The nuances of ventilation in the bathhouse dressing room. Ventilation in the bathhouse - design features and practical recommendations Ventilation with natural air circulation

When building and repairing baths, attention is paid primarily to construction materials, stoves, insulation and waterproofing. It is assumed that natural air circulation will be sufficient for high-quality ventilation of the premises in the bathhouse. But this is absolutely not true, and if you approach the matter superficially, you may run into serious problems.

Peculiarities

Ventilation in a bathhouse can be done in various ways.

Its presence depends on:

distribution of heat flows inside;
comfort and safety of washables;
period of operation of the building.

Water and steam are continuously concentrated there, and the tree actively absorbs them. Even if you dry the building periodically, without establishing constant air movement, the effect will not be strong enough. To avoid dampness, it is necessary to create a pair of ventilation windows - one serves to enter clean air outside, and the other helps the heated one to come out, having absorbed a lot of water. When selecting the location of the openings, change areas that are particularly intensively ventilated. The use of a pair of outlet openings in the steam room and dressing room sometimes improves the orientation of the air flow in the required direction.

Certainly, great value has both the size of each window and the ability to adjust the clearance. They are equipped with valves that can be opened fully or partially. The calculation of the volume of ventilation holes is based, first of all, on the area of the bathhouse premises. If you make them too large, mold will never appear on the floor and in the sink, but the steam room will take a very long time to heat up, and an unusually large amount of fuel will be consumed, or electrical energy. Windows that are too narrow will not allow the air inside to cool or become drier.

All deviations from normal parameters are strictly unacceptable, which eliminate the occurrence of powerful temperature changes - this not only creates discomfort, but can also provoke health problems. It is impossible to completely eliminate differences in the temperature of the flows; it is only necessary to limit their magnitude. Normal ventilation systems are formed during the construction of the bathhouse, while channels are made and openings are prepared. Windows are installed only after the decorative cladding of the building has been completed. Therefore, you will have to enter information about the design of ventilation ducts into the bathhouse design.

In most cases, ventilation openings are made strictly the same. The outlet hole can be made larger than the inlet hole, but according to safety rules it cannot be smaller than the first one. For the same reasons, they sometimes resort to paired exit windows. It is worth using valves rather than doors as control elements; when closed, it is impossible to maintain the gaps. When the steam room warms up for the first time, the valves are closed 100% until the air reaches the desired temperature.

The use of elements with controlled position is also useful because the amount of air flow must be adjusted according to the season. When there are negative temperatures outside, even a very small trickle of air brings a lot of cold. Therefore, you should not open the ventilation windows completely. The cross sections of such windows should average 24 square meters. cm per 1 cu. m of internal volume. But these are only preliminary figures, and if you doubt the result obtained, you should contact qualified heating engineers for calculations.

It is strictly forbidden to place ventilation windows at the same height or even directly opposite each other, since this will not allow all the air in the bath to be warmed up sufficiently. In addition, such a design will not allow air masses to mix evenly, which means that it will be necessary to carefully calculate the accuracy of the location of the ventilation elements. It is recommended to place exhaust windows just below the ceiling, because the air immediately rushes upward after heating.

Types of ventilation systems

The ventilation device in the bathhouse varies according to the design of the room and its total volume. Natural ventilation is based on the difference in temperatures and pressures inside and outside. In order for it to work efficiently, air input is organized near the stove, at a level of 25-35 cm from the floor. The exit hole is made on opposite walls approximately 15-25 cm below the ceiling. But it is important to take into account that this scheme is not good enough for steam rooms, since it is relatively cold down there, and always hot at the top.

Natural air movement in such a situation is too difficult to organize, you will have to very carefully and carefully arrange the components of the ventilation system. A forced circuit does not always require the use of electronic control systems, with complex panels and so on. There are simpler options when ventilation windows placed in a special way, complemented by an exhaust fan. The combination of such components is especially effective when the bathhouse is located inside the house, the windows are not placed inside the outer wall, but are connected to the exits by a long box for ventilation. Duct fans need to be selected very carefully, because the conditions of their operation in baths differ from normal parameters.

The peculiarity of such devices is the increased waterproofing of electrical circuits and main mechanical parts, adaptation to operation at high temperatures without consequences for equipment. State supply ventilation and its arrangement in each room is adapted to individual characteristics and the type of bathhouse. It follows that the time spent on calculations and thinking through the project is not wasted - it will save a lot of money and time, and get the optimal result sooner.

As is already known, the majority of projects involve the location of introductory windows near the stoves at 0.25-0.35 m from the floor. With this design, the stove transfers heat to air coming from outside, and a flow appears moving in the direction of the hood. Having covered the entire distance, the hot and street flows ultimately cover the entire volume of the steam room, and the area where the top shelf is located is heated the most.

In the second option, due to installation exhaust fan You can mount the inlet and outlet holes on the same wall. The air flow is directed first in the direction heating device. Having received a thermal impulse, it begins to rise to the ceiling and moves in a wide arc that covers the entire room. This approach will be effective if the bathhouse is built into the house and has only one outer wall, and there is no need to install a ventilation duct.

If a bathhouse with a leaky floor is created, the introductory window is placed in the same place as in the first case, directly next to the stove. When the heated air gives off heat in the upper part of the steam room, it cools and sinks to the floor, leaving through the holes in the flooring. This technique improves the evaporation of water accumulating below and allows you to delay the failure of the wooden floor. The hood is placed either in the next room or in isolated channels that do not allow air to return to the steam room. The complexity of the flow path makes the use of a fan mandatory. This option is used very rarely, since it is not easy to calculate everything accurately and provide details properly.

Another type involves a continuously operating furnace, the vent of which replaces the hood. For inflow, a window is made under the shelf opposite the stove itself and at the same level. Cold air displaces the heated mass upward, and when the parts of the flow that have given up heat descend, they go into the ash channel. There are even more complex systems when a pair of inlet and a pair of outlet ventilation windows are placed (necessarily with a forced circulation type). It is quite difficult to regulate complex complexes, but their effectiveness is higher than in simple cases.

The Bastu system is the placement of inlet openings(with adjustable valves) behind or under the stove. The organization of vents under the stove is not necessary, although it is highly desirable. Through these openings, air enters the room from the underground part of the bathhouse, which is connected to the outside atmosphere by the foundation vents. When a bathhouse is made in a previously prepared room, you need to choose a room with a couple external walls; when preparing the basement, choose an angle that meets the same requirements. The dimensions of the inlet and outlet openings are calculated according to general rules.

How to do it right?

Installation of ventilation implies that when the pipe is brought out, it is protected from the penetration of snow, dirt, rain and melt water. When this cannot be done, you can arrange a ventilation box or direct the pipe upward, passing it through the ceiling and roof. In the latter case, the channel is covered with an umbrella to prevent the same precipitation and falling leaves from penetrating inside. Arranging high-level ventilation means ventilating and drying all rooms, structural parts of walls, floors, attics and under-roof spaces.

Step by step guide installation of ventilation in a bathhouse is not difficult to find, however, the most simple option It turns out that asbestos-cement pipes and gratings are selected according to the diameter of the channel. If we talk about technical design, the most effective and convenient design in frame-type walls is the use of supply valves. First, the valve is disassembled and drawn on the wall with a circle marker where the future ventilation ducts will go. To make holes in the casing, use a drill, and take large-diameter drills into which a jigsaw knife can easily fit.

using the jigsaw itself, cut out a circle;
remove wooden parts;
remove insulation and vapor barrier material;
by using long drill pierce the outer casing (this must be done to avoid mistakes when placing the outer lobe of the valve);
mark a suitable hole outside and make it using long drills;
saw off the valve tubes according to the thickness of the wall.

Then you need to mount the tube in the hole with your own hands and secure the inner segment of the valve with self-tapping screws, only after which you can install the outer part of the product. Installation of valves is recommended in washing department and in the dressing room.

When preparing a new building, it is imperative to calculate both the size of the holes and the required fan power. Ventilation can be adjusted even if it was not done initially. A common mistake is to rely on burst ventilation and the use of stove drafts to dry the air. In principle, this scheme works, but it has serious drawbacks. So, when windows and doors are opened, instead of lowering the temperature, steam is released into adjacent rooms.

It does not go outside, but turns into condensation. The air heating decreases only for a short time, and very soon the bathhouse becomes uncomfortable again. To take advantage of the effect of stove drafts for ventilation, holes are needed, but they should only be made at the bottom. This will allow air flow from neighboring rooms, where fresh portions will come from outside. The damper and doors of the furnace itself help regulate ventilation; to increase the inflow, they are opened to the limit, and to weaken, they are partially closed (to avoid the entry of carbon monoxide).

A simple calculation can only be made for forced ventilation, and the natural air flow is much more complex and is subject to a number of different factors. Among them special attention It is worth paying attention to the strength and direction of the wind that blows in a particular area. If the outlet is located on the side from which strong winds are directed, this can lead to the flow of influent mass into it (the so-called effect reverse thrust or its overturning).

Prevention of such a negative phenomenon seems simple - it is lengthening the channels leading in the desired direction or using turns in them. But each turn complicates the work and reduces the speed of air exit or entry. The solution would be to orient the inlet to the side from which the wind mainly blows, while placing the outlet on the opposite side or on the roof (with a high pipe).

Use ventilation duct not in a block wall, in such cases, install it according to interior wall and the partition. According to experts, the best air duct is the one built from galvanized pipes. Plastic structures can be installed with caution, carefully assessing their permissible temperature range. The gap from the pipe to the walls of the hole is filled mineral wool or more modern insulation materials. Polyurethane foam helps eliminate gaps at the inlet and outlet.

The method of fastening ventilation grilles is selected according to the material that serves as the base. Checking the quality of ventilation is very easy - bring a fire or a smoking object to the hole. This will allow you to further find out at what speed the air is moving. Most often, only a hood, supplemented by a fan, is placed in the dressing room.

When the furnace firebox is brought into the dressing room, you need to make a special ventilation channel based on galvanized steel, passed under the finished floors and supplying air directly to the furnace door. The channel must be created before the finished floor is laid. One edge of the pipe is inserted into the hole and fixed in it polyurethane foam, is clogged with a grate. An adjustable plug is installed on the edge approaching the stove.

Good ventilation is one that avoids condensation on the ceiling surface. As for the subfloor, work on it begins with preparation cement screed, which is tilted towards the sewer pipe. The foundation is equipped with a pair of holes (in opposite walls, but not directly opposite each other). Air flows should flow under the floor along the most intricate trajectories. The holes are sealed with valves, which will allow you to adjust the rate of movement of the jet according to the current season.

In a bathhouse, which was originally built without floor ventilation, it is necessary to drill concrete base down to the ground. This will turn out to be a decent replacement for full-fledged drainage when there is no desire to work on installing drain pipes. The ventilated floor must be decorated with lintels, which use pipes or wooden beam with a cross section of 11x6 or 15x8 cm. The logs are covered with processed and well-polished oak boards.

How to choose?

In a Russian bath, unlike an ordinary washing room, It is necessary to ensure the following conditions using ventilation:

temperature in the steam room – from 50 to 60 degrees;
relative humidity – not lower than 70 and not higher than 90%;
very fast drying any wooden surface after finishing washing;
prompt reduction of humidity while eliminating drafts and opening doors;
the same air quality in the steam room, as well as in the relaxation room, regardless of the season;
preservation of all traditional properties of the Russian bath.

No ventilation devices will help save you from carbon monoxide, if there is a constant influx of it. You will have to continuously monitor the complete combustion of the wood, and only after all the coals have died out, shut off the chimney. The organization of air flow in a log bathhouse occurs through the crowns of the walls.

For obvious reasons, this approach is not suitable for a brick building. When walls are covered with boards or clapboards, you will definitely need to use ventilation holes, otherwise the negative effect of dampness will be excessively strong. In most cases, a hole of 200x200 mm will be sufficient to lead pipes to the street. The choice of plastic or metal should be made in accordance with the specific project and operating conditions of the ventilation system.

A bathhouse made of foam blocks must be ventilated inside the walls. The layers of waterproofing and sheathing are separated ventilation gap, for external cladding it is 40-50 mm, and inside the bath - 30-40 mm. A typical design involves the use of sheathing, which already helps hold the wall cladding in place. In addition to in-wall ventilation, all rooms are equipped with an air intake at the bottom (most often behind the stoves) and an outlet (near the ceiling). The advantage of an active air freshening system is that it can be placed anywhere.

In most cases, foam block baths are ventilated in one burst, that is, simultaneously opening front door and the window farthest from it. Only a professional calculation is guaranteed to allow you to find out whether you need artificial ventilation or natural circulation of air masses will suffice.

Components and materials

A fan heater for a bath must have a certain level of thermal protection (not lower than IP44); its body is always made of heat-resistant materials. Modern devices have very high power and operate almost silently, the volume is no more than 35 dB.

The following can be used as ventilation holes in attics:

special windows;
aerators;
soffits.

The full and durable functioning of a bathhouse of any type and size depends not only on the competent construction of the building, its finishing and installation of the stove, but also on the organization of the ventilation system. Further in the material with attached photos and videos we will talk about the types and principles of constructing a hood in various rooms of a bathhouse built with our own hands.

How does ventilation work in a bathhouse?

Air circulation in the bathhouse, as well as in any other room, occurs according to the laws of physics, so circuit diagram hood is quite simple.

To install it, you need to make two types of holes:

inlet;
excreting.

Through the supply channels, the inside of the room penetrates from the street. fresh air. As a rule, when designing a ventilation system inside a bathhouse, such openings are provided almost right next to the floor, not far from the stove. This is done in order to cold air it quickly heated up from the stove and the overall temperature inside the bathhouse did not decrease.

In order to prevent carbon monoxide accumulating indoors and overheated humid air could be removed from the room, exhaust openings are provided. They are placed slightly below the ceiling level opposite the supply channels so that the air can be freely renewed and does not stagnate inside the bathhouse.

However, you should not make a hole in the ceiling itself for the hood, since in this case the bathhouse will cool very quickly.

We can say that the layout of the inlet and outlet ventilation holes itself is not very difficult. Much more worrying is the need for timely and effective removal of carbon monoxide accumulations in the steam room and at the same time maintaining the temperature at high values necessary for a comfortable stay in the steam room.

In addition, you need to think about how to make ventilation in the dressing room, shower and rest room so that it is pleasant and not cold to be in them during the respite after the steam room. So you should work out the ventilation scheme in the sauna dressing room in advance if you plan to perform construction work on one's own.

Air exchange methods

Air circulation in the bath can be done in two ways:

spontaneously;
forcibly.

When deciding how to make ventilation in the dressing room with your own hands, you need to take into account the size of the room itself and its functional features.

Natural ventilation

Natural air movement is achieved due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside the building and outside. When arranging such ventilation in the bathhouse dressing room, you need to correctly place the supply and exhaust windows. It is optimal if cold air comes from below, through a passage located 25-35 cm from the floor in close proximity to the stove. The exhaust hot air will be exhausted through a hood 15-20 cm from the ceiling.

It is worth noting that often this air exchange option is not suitable for steam rooms, since cold air stagnates and accumulates near the floor, and the hottest air near the ceiling. In this room it is quite difficult to create optimal air circulation naturally, although if you try very hard and correctly arrange all the elements of the ventilation system, nothing is impossible.

Forced exhaust

You can make the air flows inside the steam room in a Finnish or Russian bath move using mechanisms.

There are two types of forced ventilation systems:

Using electronics. Such a system controls the air temperature, its humidity, and automatically regulates its supply and cleaning. However, the installation of such complex technological installations can be quite expensive and may not fit into the budget.
Combined method the arrangement of the hood assumes that, along with the installation of openings for air supply and exhaust, special fans are installed. They will force air masses to move, while creating a feeling of natural air exchange.

How the type of bathhouse building affects the type of ventilation system

Natural ventilation is best achieved in log cabins for a Russian bathhouse, if during its arrangement all technological requirements, and the air ducts are installed in the right places.

If the building for a bathhouse is of a frame type, then it is, as a rule, quite airtight. Therefore, in order to ensure better air flow into the steam room and complete ventilation, it is advisable to install a blower fan in the supply window.

Brick buildings are completely unable to breathe and do not allow air to pass through. In such a bath, exhaust hood in the dressing room, steam room and relaxation room can only be forced.

Features and subtleties of hood design

When starting to design a ventilation system in the dressing room and other rooms of the bathhouse, you should consider all the subtleties and features of the placement of its individual elements.

Therefore, you need to decide how to make an exhaust hood in the dressing room, steam room and relaxation room at the planning stage of building a bathhouse.

The passages themselves, through which air flows from the street will enter the steam room, dressing room, shower and rest room, and exhaust air and accumulations of carbon monoxide and steam will go outside, will need to be completed during the construction of the bathhouse frame. But additional elements in the form of grilles, valves to control the intensity of air supply, as well as fans and other mechanisms, are installed already in the process final finishing baths from the inside.

On how effectively it will work ventilation system in the bathhouse, the following parameters influence:

principle of placement of air duct windows;
the dimensions of the supply and exhaust openings, which are calculated based on the volume of the room in which they are located, and it does not matter whether it is a shower room, a relaxation room, a dressing room or a steam room.

Calculation of window sizes for ventilation

It is necessary to calculate the size of windows for blowing and blowing air based on the size of a particular bathhouse room, that is, for a steam room, relaxation room, washing room or dressing room, these indicators will be different. At the same time, it is equally important to provide the ability to regulate the size of such a window and, accordingly, the power of air flows, by installing special grilles and valves.

Note that if the ventilation ducts are made too large, it will be quite difficult to maintain the temperature in the room at the optimal level, which in parallel entails unnecessary costs of electricity or fuel. And adjusting the size of the gap in the air duct by which the damper needs to be opened will be quite difficult.

When constructing ventilation in a bathhouse dressing room with your own hands, you should start from the estimated size of the blow-in window of 24 cm 2 by 1 cubic meter premises. But the blowing hole should be made larger size to ensure good traction.

It is worth remembering that too much carbon monoxide and humid exhaust air can accumulate in the room, dangerous to human life, if the size of the hood windows is not enough for full circulation of air flows.

The principle of placing holes for the hood

The replacement of air in the room occurs due to the gradual rise of heated air masses up to the ceiling in the direction of the exhaust hole, their removal outside and the entry of a similar volume of cold, fresh, heavy air from the street through the supply window.

It is desirable that the direction of warm air flows coming from the furnace can be controlled. Therefore, it is advisable to place two blow-in holes in the steam room at once. Using valves on them, you can create a directed heat flow, leaving one or another gap in the air ducts.

Organization of a ventilation system in a Russian bath

How effectively a do-it-yourself hood will function in the waiting room, steam room and washing room in a Russian bath depends on the quality and literacy of the project development.

It is very important that the change in air temperature when moving from the steam room to the washing room and dressing room is gradual. In addition, it is equally important that the air at the floor and at head level does not differ too much in temperature.

The number of passages for air inflow and outflow, their size and location in the room directly affect the intensity and uniformity of air circulation inside the building. And additional equipment greatly simplifies this process.

Schemes for arranging a hood for a bath

The main task of ventilation in the relaxation room of the bathhouse, as well as in the dressing room and steam room, is to ensure constant renewal of air, maintain constant temperature and humidity, and remove carbon monoxide to the outside. Since all bath rooms are constantly in contact with high temperatures and humidity, they need regular drying.

However, simply ventilating the steam room and drying the wooden elements is not enough. To prevent wood from accumulating moisture, the bathhouse must have a constant, stable exhaust hood. Then it will last much longer and remain hygienic and clean.

Ventilated floor system

To improve air circulation in the steam room, you can install a ventilated floor.

To organize such a design, a number of conditions will need to be met:

air holes must be provided in the foundation of the bathhouse;
in the boardwalk you need to leave gaps of 1 cm, sufficient for the passage of air;
supply channels are located in parallel walls, having previously protected them with gratings;
the finishing coating is laid out above the level of the furnace vent so that it serves as an additional hood;
At the end of the bath procedures, all doors in the bathhouse are left open until the floor is completely dry.

Air exchange in the waiting room

Both the dressing room and the relaxation room are not exposed to the aggressive effects of high temperature and humidity. Therefore, ventilation and air exchange in these rooms is easiest to do. Here, the method of natural ventilation is used, or the installation of additional fans in exhaust openings connected to air ducts in the bathroom, vestibule or steam room.

If desired, you can install electronic ventilators. However, they require an electrical connection and direct access to the street.

Hood in the shower room

Typically, a shower room requires a power-assisted ventilation system to remove accumulated steam and moisture. In this case, the dimensions of the inlet and outlet holes are made the same. The inlet channel begins at a level of 2 m above the ground, and the outlet channel ends above the roof.

Ventilation system in the steam room

One of the main requirements for the ventilation system in the steam room is the absence of drafts. In this case, the room should heat up quickly, and the humidity level should be maintained at the level necessary for bath procedures. In this regard, the principle of location of supply and exhaust openings installed during construction is considered optimal.

The intensity of air flow can be adjusted using valves. At the same time, the large size of the room requires the installation of additional fans for blowing or blowing.

Like any construction project, a Russian bathhouse is built according to a project. It is necessary to provide ventilation for comfortable procedures, achieving a healing effect, and ensuring the durability of the structure of the bathhouse itself.

Specifics of air ventilation in the bathhouse

Ventilation in a Russian bathhouse made of timber with a heater, leaks between stacked logs and cracks between the threshold and the door occurs naturally. There is no need to invent anything additional. It’s a different matter if the room is constructed of brick, concrete, foam block, etc. The heat-protective functions of wood are replaced by additional thermal insulation. Although, a bathhouse made of foam blocks retains heat no worse than in wooden log house.

A modern building, called a bathhouse, is a zoned room, lined from the inside with the same eco-friendly wood. The Russian bathhouse is distinguished by the generation of hot steam. Under its influence, the body releases toxins and salts, which are washed off with water. To stay in the same steam room for a long time with a large crowd of people, you need fresh air.

Important! Proper ventilation in the bathhouse must comply with the requirements of GOST 21.602-79 and SNiP 2.04.05-91 for heating, air conditioning and ventilation.

In particular, ensure that the air is completely replaced at least twice every hour. Moreover, this is also true during the downtime of the structure: the wet surfaces inside must dry completely, the wood does not rot, and its appearance is preserved.

Ventilation in the bathhouse and dressing room - channel layout

Thus, the ventilation device in the bathhouse provides:

an additional source of heating the dressing room when an air duct with hot air passes through it;
adjusting the speed of air flows (incoming and outgoing);
regulation of their movement: air should circulate from the steam room outside, but not towards the dressing room or resting place;
correct installation of the hood (above the roof) for effective removal of vapors for any type of ventilation;
grille positioning: 0.5 m from the top layer of soil with natural air movement, at least 2 m with mechanical ventilation;
increased efficiency of air exchange when combining different types of ventilation.

Air exchange in different zones

Waiting room

Ventilation in the dressing room when installing a stove in it is the simplest and most efficient type air exchange. Air circulates through the firebox. But the proximity of the room to the steam room leads to condensation settling on surfaces: walls, ceiling. To preserve the wooden cladding and prevent it from rotting, the dressing room is well insulated. Drafts are excluded. It is necessary to maintain the dimensions established by the standards: for 1 washable item at least 1.3 sq. m. area. The simplest ventilation scheme in a bathhouse for this room boils down to the removal of exhaust air masses through the bathroom or washing area. But it is best to provide a forced type of air exchange in the dressing room.

Ventilation in a steam room

Complete replacement of air in the steam room should occur 3 times per hour (at least). This is due to the lack of oxygen during bath procedures and its constant replenishment by ventilating the room. Air is sucked in from below at a height of 1.5 m from the floor directly from the street, and not from interior spaces. If in the steam room there is a stove, dampers that specifically regulate the flow of air, a valve for ventilation in the steam room, etc., then these are natural ways to regulate air exchange. By adjusting the cross-section of the air duct, you can also control air exchange. The movement of air flows of different temperatures depends on the location of the ventilation openings. The layout in the steam room is on the same wall, but at different heights or on opposing wall surfaces with different levels of location.

Attention! To prevent drafts, vents should not be installed at the same level opposite each other.

IN optimal option The air vents are installed as low as possible: this way heat is retained better. But for the intensity of air mass exchange in the steam room, you need to equip forced ventilation (deflector, fan).

Deciding on the ventilation system in the bathhouse

When doing construction yourself, you need to know how to make ventilation in a bathhouse so that it:

did not interfere with the rapid heating of the room;
effectively removed carbon dioxide and fuel combustion products;
ensured complete ventilation in minimal time.

Ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands can be aeration, mechanical or combined. Depending on this, the location of the channels and their size are selected. The volume of air flow is directly proportional to the cross-section of the channel. The system should be assembled while the foundation is being formed. The transport air channel comes with a square or round. In the latter case, it, like the connecting box, can be made from plastic pipe 100 mm. The outlet and inlet holes are closed with a fine mesh insert, preventing debris and insects from entering the pipe.

Popular ventilation schemes

The supply air gap is located below on the wall opposite the heater. The blower acts as a hood provided the stove is constantly functioning during bath procedures.
A diagram with openings in the wall for inlet and outlet in the steam room on the same wall, but at different levels: 0.3 m from the ceiling for air removal, 0.3 m from the floor for inflow.
The same distances (30 cm each) for supply and exhaust, but air enters the steam room immediately behind the stove and is removed through a channel on the opposite wall.
The inlet is behind the stove (0.3 m from the floor), the exhaust with forced air removal using a fan is opposite on the wall, below at the same height.

Algorithm for designing a system with a fan

Step by step installation guide combined option provides for increased fresh air injection by a special wide-blade fan.

To work you will need tools: a hacksaw, a drill, three-wire wiring, etc.
A fan of calculated power and performance is purchased.
In a wooden frame, adjacent holes are made using a drill with a special funnel.
Using a hacksaw, the membranes between them are cut off, the holes are combined into one hole.
In the same way, a channel is made for the air inlet (outlet).
The vector of air flow movement is tested experimentally. To do this, all the holes are plugged and the stove is heated. When the temperature in the bath exceeds +50°C, the holes open. Air flows are studied.
Rigid wiring is laid in a waterproof corrugated casing to power the fan using an RCD.
A fan is installed in the center of the ventilation hole. Fastened with self-tapping screws.
Dampers are made or purchased to prevent heat loss and reduce the heating time of the stove. Inserted into fixed runners or mounted on hinges. If the bathhouse is located autonomously, the shutters are also hung from the street side.

Important! All accessories for installation work should be made of stainless material, and the fan should be made of heat-resistant polyamide that can withstand heating up to 130°C.

So, is ventilation needed in the bathhouse - yes, it is. Is it possible to arrange it yourself without the use of complex equipment - yes, quite. But, with mandatory study theoretical foundations, developing a project and drawing up a work plan.

The specifics of the bathhouse presuppose the high-quality organization of the ventilation system. A large amount of moisture, high temperature, hot water steam, residues of burning particles, smoke, combustion products in the air solid fuel etc. - all these factors require constant ventilation. At the same time this process should be carried out not only after the completion of the procedures, but also directly during their implementation. Ventilation in the dressing room is as important as for other sauna sections and is connected to common system ventilation.

Features of the bath

Differs in characteristics:

Occasional use. Heated at regular intervals, not used every day. The rest of the time the temperature inside is not regulated. It is not a residential building.
High humidity. When used, it is exposed to large amounts of water and water vapor. Due to the large temperature difference, condensation may collect on the ceiling of the waiting room.
Hot air. High temperature inside is one of the main characteristics of the bath structure. Hot air from excess humidity prevails inside the washing room and steam room. It makes it difficult to breathe freely and puts a strain on the body.
Solid fuel. As a rule, it is heated with wood, the combustion products of which, along with the smoke, partially enter the building.
Minimum windows. The building is always built with a minimum number of windows to avoid heat loss. The steam room is deprived window openings at all. The largest number of windows are located inside the antechamber.
Carbon monoxide. If the air exchange inside the bathhouse is not properly organized, when using it, there may be a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

The need for ventilation

Ventilation must be done during heating, as well as after completion of all procedures.

For heating and direct use:

ventilation helps to establish air exchange so that the polluted air flow leaves the room, being replaced by a cleaner, but warmer one;
fresh air supply is needed directly for the furnace;
adjustment of the temperature and humidity indicators of the specific air environment of the bath;
maintaining a more comfortable temperature inside the waiting room and relaxation area.

Ventilation after visiting:

allows you to dry the bathhouse to prevent the appearance of mold and mildew on wooden finishing elements, accessories, etc. Excessive dampness in a poorly lit space can easily provoke mold and rotting of wood;
long-term exposure to moisture wooden structures will lead to distortion of the original parameters and properties (for example, doors and window sashes will close poorly and loosely);
The pores of mold fungi in a poorly ventilated room are in the air, there is a constant smell of dampness and musty air. This prevents you from feeling comfortable when visiting the bathhouse;
ventilation after taking bath procedures is also necessary for the building itself. It will last longer and function better if it is thoroughly and regularly ventilated and equipped with a proper ventilation system.

Types of ventilation

Proper ventilation in the dressing room and other sections of the bathhouse is generally organized according to the same natural laws as the ventilation systems of other premises and buildings. Ventilation according to the supply method is:

natural - the intake and removal of air masses occurs according to the physical laws of replacement warm air arriving cold and heavy;
mechanical - does not take into account natural processes. Fans are installed inside ventilation openings and air ducts for forced air exchange indoors;
combined – combines the listed types. As a rule, the exhaust is mechanical, the inflow is organized in a natural way.

Ventilation in the bathhouse is organized naturally using ventilation openings and window vents. After the visit, the doors are additionally opened for final drying of the washing and steam rooms, as well as the dressing room.

A forced ventilation system is installed if there are signs that existing scheme ventilation is not effective:

Condensation collects on the ceiling of the dressing room if hotter water vapor from the washing room or steam room gets there;
the appearance of mold, initial signs of rotting wooden elements finishing;
constant dampness that cannot be removed by ventilation;
unpleasant smell of the bathhouse.

How is the ventilation of a bathhouse arranged?

Most often, the bathhouse is equipped with natural ventilation. Supply ventilation openings are mounted at the bottom of the walls, 10-15 cm above the floor level. If there is a stove with a firebox in the dressing room, the inflow is located close to the stove so that the incoming flow warms up without reducing the overall temperature inside the room.

In addition, a ventilation duct should be placed under the finished floor, supplying fresh air directly to the furnace. The pipe entrance begins inside the foundation of the bathhouse, the exit is below, near the combustion compartment.

Supply openings are also located in the steam room. They are placed at the bottom (for the stove, if it is placed there), at the top for proper air circulation.

Exhaust vents remove excess hot, humid air that collects, as well as carbon monoxide if it is likely to occur. They are mounted 10 cm below the ceiling, opposite the inlet openings or diagonally so that the air exchange covers the room area as completely as possible.

It is not recommended to install ventilation openings on the ceiling, as this will lead to rapid cooling of the bath room or dressing room. It is important to organize ventilation so that fresh air comes in regularly, replacing hot stale air, while the temperature in the rooms does not decrease and remains comfortable. You should also avoid a situation where the supply flow excessively cools the lower tier of the bath. The temperature transition from the upper to the lower tier should be gradual and not cause discomfort.

Requirements for dressing room ventilation

Proper ventilation in the sauna dressing room is organized with your own hands, following the criteria:

supply and exhaust flows must be of the same volume;
The direction of the air flow should be strictly organized from the dressing room to the bathroom or vestibule. When the air moves back, foreign odors may get inside;
the outlet of the ventilation opening is located at a height of at least 2 m above ground level;
if the hot air flow is removed from the steam room through air ducts, it would be advisable to use it to organize heating of other rooms of the bath;
It will be effective for the waiting room combined system ventilation, when a mechanical hood is installed and supply air is supplied naturally;
the air exchange rate should be 3;
Mounted fans must be moisture resistant.

How to make ventilation in the dressing room

It is not difficult to organize a ventilation system in the dressing room on your own, taking into account the basic patterns of natural air exchange. The easiest way to do this is when the foundation is being built, the frame of the bathhouse. Ventilation openings are provided for the foundation. Ventilation openings are also left near the walls, calculated in advance and commensurate with the layout of the future building.

Step-by-step instructions on how to properly ventilate a waiting room:

The location of the steam room door is determined. It is best to place it closer to the stove to maintain temperature balance;
an opening (15-20 cm) is laid on the opposite wall from the steam room door;
the distance from the ceiling to the edge of the vent is 10-15 cm;
the supply opening must be equipped with a sliding plug to regulate the volume of hot air removed;
To improve the speed of removal of moist hot flow from the dressing room, it is recommended to install an axial fan inside the exhaust opening. It will create an area low pressure and the supply air flow will be drawn in naturally;
Instead of an exhaust vent, you can install a ventilation duct that will take in hot, humid air and discharge it outside. This method is effective;
on the wall opposite from the hood (or the diagonally opposite corner) an inlet opening of the same size is installed;
height from floor to opening – 50 cm;
if the stove firebox is located in the dressing room and the flow of fresh air is necessary for heating, a separate ventilation supply duct is installed. It is placed under the floor, starts from the opening inside the foundation, and is supplied directly to the combustion chamber of the furnace.

For the ventilation device in the waiting room to be effective, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

additional ventilation in the bathhouse using window vents is desirable;
the waiting room itself must be insulated, since with a large temperature difference condensation (moisture, misty suspension under the ceiling) can accumulate here;
ventilation openings are also necessary for the steam room so that high-quality circulation of air masses occurs;
If possible, the waiting room should be made spacious at the rate of 1.3 m² per person, since smaller dimensions can create inconvenience and discomfort;
the waiting area should be warm to provide comfortable conditions for relaxation after the steam room;
there should not be a sharp temperature difference between rooms, as well as between tiers of air space;
The supply channel, which supplies fresh air to the furnace firebox, is recommended to be made of galvanized steel, with a built-in plug that can be used to regulate the supply flow.

The level of ventilation depends on how well the ventilation of the bathhouse structure is organized. comfortable conditions indoors, the service life of the building, the microclimate that directly affects human health.