moisture-resistant materials.
3. If the structure is located in an unheated room, it is necessary to install thermal insulation.
4. There is no need to artificially increase the thickness of the partition for communications.

Most often, brick, foam blocks, plasterboard or glass are used for partitions. This function can also be performed by various screens, curtains and other similar elements.

The glass partition looks very unusual

Video: how to choose material for a partition

Types of partitions

There are quite a few types of interior partitions. All of them differ not only in material and functions, but also in appearance and design features.

Stationary

The most common are stationary partitions, which perform the function of a wall. They may be:

1. Brick. Such partitions are appropriate in small buildings. Brick is a durable material, but the process of laying it is quite complicated. It is worth noting the significant weight of the structure, even if the partitions are built in half a brick. Difficulties may also arise due to the need to lay compensation flooring, use metal reinforcement, and prepare cement-sand mortar. This kind of partition can only be mounted on a reinforced foundation.

   The brick partition puts significant pressure on the foundation of the house

2. Wooden, plasterboard, plywood (the materials have a similar weight and installation method). This type of partition is budget and affordable. Another advantage is light weight and ease of installation. For installation, wooden beams and sheets of plasterboard, plywood or boards are required. It is preferable to use plasterboard sheets, especially in rooms with high humidity, since the boards can change and disrupt the surface design. Plasterboard construction it is based on a frame made of metal profiles (you can also take wooden blocks, but subject to low humidity in the room), sheathed on both sides with plasterboard. This design has low noise insulation, since metal conducts sound very well. Therefore, it is recommended to lay between sheets of drywall a material that has good heat and sound insulation properties.

   An interior partition made of plasterboard can be solid or through

3. Glass. The main advantage of this design is the high light transmittance. Thanks to this, it is possible to enclose part of the room without a window, while maintaining a sufficient level of natural light. Glass can be completely transparent, embossed or patterned. It is also possible to use mirror elements for visual expansion space of the room. Glass blocks are especially popular. In appearance, they resemble bricks with glass walls, but inside there is air, allowing light to pass through and at the same time providing good sound insulation. Standard glass blocks have dimensions of 190x190 or 240x240 mm with a thickness of 80 or 100 mm.

   Glass blocks have good sound and heat insulation properties

4. Made from foam concrete. This material is shaped like brick, but is larger in size. At the same time, it is considered lighter, so foam blocks can be used if it is necessary to reduce the load on the floors. In addition, the material is able to provide excellent sound and heat insulation due to its porous structure (the presence of air bubbles). But foam blocks absorb moisture well, so they are not suitable for dividing space, for example, in bathrooms.

   Foam concrete is lightweight building material, well absorbs moisture

5. From gypsum (tongue-and-groove, GGP) slabs. It is based on a monolithic gypsum structure in the shape of a parallelepiped. The size of the slabs is usually 60x50 cm or 50x30 cm with a thickness of 10 cm. On one side there is a groove (which is the supporting side), on the other there is a tenon (the joining side), which greatly facilitates installation. One of the disadvantages of this design can be considered significant weight - 1 m2 weighs about 80 kg. Therefore, such partitions can only be installed over reliable floors. To increase the reliability of the structure, you can use an adhesive solution. The PGP partition needs finishing plaster and finishing, however, like buildings made of brick or foam concrete blocks.

   A partition made of gypsum boards is quite heavy and requires finishing

Sliding and rotating

Sliding partitions are most often used for functional zoning space and creating certain accents in the decor. Such designs are a canvas on a wooden or metal frame and there are:

In addition, the classification sliding structures It is also possible according to the method of spreading the canvas:

Last time special attention focuses on the practical functionality of rotating interior partitions. They are made from fiberboard sheets. Their practical value lies in the fact that different design solutions can be applied on both sides. For example, attach a TV on one side, and storage shelves on the other. At the same time, the position of such a partition can always be changed, which allows you to watch TV while in any of the two rooms alternately. If desired, it can be equipped with an electric drive so that it can be controlled using a remote control.

Only part of the partition can be rotated

Video: dividing one room into a nursery and a living room with sliding doors

Hanging

Suspended partitions are used in cases where interference in the interior of the room should be minimal due to the use of expensive materials for finishing the floor. The reason may also be the impossibility of installing a stationary structure due to the fact that the ceiling is not designed for such loads.

Suspended partitions are valued mainly for their unusual appearance.

A suspended partition is a structure without a lower guide, that is, movement (there are also fixed models) occurs along the upper rail, which can be located on the ceiling or in the upper part of the opening. In this case, a roller mechanism is usually used.

Such structures are subject to special requirements, in particular, they are recommended to be installed on concrete or brick floor, but their sound and heat insulation properties are low. The basis for the hanging partition can be fabric, glass or wooden element or any other material that will not place significant stress on the fasteners.

Fabric partitions are very mobile, since it is always possible to adjust their width

Video: installing floating walls

Portable

In those rooms where sound insulation and strength are not the main criteria for dividing zones, portable partitions can come to the rescue. At its core, it is a screen that allows you to separate the kitchen and dining room or separate the dressing room from the living room. At the moment, there are various designs of portable partitions, which can be folding or monolithic.

A portable partition will help you hide from prying eyes anywhere in the apartment

Step-by-step instructions for making partitions from different materials

Technology for constructing such structural element depends on the material of the partition itself.

From plasterboard

A plasterboard partition is the easiest to make. Instead of this material, sheets of plywood can be used in the same way.

You need to prepare materials and tools in advance:

1. Profiles for the frame. Those used for arranging the ceiling are not suitable. Special rack and guide profiles are needed. There is a choice of several sizes: PN (PS)-50, PN (PS)-65, PN (PS)-75, PN (PS)-100 (some manufacturers use the UW and CW markings, respectively). PN - guide profile, PS - rack profile. It is not recommended to extend the rack profile, so its length should correspond to the height of the ceiling. When arranging a partition with double plasterboard sheathing, it is better to choose profiles PN-100 and PS-100.

   The guide profile PN-100 has a shelf width of 100 mm

2. Sealing tape.
3. Dowel-nails.
4. Construction level. It is recommended to take a bubble or laser one, and its length should be at least 2 m.
5. Drywall sheets. For an interior partition, it is recommended to choose a material with a thickness of 12.5 mm. If the structure is installed in a room with high humidity, then the material must be waterproof. You can also use plywood.
6. Serpyanka is a reinforcing tape that is needed for sealing seams.
7. Roulette.
8. Hammer.
9. Knife for cutting plasterboard sheets. You can cut the material with a regular stationery knife.
10. Self-tapping screws. For arrangement plasterboard partition you need to prepare two types of fasteners: for black metal, 25–35 mm in size, and with a press washer. The first is mounted in frequent increments.
11. Uniflot is a putty for sealing seams.
12. Acrylic primer.
13. Spatulas.
14. Hammer with drill.
15. Screwdriver with a set of attachments.

    Almost every tool needed to install a plasterboard partition is usually found in the house

The process of installing a plasterboard partition is carried out in several stages:

1. Build a frame that includes horizontal and vertical supports. For this purpose, guides and rack profiles are used. To fix them, you can use bolts that need to be placed on the upper and lower floors. The pitch of the racks depends on the desired strength of the structure - the smaller it is, the stronger the partition will be. But at the same time its mass will also increase. It is necessary to lay a sealing tape between the profile and the wall (ceiling) to ensure a tighter connection between the frame and the wall and enhance sound insulation. If the partition is with doorway, then the profiles need to be strengthened in this place. There are two options: insert one profile into another or insert into a profile wooden beam. The second option is more universal and is suitable for profiles from all manufacturers.

   To install a partition made of plasterboard, you need to mount a frame of metal profiles

2. Screw slabs of plywood or plasterboard onto the mounted frame. It is recommended to use self-tapping screws for fixation. The material must be positioned in such a way that the edges of the sections do not extend into the middle of the frame strip. Sheets can only be joined on a profile, so you will have to carefully measure the sheets and, if necessary, trim them. A gap of 10 mm should be left between the floor and the bottom edge of the sheet, and 5 mm between the ceiling and the top edge. You should avoid cross-shaped joints (when four sheets are connected at one point), the probability of a crack appearing in this place is 99%. The pitch of the screws is 15 cm. The caps should not go deep into the drywall.

   Drywall sheets need to be fastened with self-tapping screws

3. Fill the interior space with insulation if necessary.

   The insulation in the interior partition serves not so much for heat insulation as for sound insulation

4. All joints and irregularities should be filled with putty. Additionally glue sickle tape to the seams for reinforcement to increase strength and putty. Prime the partition and then cover it, for example, with wallpaper.

Video: the intricacies of working with drywall

Made from foam concrete blocks

The thickness of the foam concrete partition should be up to 12 cm. Therefore, it is better to use thin foam blocks 10 cm thick, and lay them on the end. In addition to the blocks, you will need the following tools and materials:

1. Construction adhesive or cement-sand mixture.
2. Reinforcing steel mesh. Instead, you can take reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm. Reinforcement of masonry is necessary if it is carried out in an area with increased seismic activity or the likelihood of exposure to any other factors affecting the integrity of the structure.
3. Waterproof cement plaster.
4. Primer.
5. Fiberglass mesh.
6. Steel corners for connecting the partition to the main walls.
7. Plumb line and tape measure for marking.
8. Ladle, comb and trowel. These tools are needed to work with cement-sand mortar.
9. Hammer with rubber tip.
10. A hacksaw and wall chaser are tools that allow you to reduce foam concrete blocks.
11. Electric drill with a drill of the required diameter.
12. Rule.
13. Plaster trowel.

The construction process occurs in the following sequence:

1. Level the base of the floor in the room in which the partition will be installed. Cement mortar copes best with this task. If you dismantle flooring there is no desire, then you need to make a slot in it. Its width should correspond to the width of the partition (foam block thickness 10 cm + plaster layer thickness 1 cm on both sides). You can make a slot with an electric saw; first you need to set the depth of the cut. Make sure that the saw teeth do not touch reinforced concrete slab.
2. Lay foam concrete, starting from the corners. It is recommended that after placing the next element, perform a vertical and horizontal level check. The thickness of the binder is 2–3 cm. A reinforcing mesh must be laid between the rows of foam concrete blocks so that it does not protrude beyond the edges of the partition. Instead of a mesh, you can lay reinforcement, for which you can cut a groove along the entire length of the partition. The laying must be done in such a way that a gap of up to 6 cm is formed between the partition itself and the adjacent main wall. It must be filled cement-sand mortar

   Foam concrete blocks are laid on a cement-sand mortar with the rows reinforced with mesh or reinforcement

3. Secure the wall with reinforcement. To do this, you need to make holes in the main wall, and in the foam block - a groove 20–25 cm long. Fill the hole assembly adhesive or cement-sand mortar, and then insert a piece of reinforcement into it.

   You can fix the partition to the main wall with reinforcement

4. The space between the ceiling and the partition itself must first be closed with wooden wedges, and then cement mortar. Likewise Seal the gap between the partition and the wall.

Video: do-it-yourself foam block partition

From glass blocks

You can start building a glass block partition after laying the floor screed, but before finishing it. In this case, laying glass blocks resembles laying bricks, but the thickness of the seams is approximately 1 cm. Additional finishing you don't need such a partition t. The only rule is to correctly fill the seams, that is, fill them with a special colored material. It is very convenient to use a thin spatula for this.

For laying blocks, you can use colored or white cement, as well as cork gaskets that can protect the partition structure from possible cracking.

The process of installing an interior partition occurs in the following sequence:

1. First you need to build a base two bricks high or more. The base can also be wooden. A glass block structure cannot be independent; it definitely needs reliable support from the floor and main wall. Additionally, it is necessary to perform reinforcement by laying two rods parallel to each other. It is possible to install a frame made of plastic or wood. To everyone glass block must have its own cell. The frame must be attached to the wall, floor and ceiling with screws. Install blocks into the corresponding cells using a rubber seal.

   At each stage of construction of the partition, you need to check the evenness of the structure

When arranging a partition made of glass blocks, you must follow certain rules:

1. In one day you can lay out no more than three rows of glass blocks. Binding solution takes time to dry. Therefore, a structure above three rows will “move” due to its weight.
2. When installing a partition in a bathroom or other room with high humidity, part of the cement (about 1 cm deep) must be removed and the gap filled with sealant.
3. The area of ​​the glass block partition cannot exceed 15 m2, since the lower elements are not able to withstand such a load. If you want to build a structure of similar dimensions, it is recommended to choose frame technology.

Video: laying glass blocks without crosses

Interior partition as a decorative element

The main practical task of any interior partition is to divide the space into functional zones. Depending on which part of the apartment it is installed in, you can choose a solid, transparent or combined design. If the owner is not faced with the task of dividing the room into two completely different separate rooms, then you can use partitions with various decorative and practical solutions:

1. Screens. They are a frame with a shielding fabric. They help partially preserve light exchange between rooms. Their design is designed only for their own weight, additional elements, for example, shelves or a TV, they are not able to withstand.
2. Shelving. They carry both decorative and functional value. Shelves can be different sizes and types. Moreover, the structure can be end-to-end or have one blank wall.
3. Decorated models. Such designs are the most creative because they can include completely unexpected elements, for example, a double-sided fireplace or an aquarium.

Photo gallery: types of partitions in the interior of rooms

The interior partition does not have to be solid The partition shelving can be used to store books or decorative details interior The partition can be an accent detail of the interior In a room with a partition made of frosted glass it will be light and cozy The partition does not have to be as high as the ceiling The screen partition is not able to support additional pieces of furniture You can install a fireplace or an aquarium in the partition

A partition can be an excellent means of redevelopment, which is especially often used in studio apartments. It is important to select the material for construction depending on the task at hand. All work can be done independently, which allows you to turn absolutely any design of the resulting premises into reality.

The space of any apartment or private house consists of separate functional volumes - living rooms and auxiliary premises - kitchen, bathroom and storage room.

To create them, partitions are required - wall structures of various configurations. They are usually built simultaneously with the construction of external walls.

However, when reconstructing premises, there is often a need to change internal layout. This problem cannot be solved without dismantling old partitions and installing new ones. Therefore, we should consider in more detail the question of what can be used to make a partition so that it is durable, absorbs noise well and looks aesthetically pleasing.

Materials and designs of wall partitions

The main building material for partitions for a long time served as red brick. The structure made from it was strong and rigid, however, in terms of its heat and sound insulating qualities it was imperfect.

In addition, laying small-sized bricks is very labor-intensive and impossible without experience and practical skills. The large weight of the brickwork requires a durable structure concrete foundation or a powerful foundation in the form of a reinforced concrete floor slab.

Gradually, bricks in partition structures began to be replaced with lighter ones made of gypsum. They have a large surface area and locking system connections, therefore they are assembled several times faster than brickwork.

High sound permeability - a significant drawback of all gypsum boards had to be eliminated using sound-absorbing plaster or sheet materials fibrous structure.

Today, in addition to brick and gypsum boards, foam and aerated concrete blocks, polycarbonate, plasterboard, chipboard and plywood are used for the construction of partitions. The appropriateness of using each specific material is determined depending on the properties that the partition should have.

Gas silicate and foam concrete blocks

If you require high thermal insulation ability and strength, then it is best to make the partition one-piece. They are optimally suited for this.

Can also be used for this job, but it doesn't finish as well plaster solutions, because it has a closed cell structure.

Manufacturers cellular concrete Today they produce blocks with a thickness of 10 to 15 cm, specially designed for the installation of lightweight interior partitions.

It should be noted that expanded clay concrete blocks are also used in partition structures. However, they are almost twice as heavy as aerated concrete and insulate noise worse.

When building a partition from gypsum slabs, expanded clay blocks, gas or foam concrete, you need to pay special attention to the quality of fastening to the base and ceiling of the first and last rows of masonry. In addition, a tape of fibrous soundproofing material must be laid at the joints with the floor, ceiling and walls in order to cut off structural noise from the partition.

The blocks are laid with ligation of seams along the height. This guarantees the solidity and strength of the structure.

Frame partitions

You can quickly and efficiently build interior partitions using frame technology. Its basis is usually a light steel profile, and plasterboard is used as cladding.

You can reduce the cost of such a design by buying instead steel profile wooden bars. You need to choose only the smoothest and most well-dried wood, without defects in the form of falling knots, blue stains and cross-layers. Otherwise, the wooden frame will be deformed and cracks will appear on the surface of the drywall.

An important advantage of frame partitions is the ease of insulation and thermal insulation. In the internal space of such structures, you can place any type of insulation (mineral wool, ecowool, polystyrene foam, sawdust or shavings).

When choosing polystyrene foam, remember that it retains heat well, but is not an effective sound insulator. Therefore, to reduce noise levels, use in partitions fibrous materials– ecowool or mineral wool.

In addition to plasterboard sheets for covering the frame, you can purchase more durable materials - plywood or chipboard. Possessing high rigidity and low weight, they are inferior to plasterboard in terms of ease of finishing.

For application on such surfaces, you need to use fiberglass mesh, and when wallpapering, use high-quality adhesives.

Polycarbonate

In order to make the walls in the house transparent to sunlight, you can use polycarbonate. Unlike ordinary glass, this material is injury-proof and lightweight.

Polycarbonate partitions are easy to assemble and durable in use. In addition, sheets of honeycomb structure retain heat well and have sound insulating qualities. They are optimally suited for creating sliding structures that can be used to transform the interior space of a room.

Wide range of colors and aesthetic appearance polycarbonate sheet makes it the basic material for decorating interiors in the most modern style. A polycarbonate partition made of aluminum profiles can have any shape, so it naturally fits into the most complex layout.

Sandwich panels

These structures are usually used for installing partitions in prefabricated buildings with steel load-bearing frame. The external surfaces of the “sandwich” are made of galvanized painted steel, with foam or polyurethane foam insulation 8-10 cm thick placed inside.

IN residential buildings, which are built according to the so-called “ Canadian technology", they install ready-made sandwich partitions made of OSB boards, inside of which there is insulation made of polystyrene foam.

Despite good energy saving indicators, the environmental friendliness of such structures, especially when installed inside residential premises, still causes a lot of heated discussions.

Wood partitions

Here you need to highlight frame structures and solid wood partitions. Best place for their installation - premises in a house made of timber or rounded logs. Here wooden structure will be appropriate and aesthetically pleasing even without additional external decor.

For plating wooden frame you can use clapboard or blockhouse, selecting the material for the main finishing of the load-bearing walls. The process of covering a frame structure is not difficult even for beginners, since all cladding molded wood products have tongue-and-groove joints.

To eliminate the risk of wood warping, the choice of material must be taken responsibly, choosing products not natural humidity, but chamber drying and high grade (not lower than the first). When assembling such a partition, use special clamps, and not self-tapping screws, which spoil the appearance of the surface.

Before starting assembly, do not forget to process the frame bars and all facing material a special composition that will protect it from fire and dampness.

The construction of internal partitions from timber has no fundamental differences from chopped walls. It is best to use profiled material for this work. It fits very tightly into a common mass and does not warp as much as wood without tongue-and-groove cutting of the joining planes.

In the area of ​​contact of the beam with the outer wooden wall It is necessary to use fastening steel plates. They will increase the spatial rigidity of the entire structure and will not spoil appearance, since they will be hidden between the beams in a layer of fibrous sealant.

It is not practical to cut into an existing wooden wall in a built house. This will significantly complicate the work and reduce the energy-saving characteristics of the external fence.

What are the partitions in the apartment made of? To answer this question, you should first become familiar with existing materials and the conditions for their use. Today, a wide variety of materials are used for partitions in an apartment or residential building. Moreover, their type and overall dimensions depend on the purpose of the separated space. But before getting acquainted with the types of partitions, you should understand the very concept of dividing a room or its zoning.

What is the best way to make an interior partition to make the room isolated from other rooms? Here it is better to use a denser or stronger material that has high sound insulation properties. Such partitions are most often installed in apartments to create a separate room for children or a study. Not only soundproofing is important here, but also vibration resistance of the walls. What is the alternative? Alternatively, it can be done interior wall from cheaper expanded clay blocks, gypsum blocks and foam blocks.

Internal partitions in an apartment are symbolic, and most often just decoration of the room. They only visually divide the room into two or more specific zones. Such interior partitions in an apartment are most often installed, for example, in the living room to separate the dining room and recreation area, in large bedroom can be separated this way work area(office) from the main area.

Construction of insulated walls

Insulated partition

Let's take a closer look at the construction methods insulated walls, for example, internal partitions made of foam blocks or expanded clay blocks in order to obtain a private space. But first of all, it should be noted that according to generally accepted standards, blind partitions can only be installed in rooms with several sources of natural light, that is, in which there are two or more windows. If the partition is erected in other places, then permission from the BTI and the drawing up of a new project will be required. Therefore, the first thing we will consider is the conditions for installing partitions in the apartment.

Conditions for installing partitions in an apartment

It is prohibited to make permanent partitions in the following cases:

• in order to increase the area of ​​the kitchen, bathroom or toilet at the expense of the living space;
• in the same way, reduce the kitchen or bathroom in order to increase living space;
• install a sanitary unit above the kitchen of the neighbors below;
• transfer the kitchen to the living area;
• if there is gas stove, it is prohibited to combine the kitchen and living space;
• divide living space into two or more with one source of natural light (windows).

In addition to the installation locations for partitions, you should also take into account some technical aspects that will determine what is best to make interior partitions from. These include the following:

• It is prohibited to demolish partitions for the purpose of moving them if they are load-bearing;
• installation heavy partitions should only be carried out on solid foundation(reinforced concrete monolithic, brick or block, with a density of at least D600, wall); in other cases, walls can be laid from foam blocks 10 cm thick or made using a frame.

The table below provides a comparison of several materials according to their physical characteristics, which are decisive when choosing a specific type.

From the table it is clear that the most warm material are gas or gas silicate blocks for partitions in an apartment, but it has less strength due to its high porosity. The most durable material is brick, but due to the high density of the material its weight is very high: 1 m 2 of masonry weighs 250 kg. In comparison with gas blocks, the weight of one element is from 5 to 10 kg with dimensions of 600x300x100 mm, they are more than 4 times heavier and, therefore, will create a greater load on the floors. As for sound insulation characteristics, gas blocks and foam blocks have better insulating properties due to the presence of many gas bubbles. But the table also shows how foam concrete differs from aerated concrete; the pros and cons of both types are obvious.

Types of materials for partitions

Brickwork

For the construction of partitions in rooms with high humidity it is necessary to use a material with a low moisture absorption coefficient. This is a brick or green color. At the same time, it is better to use hollow material for partitions, since it has less weight, at least 30%, but has the same strength.

Brickwork as a partition has a number of advantages:

• high strength and load capacity;
• You can build walls of any curved shape from brick;
• the material is resistant to humid environments and fungal formations; due to poor moisture absorption, it does not form at all.

But there are also disadvantages:

• high weight of the partition;
• high curvature of the surface after masonry, which will require additional plastering, but in the case of installing tiles this does not play a special role;
• high labor intensity of work;
• a lot of accompanying dirt.

Calculator for calculating bricks in masonry

Partitions made of gas blocks and foam blocks

What is the difference between aerated concrete and foam concrete? These materials are quite similar to each other, but they have a number of differences, which are as follows:

• Mode of production. Aerated concrete blocks are made by baking in autoclaves, unlike foam blocks, which harden under normal conditions and can be produced directly on the construction site.
• Chemical composition. They contain a larger amount of cement than in the first option, which makes them stronger and more moisture resistant.
• Foam blocks are less susceptible to processing due to the larger proportion of cement.

Considering all of the above, we can confidently answer the question of what is stronger - a foam block or a gas block. Naturally a foam block, but it has a lower thermal insulation coefficient. In particular, for the construction of partitions in an apartment this does not play a big role.

If the foundation does not allow the construction of massive and very heavy interior walls, then an interior partition made of foam blocks would be an excellent option. But at the same time, it must always be covered without gaps using tiles, plaster and other means in case of construction in rooms with high humidity.

Today there is a wide variety of standard sizes of foam blocks and gas blocks for construction on sale. But for the construction of partitions there are so-called partition blocks. Their standard sizes can be:

• 600x300x100 mm;
• 600x200x100 mm.

An interior partition made of blocks has a number of advantages:

• Installation of partitions made of foam blocks is done quite quickly due to the light weight of each block and its impressive size.
• High rates of heat and sound insulation.
• Good fire resistance.
• High indicators of the geometry of the finished masonry.
• Gas and foam blocks can be easily processed with any tools (chisel, hand saw, drill), but it is recommended to use a tool specially designed for this purpose. The hacksaw should have a thick blade and be equipped with large double teeth.
• When laying partitions from foam blocks, doorways up to 80 cm wide can be made without the use of metal lintels, but only with the use of an adhesive mixture. More details about.

But just like with any other construction, there are some disadvantages due to the following:

• Gas and foam blocks have deviations in geometric dimensions of up to 2 mm, which indicates the need to level the wall with plaster mixtures.
• To prevent the formation of fungus in damp and damp rooms, partitions must be treated with antiseptic protective agents. It must be 100% finished with plaster mixtures.
• The surface is less durable than brickwork.

Tongue-and-groove slabs

Partition made of tongue-and-groove slabs

Tongue-and-groove blocks or slabs are of no less interest for partitions in an apartment. This new material, which is based on gypsum, plasticizer and other hydrophobic additives to increase resistance to water, has excellent geometric parameters. Also, each plate has a groove and a protrusion (ridge) in its structure to ensure ideal joining of the components with each other, forming a single, flat surface.

Gypsum blocks as a building material masonry material have a number of advantages:

• non-flammable and does not deform during prolonged exposure to fire;
• have excellent geometric parameters in contrast to partitions made of foam blocks, which indicates ideal flat surface and no need for plaster;
• easy to process with any tools;
• have excellent sound-proofing and heat-insulating properties;
• have a relatively small weight, approximately equal in volume to a gas block;
• slabs with voids are available for sale, which allows you to easily lay out all the necessary communications;
• the light weight of the slabs and the large geometric dimensions of each block facilitate the rapid construction of walls and partitions;
• the presence of a groove and a ridge makes the wall stronger than laying an interior partition made of foam blocks.

Like any other material, they have disadvantages:

• comparatively low strength of the material;
• high water absorption, up to destruction - for the construction of partitions in rooms with high humidity, it is necessary to use slabs with special additives; they have a green color different from ordinary ones;
• For installation of slabs, only special gypsum adhesive should be used.

Partitions made of expanded clay concrete blocks

For interior partitions they are also a good option because they have good performance strength, sound and heat insulation, and most importantly, low cost. But you should take into account the fact that a more durable material has lower heat retention properties. To build partitions in an apartment, it is enough to use elements with large expanded clay granules. Expanded clay blocks also have pros and cons, which are described below:

• the weakest expanded clay concrete blocks have a moisture permeability coefficient much lower than foam blocks, and is only 50% versus 85%;
• less durable expanded clay concrete block has greater strength compared to foam block, the indicator is almost twice as different;
• laying expanded clay blocks can be carried out directly on a reinforced concrete base in an apartment, while gypsum or aerated blocks should be mounted on a substrate to compensate for the temperature coefficient;