Modern renovation or construction work it is difficult to imagine without the use of water-based paints, which are currently one of the most popular types paint and varnish materials. But even before the middle of the 20th century, little was known about these paints and it was necessary to use oil and enamel paints that were harmful and inconvenient to use and store. Now they have been replaced by water-based paints, which are intended for both interior painting and exterior painting of buildings and structures. These paints fit perfectly on almost any surface, including brick, concrete, wood, and plaster. At the same time, the painted surface acquires an attractive and neat appearance, and the unpleasant odor characteristic of other paints and varnishes is absent.

Anyone who has already tried or is just planning to use water-based paints will find it useful to learn a few interesting facts about the composition of these paints, the types and characteristics of the polymers used, their operational characteristics and recommendations for use. Information about the history of the creation of water-based paints will also be no less interesting and useful.

History of the creation of water-dispersion paints

The first scientific research in the field of creating high-pressure paints dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, when the famous German chemist Fritz Klatte discovered polyvinyl acetate, better known as PVA glue. It was PVA, or rather its dispersion, that became the basis for water-dispersed paints, which appeared already in the 20s. Later, a second type of dispersion was developed in Germany - butadiene-styrene.

However, the development of this industry was significantly slowed down by a series of world wars. When the passions of war subsided, and the need arose to rebuild and restore destroyed cities, work on the creation of water-dispersion paints resumed. And by the end of the 40s, acrylic paints were developed, which were originally intended for artists and were produced in small tubes. These paints, unlike modern acrylic ones, were dissolved not with water, but with white spirit or turpentine. But already in 1960, the American artist Leonard Boku created the first water-soluble acrylic paint, due to which its scope of application has expanded significantly.

In the USSR, water-dispersion paints based on butadiene styrene and acrylic did not appear on store shelves until the 90s, when they first began to be imported from abroad. Soviet industry was limited only to the production of polyvinyl acetate paints, which were used for industrial needs. Therefore, with the advent of acrylic water-emulsion paints on the market of paints and varnishes, manufacturers and consumers faced a not an easy task- learn how to properly produce and use these products.

Composition and characteristics of the main components of water-based paint

In the general case, the composition of water-based paint includes tiny particles of polymers that are suspended in an aqueous environment. Manufacturers add a variety of substances to this base, which determine the specific brand and properties of the paint. For example, thickeners, antiseptics, dispersants and plasticizers, as well as antifreeze, defoamers and other additives can be added to paints.

The final ratio of the various components will depend mainly on the purpose of the water-based paint. The film-forming agent in the paint may be polyvinyl acetate, butadiene styrene, styrene acrylate, acrylate or versatate. Since the paint initially has white, specially introduced white pigment- zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. For inexpensive paints, chalk can be used, which additionally serves as a filler. Barite, calcite, talc, and mica are used for the same purpose, but more often the filler is made complex by adding several minerals at once. To give the paint the desired consistency, a special thickener is added. Most often, CMC glue - carboxymethylcellulose - is used for this purpose. This entire complex system of various paint components is contained in a solvent, the role of which is played by demineralized water.

Depending on the brand of paint, the proportions of individual components also change. However, in general view the composition of water-based paint has the following percentages by weight: film former - 50% (aqueous dispersion 50-60%), pigments and fillers - 37%, plasticizers - 7%, other additives - 6%.

Characteristics of water-based paint depending on the type of film former

Five types of film formers can be used as a binding polymer in water-based paints, which largely determine the advantages and disadvantages of a particular type of paint.

Water-based paints based on polyvinyl acetate are considered the lowest quality. Such paints are labeled “VD-VA” and have a very narrow scope of application. These paints are not used for domestic purposes during repairs or construction, since over time they turn yellow, and the painted surface is covered with a dense and opaque film. In addition, VD-VA paints are non-waterproof.

Unlike PVA-based paints, water-based styrene-butadiene paints are resistant to moisture, but also form a dense film and do not withstand exposure to sunlight. To mark these paints, the abbreviation “VD-KCH” is used.

Paints based on styrene acrylate are labeled “VD-AK”. These paints are significantly superior in quality to PVA and styrene-butadiene paints, which allows them to be applied to external and internal surfaces. Due to the small size of polymer particles, VD-AK paints have excellent adhesion to almost all types of surfaces, and the penetration of particles into the pores of the surface being painted increases strength. Such paints form a porous coating that is resistant to moisture and solar radiation.

Water-based paints "VD-AK" can also be made on the basis of acrylate. The cost of such paints is slightly higher than styrene-acrylate paints, but the acrylate coating is more resistant to weathering and provides better rigidity to the painted surface.
The latest development is “VD-AK” paints based on versatate. This polymer is not inferior in its quality characteristics to acrylic paints, but at the same time its cost is lower than acrylic polymer.

Water-based paints: production stages

The production technology of water-based paint includes 4 main stages:
. Combining an aqueous polymer dispersion with a pigment and filler;
. Dispersing pigment paste;
. Input of additional components;
. Filtration of the finished mixture and packaging.

During the dispersion process, fine grinding of liquid or solids. This method is used to produce aerosols, suspensions, powders and emulsions. This procedure is carried out in special dispersants - ball and bead mills. When the device operates in a vertical and horizontal working chamber, the components are crushed. This is achieved using a shaft with disks that accelerate metal beads (up to 4 mm in diameter) or steel balls (more than 30 mm in diameter). The more specific gravity and the hardness of the balls, the more intense the dispersion occurs.

After dispersion, the resulting pigment mass is placed in a dissolver with a frame stirrer installed in it. The rotation of the stirrer prevents sticky and thick components from settling on the bottom and walls of the dissolver. During this process, the paint composition is finally brought to standard quality characteristics. As a rule, each operation takes approximately 20-30 minutes, but this time may vary depending on the technical characteristics of the dispersant, dissolver, as well as the volume and characteristics of the mixture components.

The final stage is filtration and packaging of the finished paint. In this case, the entire production process must be carried out at a temperature not lower than +5°C so that the paint does not lose its properties.

Water-based paints: main advantages and disadvantages

Characteristics, and therefore positive and negative qualities water-based paints are determined by the type and amount of polymer binder. However, regardless of the type of film former, all water-based paints compare favorably with other paints and varnishes in that they are environmentally friendly and non-toxic. In addition, there is practically no smell when working with them. Water-based paints are easy to dilute with water, they are not flammable, and accidental drops can be easily removed damp cloth. The coating of water-based paints is strong, elastic and durable - without significant shedding or wear, the paint can last up to 15 years, and thanks to the ease of adding dyes, it can be tinted to the desired color yourself. Additional advantages of acrylic paints include resistance to moisture and ultraviolet radiation, as well as resistance to yellowing, which allows the coating to retain its original color and shine for a long time.
However, water-based paints also have their disadvantages. So, unlike oil and alkyd paints, storage and painting work with water-based paints is only possible if the air temperature is above +5°C. With more low temperatures Oh, the paint spreads unevenly and takes a long time to dry. The cost of water-based paints is higher than the price of alternative paints and varnishes, but here it is necessary to take into account that working with water-dispersion paints and cleaning stains is much easier and more enjoyable than with organic-based paints.

Choosing high-quality water-based paint

When choosing paint you should pay attention special attention for the following points:

Scope of application - the type of paint will depend on the work for which the paint is purchased and under what conditions the painting will be carried out. water-dispersion paint. There are paints for external and internal use, for wet and dry rooms.

Appearance - Water-based paints can provide a glossy, matte or silky-matte finish. Matte and silky-matte paints are better suited for ceilings and wallpaper, but they are not as wear-resistant as glossy surfaces.

Color - most often, water-dispersion paints are white. In this case, the color quality of the paint can be assessed by the degree of whiteness. If high-quality and expensive pigments were used in production, the paint will ultimately have an exclusively white color, without shades or streaks. The desired color can be given to the paint using special tints.

Covering power - the paint consumption, as well as the number of layers applied, will depend on this indicator. You can roughly estimate the hiding power by calculating the density of the paint. To do this, divide the mass by the volume of paint. On average, the density of high-quality paint should be 1.5 kg/l.

Marking - depending on the binder polymer, the paints are marked “VD-VA”, “VD-KCH” and “VD-AK”. After the letter designation there is a number that indicates the area of ​​application of the paint - “1” for external work and “2” for internal work.

Manufacturer and price - available in stores wide range water-dispersed paints from domestic and foreign manufacturers. Trust your choice the better companies that have at least 3 years of experience in paint production and have already earned the trust of consumers. The price of water-based paint depends, first of all, on the current price of the components. At the same time, you should not look for cheap options, since in this case there is a high probability of purchasing low-quality paint. You should focus on a price of at least 1 USD. per liter of paint.

As when working with other paints and varnishes, before you start painting with water-based paint, you must carefully prepare the surface to be painted - clean it from dirt, dust and remnants of the previous paint. It is also advisable to smooth out surface unevenness with putty and then sand it.
When carrying out painting work in cold weather, the can of paint is first kept indoors for at least 24 hours, and then the can is opened and any films and inclusions are removed from the paint surface. It is better to immediately paint 10% more paint by volume than was previously calculated, since the actual consumption always exceeds that specified by the manufacturer, and it will not be possible to accurately tint the additional volume of paint.

If you first apply a layer of primer to the surface, then when painting you can significantly reduce the consumption of water-dispersed paint.

Ceilings, floors of the room, furniture in it, as well as window and door designs Water emulsion based paint is most often used. Water-based paint, the technical characteristics of which provide the coating with a durable and high-quality color, is highly environmentally friendly and does not have a toxic effect on living organisms.

Principles of forming the protective composition of water-based paint

The name water-based emulsion comes from the presence in its water base of a suspension of pigments, which together form an emulsion. Dispersed elements are not mixed with the aquatic environment, but are created and exist in parallel with it.

Thus, water-based paint consists of filler, thickener, latex and antiseptic.

After the water dries, the polymer particles form an even coated layer on the surface. Undried paint can be easily removed by hand, and its layer does not have an unpleasant odor. The paint is resistant to mechanical stress, but it is not applied to metal surfaces to avoid corrosion from constant humidity.

Main technical characteristics of water-based paint

Water-based paint, the technical characteristics of which are viscosity, consumption, specific gravity and drying time, has stable production performance and is optimally suited for processing internal surfaces residential premises.

The degree of dilution of the coloring mass with water is indicated by the viscosity indicator, measured using a viscometer.

The consumption of emulsion paint directly depends on the absorbency of the receiving surface and ranges from 100 to 200 milliliters per square meter of surface, painted with a layer of paint one millimeter thick.

The specific gravity of water-based paint is about 1.3 kilograms per liter.

The drying time of water-based paint depends on humidity and air temperature and ranges from two hours to a day. Optimal drying conditions are considered to be an air temperature of +20 degrees Celsius and 65% humidity.

The shelf life of emulsion paint largely depends on its storage conditions (ideally cool dark place) and averages 24 months.

The characteristics of water-dispersion paint are fully reflected in the data of GOST 28196-89.

Technical characteristics according to GOST

Water-based paint, the technical characteristics (GOST) of which are registered under number 28196-89, is called water-dispersion paint, represented by suspensions of pigments and fillers, enclosed in an aqueous dispersion of synthetic polymers, to which various auxiliary substances are added, such as an emulsifier, stabilizer and others.

GOST 28196-89 replaced the outdated GOST 19214-80, GOST 20833-75, TU 6-10-1260-87, TU 6-10-2031-85, TU 6-10-2054-86, TU 6-10-2081 -86 concerning paints and varnishes. All water-dispersion paints are fireproof, and their production and operation are possible only in supply-ventilated areas.

According to GOST, their transportation and storage must be carried out in sealed containers at temperatures above 0 degrees, but a short-term temperature drop to -40 degrees within one month is allowed.

Water-based paint, the technical characteristics of which provide its reflective properties, is tested for light resistance in production - an experimental section is placed under a special lamp for 24 hours, then in complete darkness for 2 hours, and then compared with expert samples.

Features of using water-dispersion paint VEAK

Water-based paint VEAC, the technical characteristics of which are among the most necessary for safe and quick work in residential premises, is optimally suited for home repairs.

It has a white color and a set of additional pigments with which you can get any desired color.

In each case, the surfaces to be painted must be perfectly smooth and dry - in such conditions, the consumption of VAEK will be less than 150 grams per square meter. It fits perfectly on old and already painted surfaces because it has a latex base and dries within 4 hours.

Since VEAC is a water-based acrylic paint, the technical characteristics allow for its dilution with water, but not more than 10 percent of the main volume. Chemical thinners must not be used. The properties of the paint make it possible to wash surfaces painted with it. warm water, but tools should be cleaned of it immediately after finishing work.

At optimal conditions the painted surface does not lose color and strength for 7 years.

Features of using polyvinyl acetate paint

Similar in quality and service life, as well as the application mechanism, is polyvinyl acetate water-based paint, the technical characteristics of which allow it to be used in painting not only the internal surfaces of a building, but also cardboard, plywood, plasterboard and wood.

Polyvinyl acetate but is extremely susceptible to temperature differences and high humidity. This paint is water-based, the technical characteristics of which allow it to be used for finishing surfaces, and thanks to which it dries completely in two hours.

The consumption of polyvinyl acetate emulsion paint is about 200 milliliters per square meter; to paint over stains you will have to apply it in several layers. Its higher consumption and specific composition compared to others make it more expensive.

Specific features of water-based paint "Tex"

When choosing the type and brand of paint product, you should also pay attention to Tex water-based paint. It is a silicone-modified viscous liquid with an acrylate base, characterized by a snow-white shine, moderate consumption and ease of application. A full range of colors is produced for it.

Water-based paint "Tex", the technical characteristics of which allow it to be applied to brick, concrete, wooden surfaces, used for treating walls and ceilings; it forms a practical matte film on the surface, allowing air to circulate freely between the thickness of the paint and the surface material. However, the main and obvious disadvantage of Tex paint is its heat sensitivity - the air in the room when using it should be warmer than +5 degrees Celsius.

General principles of care and cleaning of surfaces coated with water-dispersion paint

Any water-based paint is washable; The technical characteristics of this paint make it possible not only to easily and quickly apply the material to a vertical or horizontal surface with a roller and brush, but also to then wipe this surface with a damp cloth for a long time.

For cleansing construction tools and clothes from such paint are also used lather(for polyvinyl acetate suspensions); acrylic emulsion paint must first be damaged with a spatula - for faster removal, the desired area of ​​the painted surface is first covered with paper or newspapers, placing them on jelly-like starch or ordinary wallpaper glue.

It is possible to clean areas of the surface by using a spatula - burning fragments of the surface and removing them with a blade.

Chemical solvents are also suitable for removing water-based paint, having a gradual destructive effect, but they emit an unpleasant odor and are toxic to the body.

Before working with water-based paint, it is necessary to level, plaster and, if necessary, putty all surfaces. Despite the environmental friendliness of the paint, you still need to prepare safety glasses, a respirator and gloves for work.

The paint can is shaken, its contents are mixed and diluted with water according to the instructions. On putty walls, paint is applied in three layers, on wallpaper - in one. The paint is applied in parallel stripes from the window to the wall. Brushes, rollers, spatulas and spray guns are used as application tools.

In the modern world, environmental safety is highly valued building materials, their durability, ease of use and a minimum of time spent to implement all design ideas. Therefore, along with high-quality oil paints widespread water-based compositions were also obtained. Since the types of this finishing material also differ in the method of use for different rooms and surfaces, before using them in repairs, you need to find out what type of this coating will do exactly for you.

Peculiarities

The water-based composition includes various polymers or mineral particles, additives, and tinting pigments. When painting any wall or ceiling surface, the water component dries out, leaving a polymer film or film of mineral particles on the surface.

Emulsion paint does not have a strong chemical odor when drying. This magical property allows this emulsion to be used for work in enclosed spaces and for people who are allergic to this type building materials.

Pros and cons

The positive aspects of using this coloring material include:

• It is very easy to apply on any pre-plastered surface - concrete, wood, gypsum concrete. Brushes and rollers can be easily washed with water after use.
• This paint is easy to dilute, since the main solvent is water. Thanks to this dilution, it becomes safe and non-toxic, so it is recommended for interior work, even in rooms with closed windows.
• It differs from all other types of paint in that it dries faster than all other types.
• After painting, there is no unpleasant odor left in the room for many weeks, as after using other types of finishing materials.
• Water-based paints are distinguished by the fact that they are not subject to peeling if all rules of storage, application and preparation of the surface for painting are observed.

• An important feature is environmental safety for humans. This coating is non-toxic, not harmful to humans, without a strong chemical odor.
• Dirt from surfaces painted with certain types of water emulsion can be easily washed off with water and any detergent.
• Also important features are non-flammable and increased resistance to various alkalis.
• Certain types of water emulsion are recommended for rooms with high humidity- for a bath or kitchen, but not only because they have increased water-repellent ability, but also because they are breathable, as they easily pass air and steam through their layers.
• This type of paint has antibacterial characteristics.

• The service life depends on the specific type of paint. Currently, you can choose one that will not lose its presentation for 20 years.
• Some types of water-based emulsion have such a density when painted that they can easily mask cracks up to 2 mm.
• Water emulsion is suitable for any interior design, as it can be easily tinted even independently, and the variety of colors and the possibility of using them in different percentages with paint gives such a range of colors and shades that allows you to realize all your dreams and fantasies in renovation professional designers and lovers.
• Low price and excellent quality allow VE paints to compete with many types of wall and ceiling finishing for any type of repair work.

This type of paint also has disadvantages:

• The use of water-based emulsion is impossible when sub-zero temperatures, therefore the minimum temperature limit is up to +5 degrees Celsius. Already at 0 degrees it freezes and loses all its properties.
• Some types of paints have a short service life, but these types of emulsions are becoming rare and are being forced out of the market by more durable paints.
• Not always suitable for metal or glossy surfaces due to the large amount of water in their composition.

Specifications

By familiarizing yourself with technical characteristics one or another type of HE paint can be selected the right type specifically for this surface.

When choosing, pay attention to the following factors:

• Compound. Depending on the fillers, thickeners, and antiseptics contained in the aqueous solution, this paint may or may not be suitable for interior or exterior use, for wet or dry rooms.
• Application. What materials is this suitable for coating? finishing material. Is it possible to paint wood, concrete, metal, enamels?
• Viscosity. How much and with what you can dilute VE paint.
• Consumption. Depends on the base material and its absorption characteristics. Typically, the consumption of color emulsion is 200-400 ml per m2.

• Specific gravity. You can determine the quality of the paint by the weight of the can. A good water emulsion has a density of about 1.5 kg per 1 liter. From this we can conclude that high-quality paint in a ten-liter jar will weigh about 15 kg.
• Temperature during painting and drying. What is the optimal temperature when using this type of emulsion.
• Humidity permissible during painting and operation.

• Storage conditions. Maximum permissible high and low temperatures at which the paint does not lose its properties. It should be stored in a place where direct rays of the sun do not reach, where it is cool and dark.
• Expiration date of paint in a can.
• Service life of this type of paint on painted surfaces.

To choose the paint that is right for your case, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with existing species and with their technical characteristics.

Species

Water-based paints come in several types.

Polyvinyl acetate

These paints are the cheapest. One of the positive properties is that they are resistant to sunlight and the effects of fats. Also, these types of coatings can be painted even indoors; they are non-toxic and safe due to their components. They contain polyvinyl acetate, or, more simply, PVA glue.

But they are afraid of water, so surfaces painted with this type of paint cannot be washed. They are only suitable for rooms that are dry and infrequently used.

After some time, this paint may turn yellow old glue. Currently, this type is almost never used for repairs.

Mineral

Also relatively inexpensive paints. They contain calcium hydroxide, slaked lime or cement. This type can be used to paint any surface, but it is best suited for concrete or brick surfaces. These water emulsions are different high vapor permeability and do not suffer from significant temperature changes.

Basic negative characteristics– they quickly lose their original color, as they fade and are damaged upon contact – they are washed out, they have a short service life, so they are used less and less in interior work, more for facade decoration.

Silicate

They contain sodium silicate - liquid glass. These are relatively inexpensive paints. They are durable, strong, but are only suitable for concrete and plastered walls. They tolerate temperature changes, are vapor- and air-permeable. But they are afraid of water and precipitation, since they are not moisture-resistant, which means they are useful only for painting inside the house and only for dry rooms.

This type of painting is not suitable for rooms with high humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms. And this material does not adhere well to metal, stone, glass and ceramics.

Acrylic

And although they are more expensive in price than mineral HE paints, the difference in price is various types paints and different manufacturers allows you to select the desired finish for any wallet.

The main advantages of this type are water resistance, strength and resistance to mechanical abrasion, immunity to ultraviolet radiation, and dirt-repellent characteristics. They are elastic, that is, they are applied easily and without smudges and have a high painting density, so they can seal cracks up to 1 mm. They have the lowest consumption of color emulsion when painting even in one layer. Suitable for any type of premises, as they are mainly washable.

Latex

These are latex-based or acrylate-based acrylic paints. Here the acrylic emulsion contains latex. And because of this, they are relatively expensive. Latex gives acrylic paint increased water resistance. Surfaces painted with this type can be washed even with detergents. They withstand 5 thousand washing cycles without losing color, brightness and water resistance.

This paint can be used on wood, concrete, brick, metal, plaster, drywall and structured wallpaper. Its composition is more elastic and covers any surface well. A double layer allows you to seal cracks up to 1 mm. The paint dries quickly and has no odor, which means it is environmentally friendly and harmless to health. This type of coating can be used in swimming pools and bathrooms.

The only negative is that it is not vapor-permeable and condensation may form on it. This species is also afraid of low temperatures - in cool rooms, the surface painted with latex paint may crack. It has poor resistance to exposure to the sun, fungi and bacteria.

Silicone

The composition of these coatings includes silicone organosilicon resins. They are suitable for ceilings. Available special types silicone paints for ceilings, which have increased adhesion to the surface, which means they roll out easier on the ceiling and do not flow.

Due to the increased density, this type can mask cracks up to 2 mm. This type is considered antiseptic, as it has vapor and gas permeability, which prevents the formation of fungus and mold. Therefore, they are suitable for painting areas with high humidity, especially bathrooms and kitchens. The painted surface is easy to clean.

Silicone paint can be used to cover a previously painted surface with such types of paints as mineral, acrylic and silicone, except oil-based. Even a black interior surface can be easily covered with two layers of paint, since the silicone water-based emulsion has increased coverage.

The only surface that may not look very aesthetically pleasing over time is reinforced concrete. Rust stains may appear on the paint as the reinforcement begins to rust, so it is recommended to protect or use this surface before painting new look paints with anti-corrosion additives.

Which one is better?

To choose a paint for painting, you need to know its characteristics and take into account both price and technical features. You need to know what surface is at the base for painting, whether you will pre-prime it, what are the technical characteristics of this surface, whether it is located outdoors or indoors, in what room, how much time you need to paint and for this surface to completely dry.

Depending on all these parameters, you need to choose the right paint. You may not need the most expensive silicone water emulsion.

Mineral and acrylic dyes are more suitable for painting external surfaces. But surfaces painted with a mineral coating quickly lose their original color, although this coating is much cheaper in price than acrylic.

To paint indoors, you need to consider whether you need to paint the walls or the ceiling. or some wooden, metal, glass surfaces. The microclimate in a given room is also important. All types of water-based emulsions are suitable for dry rooms, but you need to keep in mind that polyvinyl acetate, although the cheapest, can turn yellow over time, mineral ones are easily erased upon contact, and acrylic, latex and silicone ones are quite expensive. It is best to paint concrete or plastered surfaces with silicate water emulsion. But for wallpaper for painting it is not very suitable; here it is better to use latex.

For wet rooms, acrylic, latex and silicone paints are best. The only disadvantages of latex are that it is afraid of low temperatures and is not vapor-permeable, does not protect against condensation, as well as mold and mildew. All of these types are highly expensive.

All types of paint are also suitable for ceilings. You just need to take into account that for rooms with high humidity it is better to use mineral, acrylic, latex or silicone. At the same time, acrylic and silicone do not flow when painted and are more durable, although more expensive.

There are special silicone dyes for painting ceilings. Their composition is characterized by increased coverage and drying speed, which means it allows you to paint the ceiling more accurately and easily.

Application technology

Before applying water-based paint, you need to consider the following points:

• How the surface was treated. If it has been primed, especially if the solution has been thoroughly rubbed over the surface of the base, then one applied layer of paint will be sufficient. It should be taken into account that with each subsequent layer the color of the painted surface becomes more intense.
• When dry, the color of the paint is slightly different from the color in the can.
• The second and subsequent layers can be applied only after the previous one has dried. Typically drying time is about 8 hours.
• Water-based paint should dry in a natural environment, without drafts.

For painting, you can use any tool - a brush, a sponge, or a long-haired roller. Short pile rollers are not used because they do not grip required quantity paint, and from foam rollers the water-based emulsion may bubble on the surface, as the foam absorbs excess paint. Even after painting, the surface may look uneven and rough to the touch.

Mineral paints can be applied by spraying the paint over the surface. This method is also suitable for painting ceilings, wallpaper, radiators and any hard-to-reach surfaces and objects.

The choice of painting tool also depends on the expected effect. Even when working with a roller, the layer of paint that can be applied to the surface, that is, the intensity of the color, depends on the length of its pile. And also when working with a roller, you may need to use a paint brush - this will help when painting in corners and hard-to-reach places.

A sponge is used when you need to paint some objects or textured surfaces or to add texture using a thicker paint composition.

Typically you start by painting the perimeter with a brush and then use a roller. It is recommended to start painting any object from top to bottom; this creates a surface without drips or drips.

It is advisable to protect untreated surfaces before painting. and apply masking tape to the baseboards, trim and window sill along the paint border. If the floors are already prepared for painting with varnish, then you should also stick tape on them so as not to complicate your subsequent work, because the water-based emulsion that has not been completely wiped off may be visible through the varnish in places where the walls come into contact with the floor, but in order to prepare perfect surface Painting with varnish will take precious time. You can also apply tape where one color transitions to another.

Please note that the tape, even if it is masking, must be removed immediately after painting this area. If the paint dries, it will be impossible to remove it without damaging the painted surface.

If you are painting ceilings, you must first clean them of the old coating, then level the surface with putty and prime them. A primer is necessary, as it reduces the penetration of paint into the base and increases the degree of hiding power. It is better to choose a primer from the same manufacturer as the paint, or one recommended by the paint manufacturer.

There is the following rule - if there is only one window in the room, then begin painting the ceiling parallel to the window from one wall to the other. The second time they paint perpendicularly - in the direction from the window to the wall opposite. That is, the last layer should always be painted towards the source of daylight. This helps hide all the imperfections of the base coating. The paint is applied in parallel stripes, carefully overlapping the previous one by 2-3 cm.

It is advisable to allow half an hour to paint the entire surface, as after painting the painting will look uneven and sloppy. Where it is impossible to paint the surface with a roller - corners, joints - use a brush, carefully painting all hard-to-reach surfaces. If there are two window openings in the room, then paint twice from the window to the blank wall, placing two layers of paint perpendicular to each other.

When painting walls and ceilings that are plastered and primed, two layers of paint are usually used, and when applying water-based coating on paper wallpaper– one layer. Therefore, when purchasing paint, keep in mind that plastered surfaces require three times more paint than those covered with wallpaper.

HE paint on walls sets in about 10-15 minutes, so to avoid a visible border when drying, you need to paint quickly. Painting begins from the corner, painting it with a brush from top to bottom with a stripe 5 cm wide. Next, paint with a roller, after squeezing it onto a special paint ditch or a flat piece of linoleum, plywood, or wood. Apply paint from top to bottom in a continuous strip, extending 5-8 cm into the adjacent one. This helps to get rid of visible boundaries of paint application. When there remains a distance equal to one roller width to the second corner, then the corner of this wall needs to be painted with a brush. If you are going to paint the second wall next, then immediately paint the corner of the second wall with a brush.

How to divorce?

If it is written on a can of paint that it must first be diluted with water, then it is advisable to do this, since then the paint will acquire exactly the desired viscosity and consistency, which will allow you to easily and accurately apply it to the surface.

Most often, high-quality water emulsion is sold in white and is tinted to the desired shade either independently or in a store using special equipment. In this case, a color is used, which can also be purchased in the store.

If you are tinting yourself, then make a reserve of ten percent more than the main amount, since in the future it may be useful for updating the surface.

It is better to first dilute a small amount of tinted paint to check how it will look on the painted surface after drying. The color of the paint is slightly different when completely dry from what we see in the can or during the tinting process. If the expiration dates or storage conditions have been violated, if the paint has frozen, you also need to first see how it will lie on the surface.

When using a device such as a spray bottle for painting, you need to take into account that diluting the paint with plain water is not suitable, since after complete drying it may remain on the surface. white coating. Therefore, water-based emulsions for paint sprayers are diluted with either distilled water, alcohol, or ether.

Manufacturers' recommendations for paint dilution must be strictly followed. so that it is not too thick or too thin. If this is not done, the surface may be painted carelessly. Thicker paint creates the effect of “shagreen” skin, it shrinks and looks like poor-quality whitewash, while thinner paint gives unsightly streaks.

It should be taken into account that after 15-20 minutes the paint begins to thicken and to paint the second layer it must be diluted again directly in the spray cans. Thinned paint should look like full-fat milk.

How to delete?

Sometimes before new paint it is necessary to remove the previous layer of finishing. If there was previously PVA-based paint - polyvinyl acetate or mineral, then it can be removed using a sponge with a water and soap solution.

To remove acrylic or silicone HE paint, you need to use tools such as a spatula or an angled disc grinding machine. You can remove the previous layer using a chisel. This is an almost silent method, but very tedious. A hair dryer is also often used to heat the old finish and remove it with a spatula. Nowadays special chemical-based removers are sold. You need to apply it to the paint, gradually it will be absorbed and destroy the old layer.

Manufacturers

The production of water-based paint has been established for a long time and is very widely represented on the market.

We recommend rubber paint as a wear-resistant and easy-to-apply alternative to water-based compounds. As an interior material for walls and ceilings, this coating is primarily attractive for its ease of cleaning from grease and other contaminants. This is especially useful in families with small children - you can easily remove marks from felt-tip pens or watercolor paint. The coating is environmentally friendly, safe for health and odorless. However, you should beware of inexpensive rubber paints, where the price reduction is achieved by the presence of styrene-acrylic latex in the composition. With regular exposure to the sun (namely, UV rays) or water, the coating begins to crack and deteriorate. In the living room on sunny side Even one month of operation is enough for such consequences.

Styrene-acrylic latex is absent, for example, in the durable rubber paint “Mizar” Rezolux Universal. The service life declared by the manufacturer is up to 10 years. In addition, due to its increased water resistance, the material can be used to cover walls even in bathrooms and toilets. The advantage of “Mitsar” Rezolux Universal compared to analogues is its increased hiding power; paint consumption per square centimeter of surface is about 150 grams. This is approximately four times lower than the popular rubber coating Super Decor Rubber. Thus, with the same area, the cost of purchasing Mizar products will be four times lower.

Let us note that Mitsar, a St. Petersburg manufacturer, has been producing paint and varnish materials for 12 years; special attention is paid to achieving the best key parameters along with the lowest price - among all foreign and domestic analogues. For these reasons, the company constantly wins tenders for the supply of materials for State Defense Order enterprises. The company is known for its products adapted to extreme operating conditions, with increased mechanical loads, low/high temperatures and exposure to aggressive chemical environments. In the last few years, defense enterprises-customers in tenders, instead of parameters and requirements for paintwork materials, immediately indicated specific Mizar products. This is a clear sign that the experience gained confirmed the correct choice in favor of the materials of this particular company from St. Petersburg.

You can choose any unknown manufacturer, perhaps with a lower pricing policy, but you can spend money on higher quality paints like these famous manufacturers, How Dulux, Dufa or Tex. Their palette includes paints of all types and purposes, both matte and glossy, as well as semi-matte and semi-gloss. These manufacturers have confirmed their reputation by the time they have been on the sales market and the quality of their products.

To learn how to paint walls with water-based paint, see the following video.

People have been using water-based paint for walls for a long time when decorating interiors and for exterior work. Water emulsion began to rapidly gain popularity. This paint consists of water, small polymer particles, fillers, additives and pigments.

Coating features

Water-based acrylic paint can be called universal: it can be used to decorate any surface. It is applied to the following materials:

• brick;
• tree;
• drywall;
• concrete;
• wallpaper for painting.

Each type of paint has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Types of material

Water-based solutions are divided into several categories.

Acrylic composition

The most popular type of coating, which is used very often. This water-based paint for walls and ceilings is resistant to various influences due to the presence of acrylic resins in the composition. When dirty, the surface is easy to clean, so this composition will be an ideal option for offices and residential premises.

Coverage features:

The material is based on silicone resins and is suitable for application to any mineral coating. TO

The main advantage is the elasticity of the composition. Cracks up to 2 mm are painted over. The silicone composition is distinguished by its vapor permeability.

These paints can be used indoors where high humidity: in the kitchen, bathroom, shower, basement. Due to the filling of irregularities and roughness, the material is resistant to mechanical and temperature influences, humidity. It can even be applied to plaster without first priming the walls.

Silicate type

This water-based interior paint consists of aqueous solution, colored pigments and liquid glass. There is no film on the surface, instead there are strong chemical-physical bonds. They are resistant to atmospheric and mechanical influences.

Manufacturers guarantee a long service life - up to 20 years. Suitable for finishing open terraces.

Attractive price/quality ratio. It is made on the basis of PVA, it is chosen for interior decoration.

There are many advantages:

• fits well on plaster, cardboard, wood and other porous materials;
• can be used in a room that needs a higher level fire safety;
• does not contain harmful components;
• drying speed.

She's not very rich color palette, but this can be easily compensated for with the help of special colors that will give the composition any shade. The use of additives will help obtain a glossy or matte surface..

Mineral and latex based

The mineral coloring composition contains slaked lime and cement, suitable for

painting brick and concrete surfaces. The service life is not very long, so it has not been in great demand recently.

If you need to create a surface that is not exposed to moisture, then you should choose cleaning options that contain latex. The coating will withstand a large number of wet cleanings and is suitable for painting walls and ceilings in the kitchen and bathroom. Prices are average.

Latex compounds repel moisture well and cover large cracks well; they do not require particularly thorough surface preparation before applying them.

Gloss level

Water-based paint is also divided according to another indicator - the degree of gloss. Manufacturers offer:

• glossy;
• matte;
• deeply matte;
• semi-matte (silky-matte);
• semi-gloss;
• high gloss.

Semi-gloss and glossy compounds are more resistant to abrasion when compared to matte options. They can be washed much more often, because the surface of such material is even and absolutely smooth. Cleaning with a damp cloth does not change the texture, but the matte surface can be rubbed, and because of this, shiny, unsightly spots will appear that need to be painted over.

Before purchasing a material, you need to study its main characteristics - consumption, composition, drying time, storage conditions, specific gravity, shelf life. Each point needs to be given special attention.

1. Viscosity. This figure should be quite high. It is this that determines the degree of dilution of the composition with water (when applied with a brush it ranges from +40...+45 °C, and when using a spray gun +20...+25 °C.
2. Consumption. Usually there are 150 g of product per 1 m², 250 g if the coating is two-layer. Manufacturers may unintentionally mislead buyers by indicating on their product that it has a consumption of 110-140 g. But these indicators usually correspond to ideal conditions: the walls must be plastered and completely smooth. But it directly depends on the surface roughness, material, painting method and absorbency. For example, applying with a roller is more economical than with a brush.
3. Shelf life - from the date of manufacture 2 years. It is necessary to observe storage conditions: the place should be cool and dark, the composition should not be exposed to freezing.
4. Drying. Depends on air temperature and humidity. Optimal temperature is +20°, air humidity - 65%. Drying time ranges from 2 to 24 hours.

Quality and manufacturers

A high price is a clear sign of the quality of a water-based composition. It is worth understanding that 90% of the materials and components for the material are imported from Europe, so the price for 1 liter cannot be lower than 70 rubles. A significant decrease in cost may indicate poor product quality.

The weight of the paint is also an indicator of quality. Her average density fluctuates between 1.35−1.5 kg per 1 liter, therefore, a 10 liter bucket cannot weigh less than 15 kg. It is better not to buy the composition in the open in winter construction market: When the paint freezes, it loses its properties.

You need to choose a trusted manufacturer. Dulux can be called the leader, but Tikkurila also has good technical characteristics along with highest quality. The compositions of the German Dufa have also proven themselves with the best side. And Johnstone’s from the UK has a high price due to its excellent quality. Among domestic products, Eurolux and Admiral are most often chosen. The price for such compositions is quite affordable, and the quality is at the proper level.

Surface painting technology

Usually, there are no significant problems with painting walls, but finishing the ceiling can be considered a more complex process in technical terms. Before work, you need to prepare the surface: remove all the old coating, sand, level. Then the consumption of the coloring composition will be significantly reduced..

It often serves as a primer itself. water-based composition, which is diluted 40% with water, although experts advise using a primer for a specific type of surface.

Colored material must first be tested to determine what the color will actually be. To do this, just apply it thin layer on the wall and wait until it dries. Usually the color turns out 1-2 shades lighter than in the bucket. The difference is usually insignificant.

Painting of the ceiling and walls begins from the farthest corner of the room from the window, then the remaining corners and joints are painted. A strip 5 cm wide is applied along the perimeter of the ceiling, then you need to switch to a spray gun or roller. To get an even color, you need to apply 2-3 thin layers - this is better than applying 1 thick layer.

Layers of paint are applied perpendicular to each other. The next layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried. The last layer is applied parallel to the light rays: due to this trick, small irregularities and errors are almost invisible. You can use textured glass wallpaper to exclude possible problems. Woven textured surface will mask coloring errors.

There is nothing difficult about painting walls and ceilings with water-based paint. The work does not take much time; even a novice master can handle it if he approaches the matter with all responsibility. Using a water-based coating, you can update your home interior in a short time.

Water-based paint

Let's look at the characteristics of water-based paint. It is always difficult to imagine the renovation of premises without such a material as paint, which must be taken very seriously, since painting is a kind of result of all your construction or repair. We will not delve into antiquity, but only note that relatively recently, materials based on acetone, solvents (for enamel paint) and drying oil (for oil paints) were used for these purposes. Nowadays, water-based paints are increasingly being used, especially for interior work: water-dispersion and water-based paints.

Composition of water-based paint

Composition of water-based paints

The composition of the paint includes small particles of various polymers, water, coloring pigments and various plasticizers, and all solid components do not dissolve in water, but are suspended. The supplements themselves do not contain harmful chemical elements, like solvents, therefore they do not publish unpleasant odors and non-toxic. During the painting process, water evaporates from the surface being treated, leaving tiny particles of the remaining fractions in the form of a polymer film. The film formers are acrylate, styrene acrylate, styrene butadiene and polyvinyl acetate, which divide the paint into several types:

• Acrylic paint, containing acrylic resins, which, after drying, create a plastic film that is resistant to fading, abrasion and cracking.
• Included silicate paint includes liquid glass, which is dissolved in water. Although the coating treated with this paint has good breathability, it is poorly protected from moisture.
• Silicone paint is a creation of acrylic and silicate types by adding silicone resin to silicate paint. In addition to strength, the painted layer protects the processed material well from fungi.
• The presence of latex in the paint makes it possible to wash the surface frequently, even with detergents. This type of paint is called latex.

Application of water-based paint

Method of painting a ceiling with water-based paint

Before applying paint, it is necessary to carefully prepare the surface by wiping it from dust, dirt and residues. old paint. If there are uneven surfaces in the form of bumps and depressions, you need to level it with putty and then clean it sandpaper. If the paint container has been in the cold, it must be kept in a warm room for 24 hours. In practice, paint consumption is usually 10 - 15% more than indicated in the instructions, so in order not to run to the store again later, you need to take this into account and buy paint with a reserve.

Water-based paint interacts well with materials such as fiberboard, chipboard, concrete and, in addition, it can be applied to the old layer oil paint. In turn, it is allowed to paint over the layer of water-based paint with any other paint.

Pros and cons of water-based paint

• all types of water-based paints are diluted with water, and therefore there is no toxic component when working with them;
• the coating layer withstands frequent wet cleaning;
• the surface painted with paint allows air to pass through, which allows the walls and ceiling to “breathe”;
• the quality of paint can be significantly improved by adding chalk or turpentine to it;
• it is allowed to apply water-based paint to a surface previously painted with other types of paint;
• relatively low cost;
• Easy to work with paint, quick drying, tools can be easily washed with water after work.

• a significant disadvantage of water-based paint is that it cannot be allowed to freeze, because it then loses all its qualities;
• Painting work can be carried out at a temperature not lower than + 5 ºС.