When talking about caring for cyclamen at home, it is necessary to touch upon many aspects, the observance of which directly affects the well-being of the plant. You must devote a lot of time to this flower, because without proper attention it will not live long.

In this article we talk about what types of cyclamen exist, how not to make a mistake when choosing a flower in the store, and of course, about how to grow and care for cyclamen at home. Also from the article you will learn about how to deal with possible diseases and pests, how to replant and propagate a plant, and in what cases it should be disposed of.

By following all the rules for caring for cyclamen, you can grow a beautiful healthy flower, which will become a delicate aesthetic decoration of your interior. The activity is quite labor-intensive, but it's worth it.

Cyclamen: leaves, flowers, seeds

Cyclamen is a winter-flowering plant and the entire cycle of its vegetation is subordinated to this feature. In the summer, in the heat cyclamen is in a dormant state, and comes to life in the fall, growing new leaves and produces buds on long peduncles curled downwards.

• Cyclamen flowering falls in late autumn, winter and spring, which makes cyclamen very valuable house plant.
• Especially often given and received as a gift cyclamens during the winter holidays. When purchasing, choose cyclamen with many young buds, which are usually “hidden” under leaves.
• Homemade cyclamen leaves beautiful heart-shaped, the upper surface is often decorated with interesting “marble” patterns.

Cyclamen flowers have 5 petals bent back, color which are usually more intense at the base. Cyclamen flowers often have a subtle, refined “papery” aroma.

Homemade cyclamen - growing features

The cyclamen root is a flattened round corm up to 15 cm in diameter with a single growing point. Damage it and destroy the bulb. Cyclamen leaves are basal, leathery, heart-shaped, growing on petioles up to 30 cm long, dark green in color with a grayish-silver pattern. Original form the flowers look like strange butterflies - the petals are bent and pointed, sometimes have a fringed shape, and color palette incredibly wide - boiling white, pink, all shades of red, burgundy and purple. Cyclamen blooms for longer than three months.

There is an opinion that indoor cyclamen is a capricious plant. Don't believe it! Cyclamen is unpretentious, just in its agricultural technology, as in the agricultural technology of any other plant, there are certain requirements, mandatory implementation which will allow you to easily cope with its cultivation. So:

• – do not store tubers under any circumstances faded cyclamen in the refrigerator - after such storage the onion will not wake up;
• – the cyclamen flower does not tolerate heat and stuffiness, but lives well in a cool room at a temperature that is uncomfortable for humans – only 6-12 ºC;
• – direct sunlight can cause burns on the beautiful cyclamen leaves;
• – do not bury the cyclamen tuber in the ground: at least a third of the bulb should remain on the surface;
• – cyclamen does not tolerate excess mineral salts in the soil, so be careful with fertilizers;
• – the pot for cyclamen needs to be small, so that from the bulb to the wall of the pot there is a layer of soil no thicker than 2-3 cm.

Growing cyclamen from seeds

How to grow cyclamen.

A species such as Persian cyclamen reproduces by seeds. Cyclamen seeds are sown in February or March, although cyclamen grown at home can be propagated at any time of the year. On the eve of planting, soak the seeds for 12 hours in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate or in Epin or Zircon preparations prepared according to the instructions.

After this, sow the seeds in a soil mixture for cyclamen, consisting of two parts of pre-steamed soil, one part of a soil mixture such as “tulip” or “terra vita” and half river sand to loosen the soil.

It will be better if you make a groove 1 cm deep in the soil, pour it well with water and place the seeds in it 2-3 cm apart. Sprinkle the seeds with a layer of soil on top and cover the container with glass or film. At a temperature of 18-20 ºC, seeds germinate in 30-60 days, although there are slow-growing varieties that germinate in five or more months!

Planting cyclamen.

When sprouts appear, remove the cover and move the container with them to a more illuminated place, but away from direct sunlight! When two true leaves appear, the seedlings sprout 2-3 seedlings into one pot, completely covering the nodules with soil.

The soil should be loose, such as a “tulip” mixture or the same mixture in which you sowed the seeds. After 6-7 months, you can transplant the grown cyclamen into pots with a diameter of 6-7 cm with the same soil mixture.

Planting cyclamen in this case requires deepening the corm no more than two-thirds of its size so that the growing point rises above the soil surface. If you care for cyclamen at home correctly, you will be able to see it bloom a year and a half after sowing the seeds.

Caring for home cyclamen

How to care for cyclamen at home.

Cyclamen is a flower that requires bright, indirect light and cool (6-12 ºC) temperatures. In addition, you will have to frequently ventilate the room, but under no circumstances create drafts in it - this is unacceptable for cyclamen.

Frequent spraying will make the air humidity in the room higher, which cyclamen really likes; in addition, it can reduce the temperature by a couple of degrees in the summer heat.

The plant also needs fertilizing with complex fertilizer for flowering plants, but be careful with the consistency - it is better to underfeed this plant than to overfeed it.

How to water cyclamen.

During the period of active growth, cyclamen requires regular watering, but try to avoid fanaticism in this matter: watering should be sufficient, but not excessive.

To be sure that the plant has enough moisture, use the bottom watering method - place the pot of cyclamen in a container of water and keep it in it until it gets wet top layer soil, then remove the pot from the water and allow the excess to drain.

This method, by the way, will not allow moisture to get to the top of the tuber, where the growth point is located, thereby minimizing the risk of plant rotting.

Reproduction of cyclamen.

Cyclamens reproduce by seed, which we described in detail in the previous section, and by vegetative means by dividing the tuber. But only those corms that have more than one growing point can be divided, and this happens very rarely. In addition, the process of dividing and rooting part of a tuber for an amateur often ends in failure, so we can assume that the seed method of propagating cyclamen is the only possible one.

Cyclamen after purchase.

How to care for cyclamen immediately after purchase? Sometimes the next day after you bring the purchased cyclamen home, it drops flowers and even leaves. Don't panic - this is completely natural behavior for cyclamen.

• He needs to get used to your environment, and you try to create for him the conditions in which he will be comfortable.
• The cyclamen flower should occupy the brightest and coolest place in the house.
• Check the substrate, and if it is dry, give the plant a drink using bottom watering or watering in a pan - in these cases, the plant will receive exactly as much moisture as it needs.

Be sure to spray the plant. Do not feed cyclamen for two to three months after purchase - plants that go on sale are well and long-term fertilized.

Cyclamen flowering.

Cyclamen blooms either in summer or winter, and the time, that is, the duration of the plant’s flowering, directly depends on how you follow the rules for caring for cyclamen. Let us remind you that optimal conditions conditions under which cyclamen will bloom long and profusely are as follows: a lot of light, but without direct sunlight; The optimal temperature for flowering is not lower than 10 ºC and not higher than 20 ºC. Water either from the bottom or in a tray so that moisture does not get either on the growing point or on the leaves with flowers. Trim faded flowers.

Replanting cyclamen

How to transplant cyclamen.

Cyclamen is replanted into a new substrate about once every two years if the pot has become too small for the bulb. This should be done at the end of the dormant period before the start of active growing season. But remember that cyclamen does not need a spacious pot; it blooms well only in a cramped one, when the layer of earth from the bulb to the wall of the pot is no thicker than 2-3 cm.

For example, for a bulb that is 1-1.5 years old, a pot with a diameter of 7-8 cm is suitable, and for a two- to three-year-old bulb, a pot with a diameter of 14-15 cm is suitable. new pot put expanded clay for drainage, a layer of fresh substrate, then the bulb along with an earthen lump and roots and add enough substrate so that the tuber is immersed in it by two-thirds. Compact the soil well. The transplanted cyclamen will need fertilizer no earlier than in a month.

Replanting cyclamen after purchase.

After purchase, cyclamen is replanted only if it is in a dormant period, which in itself is strange - who buys a bulb buried in the soil?

If you bought a flowering cyclamen, wait until it blooms and rests, and then, at the very beginning of the growing season, if the bulb is crowded or you want to change the technical plastic pot on a beautiful one, transplant the cyclamen in the described way. Or, if the plant is doing well in an old pot, it is better to place the ugly pot of cyclamen in a beautiful planter.

Cyclamen prefers a cool room (+13-16 degrees) with bright lighting. Best for homemade cyclamen East or west windows are suitable in summer and south windows in winter. Don't put cyclamen under direct sunlight or near a heat source (battery, fireplace).

Temperature, location and lighting

Cyclamen likes to be around bright lighting, but direct exposure to the sun’s rays is not desirable for it; it is better to hide the flower from them. In winter, for such a plant, a room is recommended where the air is heated only 12 degrees, no higher and with good lighting. In summer, room temperature is sufficient for favorable flower growth.

• Purple cyclamen does not have a clear dormant period; wintering is usually not done for it, but it would not hurt it. This differs from the alpine violet, which, in turn, after the flowering period (May-June) goes dormant and begins to shed its leaves.
• The best place to grow cyclamen is eastern and western windows. If the plant is located on the south side, it is important to protect it from direct sunlight. The room where cyclamen grows must be regularly ventilated.
• Hybrids cyclamen persian- heat-loving plants, so temperatures below +10 degrees are as uncomfortable for them as heat.

Along with the coolness, cyclamens prefer relatively humid air, but spraying from a spray bottle is strictly contraindicated for them. Instead, you can simply hold the planter with cyclamens on a tray of wet gravel or near a water source.

Humidity

Cyclamen is a plant that loves high humidity. During growth, the leaves need to be sprayed. As soon as cyclamen begins to bloom, spraying is no longer necessary. To increase the humidity level, you can create water mist near the plant. You can also place it on a tray with wet pebbles. In winter, cyclamen should be placed on long distance from central heating batteries.

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Watering

Watering cyclamen should only be done when the surface of the substrate is slightly dry. Better water the cyclamen from below, leaving the pot with flower in a container of lukewarm water for 10-15 minutes, and then be sure to drain all the water before installing again cyclamen in a flowerpot. If water gets on the base of the tuber and leaves of cyclamen, it can cause dangerous fungal disease cyclamen - gray rot(Botrytis cinerea) and plant rotting.

Cyclamen, like orchids, will tolerate drying out of the soil more easily than excessive watering, although you shouldn’t let the plant dry out either. From excess water cyclamen leaves turn yellow, and the tuber rots!

Feed cyclamen general fertilizer for houseplants during the entire active growing season (from autumn to spring) once every 2-3 weeks. Excess fertilizer stimulates active growth cyclamen leaves, but not the formation of buds.

Watering

At the time of flowering, you need to water so that water does not get on the roots. It is necessary to distribute the moisture evenly so that there is no overflow or, conversely, the earthen ball does not dry out. The type of Persian plant needs to be watered less during dormancy, but make sure that the soil does not dry out, while the European type all year round watered equally.

Soil

It is very important to create aeration of the cyclamen root system. It is advisable to use a breathable substrate made of coarse-fiber peat. For optimal soil composition, you need equal parts of sand, humus and peat, as well as three parts leaf soil.

Feeding and fertilizer

Complete mineral fertilizer, which is applied to flowering plants, or organic matter - this is what you need to feed cyclamen once every two weeks. You need to start this from the moment the leaves develop and continue until it blooms.

Transfer

Alpine violet is transplanted when new leaves appear on it (late June). With the European one, this must be done in early spring (March-April) and replanted annually.

• It is advisable to replant the plant in a low container and wide enough.
• When replanting, it is necessary to take into account one point, that the roots purple cyclamen are completely covered with earth, and in the Persian root system hides halfway into the ground.
• Then, until the roots are thoroughly established, you need to water less often, and then increase the moisture.

Removing faded flowers and leaves

Withered flowers (as well as yellowed cyclamen leaves) should be removed by completely unscrewing the peduncle from the tuber, otherwise the base of the peduncle may rot and eventually lead to the death of the plant.

• At the beginning of spring cyclamen bloom comes to an end, over time the leaves turn yellow and fall off. Majority homemade cyclamens naturally slow down or complete their annual growing cycle in April-May. At this time feeding cyclamen stop and gradually reduce watering.
• Cyclamen tuber in summer they are stored in the ground, in a cool place, only occasionally slightly moistening the substrate. It should also be kept in mind that not all cyclamens at home go to summer rest. Some homemade cyclamens They never shed their leaves, and they bloom almost constantly.
• In September cyclamen comes to life and produces new leaves. At this time, the top layer of substrate should be replaced with fresh or replant cyclamen(see below) and soak pot of cyclamen in water until the soil is completely wet.

Then drain the pot completely. From now on, regular watering and fertilizing cyclamen. If cyclamen care is correct, then soon the plant will again produce many buds and bloom.

Cyclamen: why do the leaves turn yellow?

Cyclamen leaves turn yellow naturally at the end of the growing season, when cyclamen preparing for a period of rest. If the leaves of homemade cyclamen began to turn yellow during the flowering of the plant, That cyclamen care, most likely needs to be improved. TO yellowing of cyclamen leaves may have caused excessive heat in the room where the plant is kept.

Too high a temperature disrupts the growing cycle cyclamen and artificially brings the rest period closer. To correct the situation, provide cyclamen the most important conditions: bright light without direct sunlight, a cool windowsill and submerged watering only after the soil in the pot has slightly dried out.

Cyclamen: transplantation and propagation

Replanting cyclamen carried out at the end of summer, when the plant is just coming to life after a dormant state. A transplant is required if cyclamen tuber filled the entire space of the pot or if it’s time to change the substrate (usually once every 2 years). Released young cyclamen roots transplanted into a slightly larger pot with fresh soil, which is carefully compacted.

• They're imprisoning cyclamen tuber level with the ground surface or slightly higher and lightly sprinkled with coarse sand.
• Soil for cyclamen are made by thoroughly mixing coarse sand with organic matter (leaf humus, peat, rotted bark, coconut fiber, etc.) in a 1:2 ratio. Cyclamen prefers slightly acidic soil.
• Cyclamen is propagated by dividing the tuber or by seeds.. However reproduction indoor cyclamens may not be an easy task.

Plants that have several growth points on the tuber (similar to potatoes) are suitable for dividing by tuber. Part cyclamen tuber with an “eye” are cut off with a clean, sharp knife and transplanted into a separate pot in special soil for seedlings. Despite all the precautions taken cyclamen tubers often rot.

For propagation of cyclamen by seeds Using a soft brush, pollinate the flowers several times. Withered cyclamen flowers do not cut, but let them dry naturally. Cyclamen seeds taken out of the fruit-box shortly before it is ready to open, and soaked in warm water for a day. After that cyclamen seeds sown in boxes in the soil for seedlings at a large distance from each other, sprinkled with a half-centimeter layer of vermiculite.

The box is kept in the dark at a temperature of 17-20 degrees, moistening the soil with a spray bottle. Rising cyclamen seeds not at the same time, shoots appear after 4-8 weeks. After the sprouts appear, the boxes are exposed to light. Small plants with 2-3 leaves can now be carefully dug up and transplanted into separate pots.

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Types of cyclamen

At that time it was more common to find European cyclamen or as it is also called, Alpine violet. These days The most popular is the Persian version. They are not very different from each other in care, but the characteristics of each must still be taken into account.

In nature, of course, there are much more of them, not to mention the hybrids bred by breeders. Cyclamen domestica was previously considered a winter-blooming flower., because it’s all in bloom winter period before spring comes. Hybrids with their appearance marked all-seasons, the ability to bloom regardless of the season. It is these flowers that we buy under the name “Persian cyclamen”.

It is difficult to say whether their hybridity affected healing properties it is unknown, but the fact that the tuber remained just as poisonous is certain. Therefore, you should be careful. The tuber of cyclamen is large, even its miniature specimens have a diameter of 8 cm, while giants can reach 30 cm.

Purchase

If you decide not to buy ready plant in a pot, but only its tuber, then ask the seller about its type and age, and carefully examine it. He must have a weighty mass, be hard and elastic. See if the tuber has buds that are located in its upper part.

Cyclamen: care at home

The plant needs good care and a competent approach.

Choosing a location and lighting

Remember that homemade cyclamen does not tolerate drafts, but stagnant air is also harmful to it. The plant needs good lighting, therefore, the location on the windowsill is exactly what it needs, however, It’s better to place it on a non-opening window, but in a regularly ventilated room. It is worth noting that it requires good lighting only during the period of budding and flowering; during the dormant period it is completely unnecessary.

This is especially true for the Persian species of cyclamen, in which this period is pronounced. At this time it simply sheds its leaves and goes into a state of sleep. The European species also needs rest. Both types are placed in a cool place without bright light.

Many would-be flower growers advise beginners to put the tubers in the refrigerator, after first separating them from the pot. This can't be done, because after such an execution the plant will not wake up. This will be the end of your care for him. So leave it in the pot.

Temperature

Caring for cyclamen at home involves optimal temperature content. On this occasion, I would like to dwell once again on the choice of a window sill as a right place the location of this flower. Since it is unlikely that anywhere in the room you can find a temperature of up to 15 degrees, because cyclamen for healthy and proper development this indicator is needed in the range of 6–15 degrees above zero. If the temperature is higher, flowering will become scarce and short-lived. Therefore, species that bloom in winter look more presentable.

Moistening the soil, air, applying fertilizers

Cyclamen does not like either waterlogging or drying out of the earthen coma. The optimal solution watering will begin through the pan. Because with top watering, water can get to the growth point of the tuber, which will lead to rotting and death of the plant.

The same reason does not allow spraying the flower, especially during flowering. However, cyclamen requires high humidity. This can be arranged using a pallet with wet expanded clay, where a pot with a flower is placed, and it is also easy to place containers filled with water next to it.

If you have recently acquired this spectacular crop, you need to forget about fertilizers for 2–4 months, because the substrate contains more than is required. After this time, fertilizer is applied twice a month, excluding the dormant period. Give preference to liquid fertilizers for flowering plants. Do not use complex mineral fertilizer, as it contains a lot of mineral salts, which is bad for the flower.

Transfer

Many professional gardeners advise replanting cyclamen after a dormant period, but it is better to leave the flower in a pot for 2 years, when the need arises. She comes when the tuber does not fit in the pot, and this happens, as a rule, exactly once every 2 years. After this time, replant.

When planting, you should consider the type of cyclamen. Thus, the European species is completely immersed in the ground, while its Persian counterpart is only half immersed. For Persian cyclamen you need a pot that is even a little cramped, the distance to the wall does not exceed 2–3 cm. Plant the European type in a more spacious one. This is due to root growth. In the Persian type they are directed downwards, while the European type fills the entire container with them. Some gardeners prefer to leave some of the roots of the European variety tuber outside as well.

The soil is purchased at the store, where you can buy it ready-made specifically for cyclamen, but you can cook it yourself. To do this, take:

1. substrate for cacti.
2. Leaf humus and peat are added to the container in equal proportions.

Drainage is also necessary. After planting a cyclomen flower, excessive watering is prohibited.. You just need to lightly moisten the soil. Watering is increased gradually after the first shoots appear.

Reproduction

The most in a simple way is daughter propagation by a tuber. To do this, you just need to separate the young tuber from the mother one and plant it in a separate container. All other methods of propagating cyclamen, in particular, through seeds are not effective. A novice florist is unlikely to cope with such a task.

Cultivation

IN room conditions Cyclamen cultivation can last up to 7 years. After this period, it is no longer suitable for reproduction, so you need to buy a new one. Propagating cyclamen is a troublesome business. For industrial purposes, it is propagated using seeds. You can do this yourself by dividing the tuber.

Depending on the variety, the length of the period from sowing to flowering may vary. As a rule, this takes 7-11 months. It is advisable to sow seeds at the end of March. So, during the growth period, cyclamen can do without additional lighting, and it will begin to bloom in mid-autumn.

For seed germination it is necessary to create appropriate conditions. The air temperature should be around 18 degrees. Welcome high humidity and lack of light. To keep the crops in the dark, they are covered with black film for three weeks. At lower temperatures, cyclamens will germinate a little later. If they are above 20 degrees, germination will be slow. You can start picking seedlings after 3-4 full leaves appear. During diving, the young tuber is completely covered with earth.

Pest and disease control

Like any other plants living at home, cyclomenia will not get sick and will not will be attacked by pests, if care is carried out correctly and carefully. However, you can expect the following troubles:

Delicate, unusual and spectacular flowers of cyclamen, grown at home with careful care and attention, can create a joyful atmosphere in the house. We especially need positive emotions in winter, when there are so few sunny days. At this time, most types of cyclamen are in bloom, and today we learned how to care for them.

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Diseases and pests

Cyclamen is not particularly attacked by infectious diseases and pests. But it can be affected by the cyclamen mite.

Signs will be deformed leaves, crooked peduncles and curved buds. It is not easy to detect a tick infestation in the initial stages. In case of severe damage, preparations for exterminating pests do not always cope with their intended purpose.

These are the basic tips regarding caring for cyclamen; if you wish, you can find a more detailed description.

Cyclamen home care

Cyclamen requires bright light, but not direct rays, the light must be diffused, long exposure to direct sunlight harms the buds and leaves; a north window or loggia facing the north side is perfect for the plant.

In most cases, cyclamen is grown at home, which means that you need to be careful about watering. Cyclamen loves abundant watering, and during the flowering period, watering should be even more abundant, but this does not apply to cyclamen that bloom all year round; their watering is usually the same throughout all seasons.

Water requirements

Cyclamen prefers soft, settled, prepared water.

• Watering should be uniform. It must be remembered that this plant does not like water getting on the leaves, much less the petals.
• Watering can be done either with a watering can, but carefully so that no water gets on the leaves, or by immersion.
• Watering using the immersion method is not difficult, you take water into a basin (or similar container), let it settle, then immerse the pot in the water, it should be immersed almost completely, after that you wait, the earth should shine, after that you remove the pot from the water, let the excess water come out through drainage holes.

Air humidity should be high for all types of cyclamen. Home care involves regularly spraying the air around the cyclamen; before spraying, cover the cyclamen from drops. Also, to increase humidity, it is advisable to place the pot on a tray with damp peat, pebbles or moss.

Cyclamen loves cool rooms. The air temperature should not be high, but up to low temperatures You can't go down either. So, the ideal temperature for cyclamen will be 12-16 degrees, no lower and no higher. Temperatures of 21 degrees or more are detrimental to cyclamen!

Feeding an adult plant

Plants should be fed constantly, with the exception of the dormant period. You start fertilizing 3 weeks after purchasing the plant; if you grew cyclamen yourself, fertilizing should begin a week after the sprouts appear.

Fertilize only if the earthen ball is thoroughly saturated with water. Complex mineral fertilizers are well suited for feeding.

Cyclamen. How to care after flowering.

After flowering, cyclamen begins a dormant period. Often, without knowing the specifics of care after flowering, cyclamen is thrown away.

• So, after flowering has stopped, the flower should be trimmed, the buds should be completely cut off, and the yellowed leaves should also be cut off.
• Watering should be reduced. By spring, there will be little left of the cyclamen, but this is normal.
• In the spring, cyclamen is not watered and put away in a cooler room; many also place cyclamen on its side.

The cyclamen will remain in this state until mid-summer. By mid-summer it is worth transplanting the cyclamen into a separate pot and resuming watering.

Replanting cyclamen

When replanting cyclamen, the soil is completely replaced. When replanting, remove rotten and damaged roots. The dimensions of the pot for cyclamen are not standard, not very small, not too small big pot, choose a pot with a diameter of approximately 14-15 centimeters. The soil must be prepared and when replanting, do not compact the asthenia too much.

Difficulties and problems

If your cyclamen leaves turn yellow, but the flowers remain strong and healthy, then the problem is dry and warm air, or direct sunlight may also be the cause.

If the flower stalks become soft and begin to rot, then the soil of the cyclamen is waterlogged. This is very dangerous and often leads to the death of the plant, which is why the plant must be monitored and ensure good drainage.

Cyclamen is also often infected with the cyclamen mite; this disease is characterized by deformed, withered and small leaves. To combat mites, the drugs Agravertin and Fitoverm are used, treatment is carried out 2 times, with an interval of 10 days.

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Cyclamen's dormant period

In nature, cyclamens bloom in autumn or early spring. After flowering, dormancy sets in; the leaves of cyclamen gradually turn yellow and die. home flower also alternates two periods.

• Many gardeners, using advice from flower reference books, try to preserve the tubers of a dormant plant in completely dry soil by placing the pot in the refrigerator.
• The tuber cannot be awakened after such “rest”. Overdrying is especially dangerous for very young plants with small tubers.
• As soon as you notice that the plant has flowered and started to lose its leaves, simply reduce watering and do not feed it.

But no refrigerators! After some time, the cyclamen will grow leaves again.

How to distinguish Persian cyclamen from European cyclamen (purple)

To understand how to care for cyclamen at home, you need to know what type of plant it is. The flowering period, dormant period and depth during transplantation differ for c. purple (European) (Cyclamen purpurascens) and c. Persian (Cyclamen persicum).

Signs by which you can distinguish types of cyclamen:

• Most often, Persian cyclamens are sold blooming in autumn and winter, and purple (European) ones are sold in spring and summer. Before the advent of modern hybrids, Persian cyclamen flowers were larger. But now it is impossible to distinguish the two types of cyclamen by flowers.
• Look at the back of the sheet. U c. purple it is lilac, even purple, in c. Persian - green, maybe with drawings.
• Notice how the plant sits in the pot. If the tuber protrudes above the ground level, this is c. Persian. If it is completely immersed in the soil, it is c. purple.
• Tuber c. Persian is flattened, does not form “children”, roots form only in the lower part.
• Tuber c. purple grows over time, forming small daughter nodules. The roots are located over the entire surface of the tuber.

Previously, it was customary to consider the names of the cyclamen species “purple” and “European” to be synonymous; from old manuals this was spread across the Internet. Since 1972, the more accurate name for the species has been cyclamen purpurea, rather than c. European. Under the name “European cyclamen” there are several European species: c. purple (Cyclamen purpurascens), c. notched (C. repandum) and c. ivy leaf (C. hederifolium).

How to care for cyclamen at home

Cyclamen at home does not tolerate high temperatures: a cool place on the windowsill or glassed balcony optimal. At a temperature of +6...+12°C, flowering can last up to six months. Prefers diffused light and blooms well even on a northern window. Direct sun can even cause burns on the leaves. Try to find the brightest, coolest place in the apartment for the cyclamen so that the petioles of the growing leaves do not stretch out.

Loves loose, nutritious soil with a slightly acidic reaction (suitable ready soil for violets) and good drainage. The pot should not be too large or deep. Cyclamen should be replanted no more than once every 2-3 years, and the new pot should not be much larger than the previous one.

The planting depth depends on the characteristics of root growth in different species:

- y cyclamen persian the roots grow exclusively from below, so the top of the tuber should be visible above the surface of the ground;

- y cyclamen European The roots grow over the entire surface of the tuber, which means it can be buried.

During the growth period, plants need regular watering (just do not allow moisture to stagnate!), and it is better to water in a tray or by immersion, so that water does not get on the top of the tuber (it can rot). Frequent spraying won't hurt either: cyclamen loves high air humidity. Feeding is also necessary complex fertilizers for flowering plants.

Cyclamen rarely suffers from pests, but excessive dry air can cause spider mite.

How to multiply cyclamen

Cyclamens are propagated by seeds or baby tubers. Contrary to the prohibitions of the authors of reference books, the flower is also propagated by dividing the tuber, which is effective for rejuvenation planting material. The method is suitable for tubers older than 3–4 years.

• During the dormant period (usually in February), an adult tuber is divided into parts with a sharp knife so that each division has at least one renewal bud.
• It is very important to sprinkle the cuts with crushed charcoal and dry for several days (longer drying will have a bad effect on survival rate).
• Then parts of the tuber are planted in the soil, 2/3 deep, and carefully watered.

They take root within a month at a temperature of +18ºС. Cyclamen from tuber cuttings bloom much earlier than from seeds.

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Pests and diseases of cyclamen

Enemies of cyclamen.

If you follow the rules for caring for cyclamen, neither insects nor viral or bacterial diseases threaten your flower, but improper care of cyclamen at home can lead to rotting of the bulb due to chronic waterlogging of the soil or to the appearance of spider mites due to insufficient watering.

Correct your mistakes as quickly as possible and do not make them again, and then neither the cyclamen nor you will have problems with it.

Cyclamen turns yellow.

If you follow the rules for watering the plant, but the cyclamen flower still turns yellow, it means it may simply be too hot. Spray it as often as possible and, if possible, find a cooler place for it, otherwise the cyclamen flowers may begin to dry out from the heat. If the leaves begin to turn yellow after the cyclamen has bloomed, it means that it is simply preparing for a dormant period, and your concern is in vain.

Cyclamen does not bloom.

If the cyclamen receives little moisture when watering or if you do not take care of the required level of indoor humidity, you are unlikely to see the cyclamen bloom. Cyclamen does not bloom in too warm a room, especially if it is not used to such a temperature. Sometimes, over time, the plant gets used to high temperature in the home and, if all other conditions are met, the cyclamen eventually begins to bloom.

Cyclamen after flowering

When flowering ends, the leaves of the cyclamen gradually turn yellow, indicating that it is preparing for a period of dormancy. yellow leaves It is better to remove, but not cut, but twist until they separate from the bulb. Watering is gradually reduced and the tuber resting in the ground is watered only occasionally, moving the plant to a shaded place until the cyclamen again shows signs of life.

Types of cyclamen

Mainly two types of cyclamen are grown in culture - Persian and European, as well as their derivatives.

European cyclamen, or alpine violet

- a tuberous plant with medium-sized leaves and fragrant pink-lilac flowers, but it has varieties of white, carmine and other colors. In culture since 1607. European cyclamen is much more tolerant of normal home temperatures than other species, but also prefers cool air to stuffiness.

This species does not have a pronounced dormant period; in addition, its tubers sometimes grow daughter bulbs that can be used for propagation. European cyclamen blooms from late spring until almost winter; it feels great in the summer on the balcony or in the garden, but under mandatory protection from sunlight and from penetration of slugs and earthworms into the pot, for which purpose the pot is covered with an ordinary nylon stocking.

Persian cyclamen, or dryweed

is most popular in culture than all other species due to the incredible beauty of its flowers, which, when in bloom, seem to turn inside out and grow with their petals downwards until the plant sheds them without any traces of wilting.

The color of the flowers is pink, dark purple, lilac, white, hot pink, and in most cases the flower throat is a different shade.

• The leaves of the Persian cyclamen are larger and more beautiful than the European ones; they are not inferior to the decorative flowers.
• Recently, dwarf varieties of Persian cyclamen have become very popular, which tolerate room temperature much better than specimens of large varieties.
• Persian cyclamen blooms with late autumn until early spring, and then there is a 9-month dormant period. In culture since 1731.

In addition to these two most popular species in indoor floriculture, there are also African cyclamen, Kos cyclamen, Cyprus cyclamen, Greek cyclamen, amazing cyclamen, small-flowered cyclamen, Cilician cyclamen and other species that are found mainly in the wild.

Familiar to many as usual indoor flower, cyclamen is actually listed in the Red Book. Although this plant is rare, it is not so capricious if conditions are created for it at home that imitate its natural environment. These include proper temperature, humidity, lighting and feeding.

Cyclamen care

To begin with, when purchasing, you need to choose a healthy, richly flowering cyclamen in a pot suitable for growth. It will be possible to replant it only after a year from now, but the optimal replanting schedule is once every two years. It is not recommended to disturb the plant too often with such manipulations. The soil used must be special soil mixture for flowering plants.

Helpful advice: if you have doubts about the purity of the soil when replanting, you can disinfect it by steaming it in the oven and adding a sufficient amount of water. In extreme cases, a mixture of sand and peat may also be suitable, which will definitely have to be treated with special ready-made preparations or a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

As for lighting, you will have to try to find a middle ground with it, since cyclamen does not like either direct sunlight or constant shadow. Thus, slightly darkened with blinds south side would be the best place for him. It is necessary to ensure that the air does not become too hot and dry, even in summer.

There are often recommendations to spray water around the plant, but this has its own disadvantage, because under no circumstances should it come into contact with the tubers, leaves and flowers. Therefore there are more safe way maintaining proper air humidity - simply place a container of water next to the flowerpot and constantly refill it. Before the start of the hibernation period, when the cyclamen begins to shed its leaves and petals, it is moved to a cooler place.

In caring for house flowers, watering features play perhaps the most important role. As mentioned above, it is impossible for water to get on the leaves, flowers and the tuber itself, which should be located 1/3 outside the ground. Therefore, the following method is usually used: pour water not into the pot itself, but into its tray. From time to time you need to carefully moisten the soil around the tuber. During the dormant period, when cyclamen has dropped its leaves and inflorescences, watering should be less frequent.

Important! If liquid fertilizing is used, then it should also be taken into account as part of watering, otherwise excessive waterlogging cannot be avoided, which will cause the plant to rot.

Signs of nutritional deficiency

Cyclamen reacts very quickly to improper care. This becomes noticeable by the deformed leaves. They turn yellow, curl, spots may appear on them, or even the plant will shed them before the onset of “hibernation.” There may be loss of inflorescences or complete absence of flowering. You also need to check the condition of the tuber - it should be hard. If a dent appears when you lightly press it, there is a high probability that the flower is sick or has begun to rot as a result of too active watering or fertilizing with too much water. high content nitrogen.

With sufficient nutrition, cyclamen blooms with large, bright flowers from October to March. If the number of inflorescences has decreased significantly, they have weakened or begun to fall off, this may indicate that the plant does not have enough strength or was planted incorrectly. This is also indicated by faded flowers that have lost their size. Too short a flowering period also indicates weakness or the presence of diseases. Since some flower diseases cannot be treated, you need to pay attention to their prevention by regularly inspecting and feeding cyclamen.

Key signs of nutritional deficiency:

• lack of flowering,
• dull shade of petals
• weak inflorescences and leaves,
• loss of leaves during flowering,
• rapid fall of petals.

Timing and frequency of application

The schedule for applying fertilizing varies depending on the period of life of the plant. During “sleep”, which occurs in the summer, the intensity of watering decreases and there is no need for replenishment in principle. By the time flowering begins, the soil should begin to be gradually moistened. This will also be optimal time for transplantation, if there is a clear need for one.

When the period of active flowering begins, weekly mineral supplement. When choosing the right moment for replanting, you need to remember that after it, cyclamen is fertilized very moderately - 1 teaspoon every two weeks and not immediately after relocation. In general, flower growers agree that even during the period of active growth, this plant should not be fed too actively. This can contribute to the weakening of the natural ability to grow and repair.

Advice: you need to feed cyclamen in moderation; it is especially important not to overdo it with weakened or diseased flowers.

Fertilizers and fertilizers

Cyclamen is very suitable for ready-made mixtures for indoor or flowering plants. On the packaging mineral fertilizers There are usually instructions for refilling different plants at certain periods, these are the ones that need to be followed. It is impossible to increase the frequency or amount of fertilizing; only its reduction is permissible. It is better to choose mixtures that do not contain nitrogen. As already mentioned, it can lead to rotting of the tuber or a decrease in the intensity of flowering.

Important! Complex ready-made fertilizers already contain all the substances necessary for cyclamen, so you should not use additional homemade fertilizing recipes. You will have to choose one thing, since the flower as a whole does not like either frequent watering or oversaturation of the soil with minerals - it needs to develop its own immunity in order to be capable of active and long-term flowering.

Fertilizing is applied only a few weeks, or even a month after replanting or purchasing the plant. Self-grown cyclamens begin to be fertilized earlier. If there is any doubt about how safe the concentration of the diluted feeding solution is, there is a way to protect the plant - first water the soil a little with plain water. This will reduce the intensity of the mixture's effects. For flowers that are weakened or already sick, the concentration of fertilizers is deliberately made lower, since they react to any influence more actively than healthy ones.

Important! Cyclamen is not a fan of soil with a high acidity level, so it does not need fertilizers that increase it.

Homemade fertilizers

Fertilizer suitable for cyclamen can be prepared at home. You need to choose those options that are applied to the soil, and not to the plant itself. Mixtures of sweet and odorous foods should be used with caution as they may attract insects. Here are some of the most simple recipes, which do not require large financial expenses and a lot of time for mixing.

Potassium solution

To prepare it, you need to buy potassium granules and dissolve them in clean, not cold water. There is no need to add potassium solution too often, although flowering plants they love him very much.

We mainly have Persian cyclamens and they rest in the summer and bloom in the winter. Look at the tuber, if it’s hard, then all is not lost. Dig up the tuber, it should be 1/3 above the ground, water it only in a tray and place it close to the window, it needs coolness. But no draft. If it blooms, there is no need to replant it yet. Good luck to you.

Well, first of all, replant. Shake and wash the roots and plant in new soil.

all these Dutch flowers are grown using chemicals, so they die soon after purchase

I have cyclamens in my room, on the windowsill, and they feel good. in autumn - in winter they are not watered at all, did you accidentally water it? transplant it into dry soil and place it in a room on the window, maybe it will survive. I also know that they hibernate in winter, shed their leaves, but the root itself is alive, it will sprout in the spring. You can still put it on the window, in the room.

If it has flowered, it is now hibernating, that’s why it’s drooping, they need to create proper care during hibernation, mine didn’t wake up

maybe they watered it too often, that’s why the leaves turn yellow, water it 2 times a week on the edge of the pot so that water doesn’t get on the tuber, you don’t need to replant it, and now they’re very capricious under stress, they either underfilled or overwatered... and the temperature is not this way or that 4 a little 24 a lot

After the complete end of flowering in late spring, cyclamen begins a dormant period; by June the tubers remain bare. Usually, as soon as the leaves begin to turn yellow, watering is significantly reduced, but not stopped completely, watered occasionally, not allowing the earthen coma to dry out. The roots of cyclamen do not die off, but remain viable. It is better to water from a tray during the dormant period. The pot with the tuber is placed in a shaded place; it is better to remove it from the window.

After young leaves begin to appear, usually June-August, the cyclamen is transplanted into a new soil mixture consisting of leaf soil, humus, peat and sand (3:1:1:1). To avoid infection of cyclamen by pests, the earth mixture must be steamed. You can use a ready-made earthen mixture from the store for replanting; the Tulip mixture is more suitable for cyclamen. After transplantation, the cyclamen is again placed on the window.

Please note that when transplanting, you cannot completely bury the tuber. One third or even half of the tuber should be above the soil surface, which will have a beneficial effect on the further flowering of the plant. Pots for cyclamen must be selected depending on the age of the corm. Cyclamen do not like large pots; they bloom poorly in large pots and begin to rot. Therefore, it is necessary for a small corm (age 1 - 1.5 years) to choose a pot with a diameter of 7 - 8 cm, for a corm 2 - 3 years old, the diameter of the pot is 14 - 15 cm. The space of soil between the bulb and the edge of the pot should be no more than 2 - 3 cm .It's very important point in the content of cyclamen. When replanting cyclamen, remember that a lump of earth with roots under bottom The bulbs cannot be destroyed; it is better to replant the plant along with this lump.

If you have recently purchased cyclamen, it is worth learning how to properly grow, feed and water this flower so that it develops well and blooms profusely. Special attention needs to be hydrated. Each plant has its own schedule of flowering and rest - cyclamen is ready to delight you with lush inflorescences in winter. Rejoice that your green pet will give you beauty in the cold season, and do everything possible to create the most favorable conditions for it to live and abundantly develop a lush flower cap.

How to water cyclamen in the summer season?

All winter, the owners rejoiced at the bright flowering of cyclamen, dreaming that in summer time with long daylight hours and warm weather, twice as many buds will develop. Warm days have come, but the flower has stopped developing, the old flowers have withered, and new ones do not form. It seems to the gardener that the plant wants to drink or eat, and he begins to intensively water it with a fertilizer solution. As a result of such care, the flower loses its strength, withers, and begins to hurt.

The secret is that cyclamen lives according to its own regime: in winter it has a period of activity, and in summer it has a period of rest. As soon as you notice that the flower begins to produce fewer buds and sheds old leaves, reduce the moisture. The plant cannot be left completely without water; it may die. Keep the soil slightly moist (excess moisture can cause root rot). The frequency of watering depends on the temperature and humidity in your apartment; on average, a plant needs 2 waterings per month.

Be especially careful with specimens whose rhizomes have become cracked as a result of improper care. To prevent the appearance of rot, add 2 drops of Fitosporin to the water for irrigation. When watering, remember one thing important rule: excess moisture It is destructive for cyclamen; it is better to give it a little less water than to turn the potted soil into a swamp. Don’t demand the impossible from a flower - all winter it has delighted you with its bright blooms, now give it a rest before the next season.

If the air in your apartment is very dry, humidifying it at home will help decorative fountain or a tray with wet pebbles and moss. Cyclamen does not like droplets on above-ground parts, so there is no need to spray it with a spray bottle. As a last resort, you can spray air around the pot, but so that the mist does not fall on the flower. Do not forget that the plant is now sleeping, there is no need to offer it active nutrition or heavy watering. Don't let the soil dry out, that will be enough.

How to water a flower in winter?

Observe the dormant cyclamen. When you notice that the bush has begun to produce new leaves and buds, gradually increase the amount of watering liquid and reduce the intervals between watering. Do not change the care regimen suddenly; too much moisture may cause the plant to rot. The frequency of watering depends on the age of the flower. Young bushes have weak roots; they need to be watered often, but not very abundantly. In a three-year-old cyclamen, a strong tuber is capable of creating good reserves of water and nutrients, you can moisturize it less often, and the volume of water should be larger. The following conditions must also be taken into account:

• room temperature;
• air humidity;
• lighting (in the light the flower needs more water than in the twilight).

For irrigation, you need to take soft, clean water at room temperature. It would be nice to use a key, melt or rain one. During the flowering period, watering can be combined with fertilizing with fertilizer for violets. The flower responds very well to watering with water containing phytohormones. But do not overfeed your pet, otherwise it will produce lush greenery to the detriment of flowering. Read the instructions, it should say how often to use and in what proportions to dilute the drug. Typically, it is recommended to fertilize no more than once a month.

Water the cyclamen as soon as the top layer of soil dries out. Drops of moisture have a detrimental effect on both the leaves and flowers of the plant.

• It is most convenient to use a small watering can, the spout of which can gently moisten the soil along the walls of the pot. If you do not overdry the flower, the moisture will quickly spread throughout the entire volume of the earthen clod. With this method, the tuber will also not suffer from moisture. After an hour, drain the released liquid from the trays.
• You can water cyclamen by immersing the pot in liquid. If tap water is used for this purpose, it should sit for at least a day. Fill the basin and place the pot in it so that the liquid does not reach the edges of the container. When a wet sheen appears on the surface of the soil, indicating that water has saturated the entire soil, you need to remove the flower and allow excess moisture to escape through the drainage holes.

Do not put several pots in one basin or use the same water for several plants. Through the liquid, infection from a diseased bush can spread to other flowers.

All winter, cyclamen delighted you with bright inflorescences, but in May it became sad: the leaves turned yellow, the buds were not visible. This means that the flower is tired, it’s time for him to rest. Place the pot in a cool place and proceed to watering summer mode. Don’t worry, during the warm season many plants will delight you with lush inflorescences, and let the cyclamen rest. In the winter cold, it will again produce numerous buds and decorate the room with an abundance of flowers. Do not disturb your pet, let the plant rest and gain strength before the new flowering season.

Mistakes of an inexperienced gardener

Each flower develops according to its own schedule. If cyclamen continues to actively produce buds in summer, reduce watering and fertilizing. Novice flower growers sometimes cut off flower buds in the spring in order to force the flower into hibernation. This cannot be done; the plants may die from improper care. Watch your green pets - perhaps they will begin to reduce activity not in the spring, but in the middle of summer.

Cracks on the tuber may appear in the spring, when the flower intensively stores nutrients in the underground part before hibernation. Do not overfeed the plant; water that gets into the wounds can destroy it. The rhizome can crack if the owners dry out the flower and then start watering it abundantly. Moisten the soil regularly to avoid sudden changes from thirst to too much water.

Watering and fertilizing

In the summer the flower slept, but in the fall it woke up and really wants to eat. In a short time, it needs to grow the missing leaves, form buds and produce flowers. This cannot be done without nutrients. The plant pulls food from the soil, and you must help it with this.

Cyclamen is grown indoors for beauty; no parts of it are used for food. You can safely feed the flower with chemicals; they will not cause any harm to your health. Purchase fertilizer for violets or other indoor flowers at the flower shop. They work very well:

• "Kemira";
• "Blossoms";
• "Ideal".

If you are a supporter of environmentally friendly technologies and do not want to use chemicals even for plants that are not eaten, you can use biological fertilizers. Some people collect bird droppings, others infuse cattle manure. You can simply collect food waste in a saucepan, fill it with water and let it sit. The liquid will absorb many useful compounds, and even a small addition to water for irrigation will help indoor plants get the nutrients you need.

To indoor flowers not affected by infections and pests, you can also use chemicals, and folk remedies. If you purchase a protective chemical in a store, carefully read the instructions - is it permissible to use it for cyclamen? The drug can be added to water for irrigation. If the flower is healthy, for prevention, the soil can be treated with an infusion of onion peels, garlic or other medicinal herbs. When watering, add a healing agent to the water, and the soil will be disinfected.

Few indoor flowers please owners abundant flowering in winter. If you want there to always be flowering plants in your house, place cyclamen in your apartment. This flower will decorate your home in the winter cold. It will not require special care - water the basket according to the schedule your pet needs, and he will thank you with flowers in the winter cold. New Year you will celebrate in a room decorated with bright flowers.

— perennial primrose family. It is a small bush with foliage different shades green. Above the foliage they bloom bright flowers the most varied colors.

The origin of cyclamen is not exactly known. Perhaps the first flowers appeared in the Mediterranean, Iran, and Greece. It is known that there are references to cyclamen in ancient sources.

The name itself means “farewell.” That's why It would be appropriate to give a cyclamen flower to a colleague who plans to change jobs.

Features of cultivation and care at home

It is important for cyclamen lovers to know that the life of a flower is divided into two periods: the flowering period and the dormant period.

IMPORTANT! Cyclamen is very sensitive to various. Therefore, when planting, you need to sterilize not only the soil, but also the pot.

For more information about the optimal conditions and time for planting cyclamen, as well as how to plant a flower, read

All manipulations should also be performed with sterile scissors or a knife.

How to water correctly? As with any other plant, watering is one of the important components of cyclamen life. In case if watering is carried out incorrectly, the plant may die, since its root is prone to rotting.

The main mistakes made when watering:

• Over or under watering.
• Water too cold or warm.
• Incorrectly selected fertilizers, fertilizers getting on leaves and stems.
• Water entering the upper part of the root.

How?

Water the cyclamen with softened water. He really doesn't like cold water, so it should be at room temperature, or 2 - 3 degrees lower. The water needs to be settled. Some advise using cooled, boiled water to protect the plant from bacteria, as it is very sensitive to various pests.

How much and when?

Watering must be done with caution. The plant does not tolerate excessive humidity. In order to determine the time of watering, it is better to focus on the soil (you can find out what the soil for cyclamen should be like and how to prepare it yourself). It should be slightly moist. There is no need to allow it to dry out.

How often?

During flowering, cyclamen is watered more often, since it is active at this time, it needs more nutrients. The frequency of watering is once every 7 - 10 days. Focus on the degree of soil moisture.

Some advise paying attention to the condition of the leaves in order to avoid flooding the plant. But this should not be done for three reasons.

1. Cyclamen leaves lose their tremor if the plant is depleted by lack of moisture.
2. This process also occurs due to excessive moisture of the root.
3. Another reason for changes in the condition of foliage is plant disease.

If watering is carried out through the top of the pot, it is better to use a watering can with a narrow spout. Water should be distributed along the edge of the pot without getting on the root rosette.

It is better to water the plant through a tray. Then it will decide for itself how much moisture it needs. Excess water must be drained approximately an hour after watering. Otherwise, the soil will become wet and the root may begin to rot. Then the cyclamen will die.

As already mentioned, the water should be settled and not very cold. Best option- water at room temperature.

During the dormant period, the watering procedure is no different from the procedure during the flowering period. You just need to water much less often.

IMPORTANT. Don't let overwatering plants. To make the cyclamen comfortable, you can spray it with a spray bottle. This should be done no more than three times a day, being careful: water should not accumulate on the root rosette.

Feeding and fertilizers

Cyclamen needs various fertilizers. It is better to use a liquid version of potassium-containing fertilizers. They need to be added during or after watering.

Using dry fertilizers can burn the plant. When using liquid fertilizers, you need to make sure that they do not get on the stems and leaves, otherwise a burn is inevitable.

We talked in detail about how and what to feed cyclamen in.

Photo

Reanimation

It happens that due to inexperience or ignorance of the owner, the flower turns out to be flooded, that is, they watered it more often than necessary. This is not difficult to determine: the leaves of the plant wither, sometimes it completely loses all its foliage.

In this case, there is no need to despair; if you take the necessary actions, the flower can still be saved.

First of all, the root must be extracted from the soil. Try to carefully wash away the remaining soil into it. Cyclamen roots are very thin and fragile, so it is not difficult to damage them.

Next, you should treat the root with some fungicide. After processing, it is slightly dried for two to three hours. Then you can plant the root in a new pot in sterilized soil (you can find out how to properly transplant).

It is not the most finicky plant and there is no need to be afraid to start one. If you know its characteristics, pay attention and follow certain rules, the flower will delight you with its bloom for a long time.

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