The curtain-mounted ventilated façade (NVF) combines the qualities of several materials at once. He is effective system interconnected cladding, insulation, waterproofing of the house.

Hinged ventilated facades are a cladding technology external walls both industrial buildings and private homes. In this case, several layers of materials are used, fixed to the frame, which is attached to the load-bearing layer of the wall or monolithic ceiling. Between the wall is created ventilation gap— it protects against condensation and moisture.

Peculiarities

A ventilated façade has the following advantages:

• versatility. They perform several tasks at once: hydro-, sound-, and thermal insulation of the house. The gap provides ventilation;
• ease of replacement of elements of the façade ventilation system;
• lightness of the frame;
• fireproof ventilated facades ( except for composite materials of flammability group G4);
• Possibility of installation in any weather. The rough surface does not require additional processing, it is enough that it is clean;
• the gap takes the “dew point (condensation)” outside the wall;
• systems of ventilated building facades are resistant to any weather conditions. All aggressive influences are taken on by the cladding elements;
• a ventilated façade will hide any imperfections in the wall;
• wide choice of design and cladding materials for illegal armed groups;
• durability. On average, the service life of a galvanized system is 35 years, aluminum facades will last 50 years. The duration also depends on the climate. In coastal areas, in aggressive conditions, it is slightly reduced, but when applying an anodic coating, the ventilated façade will last for the stated period.

Subsystem elements

The ventilated facade of the house consists of the following elements:

• thermal breaks - thermal regulating gaskets made of paronite or PVC between the wall and the bracket. Prevents the transfer of a cold bridge from the bracket to the anchor;
• brackets (L-, U-shaped, non-standard shape) – elements of the subsystem that provide clearance. In aluminum systems they are divided into load-bearing and supporting ones. When attaching the profile to the bracket, you should take into account the compensation for the thermal expansion of the metal and attach the profile accordingly. It should be noted that aluminum and galvanized brackets differ in thickness and size;
• Special extensions to increase the reach from the wall;
• main horizontal or vertical profiles of the façade ventilation subsystem. They, like all frame elements, are connected to each other with rivets. Screw fastenings are prohibited - the bolts may become loose, which in turn may lead to the cladding falling out;

• fastening elements for ventilated façade cladding. Ordinary and starting clamps (clamp holders), self-tapping screws (only for galvanized metal cassettes), fastening in the form of a slide for aluminum composite panels, horizontal profiles - for granite.
• hydro-, windproof, vapor-permeable membrane;
• thermal insulation, which is attached to disc-shaped dowels;
• cladding layer
• fastening elements (anchors for fastening the bracket to the wall and rivets for connecting the system elements to each other)

Ventilation gap

Hinged ventilated facades have a special feature - an air gap. It creates an upward air flow that provides ventilation, removes moisture and condensation from the insulation . The gap must be at least 40 mm.

Important to know

The ventilation gap, the length of the bracket and the thickness of the insulation are interrelated. For example, if the insulation has a thickness of 150 mm, the bracket will have an overhang of 190 mm: 150 (insulation) + 40 (gap).

Materials and types of cladding

Curtain facades have various options for facing materials. Here are its main types:

• Ventilated façade cladding made of composite panels (ACP). Such panels or cassettes have an aluminum body with a special filler inside, thanks to which the cassettes, unlike steel ones, do not deform. Also, the advantages of aluminum cassettes include resistance to corrosion;
• ventilated facade using metal cassettes made of galvanized steel, brass, copper. Copper and brass cassettes are less common than aluminum or galvanized ones;
• plastic, vinyl, HPL panels ( special kind laminate), siding. This design of buildings is relatively cheap and easy to install. Often used for a private home, as it is affordable;

Types of subsystem materials

For the right choice design, you need to know what materials are used for the fastening subsystem.

• Stainless steel- the most expensive heavy type materials for the façade ventilation subsystem. It is not susceptible to corrosion at all. No need to paint, anodize or apply other protective layers. Even in coastal regions, such a ventilated façade has a service life of up to 60 years.
• Galvanized steel - cheap, convenient for installing porcelain tiles. Requires painting. In places where the façade ventilation subsystem profiles are fastened to each other, the zinc coating is missing and corrosion begins. Standard service life is 35 years.
• Aluminum facades - have the advantage of being light weight. There are aluminum facades that are used at heights of 200 m and above. These types of systems are no less durable than steel ones. Pros: average cost, fewer fastening elements compared to a galvanized subsystem, their installation is simpler, service life - 50 years. Aluminum facades are used composite material. Metal cassettes are used with the galvanized subsystem. Granite, porcelain tile, terracotta can be used on any system. Aluminum facades – good choice for an average price.

Types of fastening the cladding to the subsystem

Depending on the type of fixation of the ventilated facade cladding to the frame, there are types of fastening: open (visible) and hidden.

Porcelain tiles can be hung on hidden and visible fasteners of the wall hanging system
ventilated facade. Visible - with the help of clamps. They are different, sometimes they are used for hidden fastening, when they are attached to special cuts in the slab. Fastening to clamps that grip porcelain tiles is more reliable.

natural stone (granite, limestone) – most often attached to horizontal profiles, for this, a cut is created at the top and bottom of the slab. The profile goes into the slab itself. It can also be mounted on spacer screw fastenings or calipers. If the size of the stone slab is small, the option of mounting it on a cale will cost you a decent amount. Terracotta is attached to special clamps in the slab itself, just as in the case of porcelain stoneware and natural stone special cuts are made.

Fiber cement is attached as follows: holes are made in the corners of the panel, a sleeve is installed in them, and through it the tile is connected with a rivet to the profile.

Composite panels are fastened with rivets: the panel is not assembled into cassettes, but is simply attached with a sheet to the supporting profile - this open method fastenings Or they make cassettes from a composite sheet with flanging, cutting (agraf) and hang them on a sled - this is a hidden method of fastening.

Strengthened system

A reinforced facade fastening system is required for heavy materials at high heights. It all depends on the calculation of the weight of the frame, cladding material and wall. Aluminum facades of buildings up to 15 m with cladding composite slabs mounted on a regular frame. If the wall material is foam blocks, a fragile type of material, then the system is fastened into the floor slabs and it is recommended to use reinforced fastening elements.

The Philosophy of Facade company produces, sells and installs systems of suspended ventilated facades.

If you need a correct and high-quality ventilated facade without intermediaries - call! Our own production of subsystems and cassettes for ventilated facades allows us to offer our customers very “adequate” prices and guarantee the quality of all components.

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Photo examples of our work

Hinged ventilated facade made of metal cassettes

Composite panel cassette façade

Facade made of galvanized metal cassettes sheet metal

Combined facade made of corrugated sheets and composite panels

Aluminum composite panel facade

Facade made of metal cassettes made of polyester

Advantages of ventilated facades

The principle of a ventilated façade makes it possible to cladding a building without resorting to complex repair work. The curtain wall significantly increases the service life of building structures, improves decorative characteristics buildings, reliably protects walls from mechanical stress and freezing. Thanks to the curtain wall, the walls get less wet and the insulation remains dry. Unlike plaster facades and tiled walls, the hanging structure does not require pre-leveling base surfaces and special wall treatments. The use of this technology allows you to quickly and efficiently cladding a building, spending a minimum of effort and money.

Ventilated facades are installed on a wide variety of buildings. It could be a cottage or country house, warehouse, store, shopping or office center, restaurant or cafe. One of the main advantages of such a facade is that you can choose almost any materials for its construction - facing tiles, siding panels, profiled sheets, wooden lining, metal cassettes.

A building with a ventilated facade not only lasts longer, but also requires less repair. In most cases, restoring damaged cladding does not require significant expense.

Installation of a ventilated facade

Design curtain façade has a very simple device. A metal frame made of standard profiles is fixed to the enclosing structures or a wooden sheathing is installed. Attached to the frame facing material. The result is a ventilated gap between the main walls and the cladding. It is due to this gap that the excess moisture. The size of the gap and the distance between the cladding and the walls can be varied, which allows you to install thermal insulation material any thickness. Thus, in addition to the cladding itself, the ventilated façade provides reliable insulation.

As insulation, you can use mineral wool material (rigid or semi-rigid boards), polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam. When using mineral wool Additionally, hydro- and windproof films are installed to prevent moisture from entering the insulation and weathering of the fibers.

Thanks to the installation of a ventilated facade, the microclimate in the building improves. Heat losses are reduced, which reduces space heating costs in winter. In the summer heat, the walls of the building do not overheat, since the cladding does not come into contact with the main walls.

Convenient technology for installing ventilated facades allows you to use this method of cladding on any objects located in areas with hot or cold climates. The structure can be installed at any time of the year and regardless of weather conditions. During the installation process, the building can function as usual, so there is no need to move or suspend the organization’s work while the cladding work is being completed.

Operation of a ventilated façade

The curtain facade does not require strengthening the foundation and load-bearing walls, since all the materials used are light in weight and do not exert a significant load on the building structures. Immediately after completion of the work, the building can be put into operation, since the ventilated facade is not subject to shrinkage.

A curtain wall façade is a cost-effective cladding option: it is installed very quickly and does not require any special maintenance costs during operation. As a rule, the materials used for cladding are highly resistant to stains, good performance moisture resistance and strength.

External influences, such as temperature changes and precipitation, over time cause dilapidation and destruction of any buildings. The point is microcracks that exist in the external walls of all buildings. To prevent degradation processes, various protective measures are applied that can reduce the impact external environment on the walls of the structure.

One of the most effective measures is curtain facades.

They perform main task- create a coating, another layer that protects the walls from destruction, absorbing external influences.

Traditional coatings such as lining, plaster and ceramic panels They have a very limited service life and require repairs after some time. The use of façade systems as protection is free from such disadvantages.

What are ventilated facades?

The curtained façade was invented 50-60 years ago, although they appeared in our country relatively recently. These are practical, reliable and aesthetically attractive facade systems that protect the walls of the building from aggressive external influences and allow you to save on repairs to the external walls of the building.

Regardless of the facing material used (porcelain stoneware, glass or fiber cement boards), the NF structure is approximately the same: fastening system, insulation and cladding.

Facade systems built on the “pie” principle create an additional wall, which is secured using special profiles. As a result, the curtain wall slabs protect the external walls of the house from moisture, precipitation, and direct exposure to sunlight. Installation of facing slabs is carried out at a certain distance from the internal layers facade system, so that a layer of air is formed. It allows you to avoid the accumulation of dampness, and therefore the processes of rotting.

Types of facade systems

Depending on the cladding slabs and panels used, ventilated facades can be divided into:

Due to its different qualities and advantages, each type of curtain wall is used for cladding various structures.

Thus, installing a glass facade gives the building modern look and is usually used to decorate airports and business centers.

Fiber cement boards, due to their efficiency and ease of installation, are used for cladding cottages and private houses.

Porcelain stoneware facades are used to decorate the lower floors of high-rise buildings.

Advantages of hanging systems

1. Protection from environmental influences. Installation of the facade system is carried out in such a way as not only to decorate the house, but also to protect it from adverse influences environment, such as rain, sun and winds, as well as mechanical influences.
2. Insulation. Hanging systems are designed according to the “pie” principle: insulation is installed in one or two layers between the building wall and the external cladding of the NF, retaining heat inside the building and preventing the penetration of cold. In summer, such buildings retain coolness better. Thanks to this, it is possible to significantly reduce heating and air conditioning costs.
3. Soundproofing. Due to the same design, excellent noise and sound insulation is ensured. Extraneous noise is absorbed by the thermal insulation layer, and additional protection is provided by the air layer and the facing slabs themselves.
4. Moisture protection. Thanks to air gap, air circulates freely inside hanging system, and the outer walls of the building remain dry.
5. Easy to install. A curtain wall can be installed at any time of the year. During installation and further exploitation no humidity, gusts of wind or even precipitation can damage the facade.
6. Correction of external defects. The design of the facade system can hide minor defects and unevenness of the external walls of the building. At the same time, the installation cost will be much lower than cosmetic repairs. And the service life of such cladding cannot even be compared with conventional repair procedures.
7. Easy to repair. The construction of a ventilated facade is different high accuracy, excluding inaccuracies and discrepancies. Therefore, there is no need to overpay for expensive repairs or dismantling of the entire system.

The use of ventilated facades outside the city

Recently, the scale of suburban construction in Russia has increased significantly. Curtain facades, having firmly conquered the space of urban construction, are now spreading into the field of individual development. It must be said that facade cladding has many advantages that may appeal to owners of private houses.

The main thing is to choose the right set of materials.

When arranging a ventilated cladding system for a private house, first of all you should pay attention to the frame, which is attached to load-bearing wall and serves as a base for facing panels.

A lightweight, durable and economical aluminum profile is perfect for a private home. Unlike aluminum construction, galvanized steel profiles are subject to corrosion and require replacement after 5 years.

The cladding of the house is also of considerable importance. When constructing a curtain façade in suburban construction Porcelain stoneware and fiber cement slabs are most often used.

Porcelain tiles are made from natural elements such as quartz, white clay and mineral pigments. This is a durable material, very similar to natural. It provides excellent protection of the facade from mechanical damage, as well as aggressive natural influences. Its only drawback is its heaviness. When facing external walls with porcelain stoneware panels, a powerful steel profile should be used.

Fiber cement boards do not have these disadvantages. Made from synthetic fiber and lightweight concrete, they are lightweight, reliable, low price, easy to install and non-flammable. This material qualitatively imitates stone, rock, tile, brick and other textures, and is easy to paint and process. The highest quality fiber cement panels from Japanese companies: “Asahitostem” and “Nichiha”. More economical slabs Russian manufacturers: “Latonit” and “Kraspan”, as well as Chinese “SunStone”.

Nowadays, innovative building materials, which help to create not only a spectacular appearance of the building, but also significantly increase the life of its high-quality operation. Such innovations may include finishing houses with ventilated facades, which is often used in the construction of new buildings and reconstruction of old ones.

Advantages of ventilated facades

The ventilated facade system is being used increasingly in private construction. This is due to the presence of a lot of advantages in this type of façade finishing:

It is worth remembering that these positive aspects in ventilation can only be present when using quality materials with the correct vapor barrier, frost resistance, waterproofing and thickness characteristics.

Ventilated façade design

This type of ventilated system for finishing the facade of a building consists of several components, which should be discussed in detail.

Technical components of the structure

Each façade system has its own structural units, which require the use of appropriate fasteners. Thanks to such elements, the ventilated façade becomes as durable and reliable as possible. Selection of detection technology technical units depends on the specific installation option of the system. The following types of nodes are standard for such a facade:

1. Attachment point to load-bearing wall. It is performed using a bracket on which the system is mounted to the surface.
2. Unit for attaching profiles to ready-made brackets.
3. Unit for mounting slopes of a ventilated facade. This system is similar to door frames and window openings in the house.
4. Knots for fixing the facade at the corners of the building. For this, special hardware is used corner type and racks.
5. Base-type units, the location of which is at the bottom and top of the walls.

Insulation and subsystem brackets

Insulation is the layer closest to the wall, due to which sound-proofing and heat-insulating qualities are achieved façade design. At the moment, construction stores offer a huge number of insulation materials, but not all types are suitable for creating a ventilated facade.

The main indicator when choosing insulation for a ventilated facade is vapor permeability, which helps remove moisture from the wall structure. This indicator is observed for glass wool or mineral wool with high strength values, about 60 kg per 1 cubic meter. meter. For example, materials such as expanded polystyrene and polystyrene have a negligible amount of vapor permeability, and therefore are completely unsuitable for creating a ventilated façade. The thickness of the insulation used is calculated depending on the climatic conditions of a particular region and can range between 4 and 20 cm.

The insulation is glued to the wall using a special mineral compound or secured with dowels. For greater reliability, these two methods are often combined. In this case, glue is applied to the surface of the slab, and it is reinforced with dowels in the corners. The length of dowels in a ventilated facade is used from 70 to 250 mm with a plastic or metal core.

Important! The insulation is strung on special brackets, onto which the profile of the ventilated facade system is subsequently attached.

Vapor-permeable membrane

Next integral part The ventilated facade is a two- or three-layer membrane. It must have a sufficient level of vapor permeability. It is better if this indicator is the same as that of the insulation used previously. Such a membrane performs the function of protecting against moisture from entering the insulation and allows it to be removed in a gaseous state from the side of the insulation.

Air gap

After strengthening the membrane, it is imperative to create an air gap, since this is the main idea of ​​​​creating a ventilated façade. Thanks to it, the air flow will circulate from bottom to top between the layer of insulation and cladding. Due to this, moisture will be efficiently removed from the internal space of the facade. Circulation is carried out by changing pressure in a natural mode, thanks to the presence of special slots at the bottom and top.

Thickness air gap calculated in each case individually using special formulas. But its minimum value for a ventilated facade is 4 cm. If the distance between the insulation and the cladding is more than 12 cm, then there may be a hum when air passes through.

System frame

The lathing system allows you to securely fasten the ventilated façade to the building. It is made of metal or wood. The first material is more durable and reliable, but also costs much more. In new construction with ventilated facades, aluminum, galvanized or stainless steel elements are usually used. Wood is light in weight and easy to process, but its main disadvantages are its susceptibility to burning and rotting.

Because metal frame is expensive, in some cases it is justified to use a wooden one to create a ventilated facade. For example, it is best to equip frame-panel buildings with a wooden ventilation system frame, following the advice of experienced builders and architects. The cost of such a design, of course, will be lower than that of metal parts, but regarding strength and durability, we can say that timber is significantly inferior even to aluminum. To get closer to optimal characteristics, wooden sheathing must be treated with special compounds before installation on the facade.

The subsystem is attached to the wall of the building in different ways: horizontal, vertical or mixed. The second option is a more rational option, as it contributes to better quality natural circulation air and requires less material, in contrast to the combined method.

The system is attached to the wall or interfloor ceilings houses. The second option is chosen if there are doubts about the load-bearing capacity of the walls. For installation, various fasteners are used, which are used depending on the chosen type of fastening - closed or open. Open option involves installation with clamps and rivets, and closed with hidden clamps, pins or clips.

Facade facing layer

The last detail of a ventilated façade is the cladding. It is this that determines the appearance and cost of the structure. We will dwell on this element in more detail and consider all possible options.

Siding

Facade finishing with metal or plastic siding is now at the peak of popularity due to its low cost. The second option is more common, since manufacturers offer a huge range of this material and a variety of additional elements for decoration.

The advantages of this type of ventilated facade finishing are durability, fire resistance, no need for constant maintenance, and ease of installation.

A more expensive material for finishing the facade is aluminum or steel siding, but it has not received widespread, since its cost is much higher. This material is a product made of galvanized steel with rounded corners. Such cassettes are available in a variety of colors, among which you can easily choose the desired shade for the facade.

During the entire service life, the design of metal cassettes will look original on the facades and will not lose its appearance over time. In addition, this material allows all dirt and dust to come off the façade covering. naturally during precipitation.

Porcelain tiles

This finishing option refers to durable, functional and pleasant-looking materials. It is available for execution by both private developers and organizations. Porcelain tiles are artificial material, which is produced in the form of slabs and can be cut to any size during the construction of the facade. Due to the fact that porcelain stoneware has low porosity, it is quite durable and wear-resistant. The material is performed in any color scheme, is distinguished by a textured wood pattern on the front surface.

Fiber cement board

The slabs are made from a mixture of cement, fiber, mineral fillers and special additives. Fiber is fibers obtained from basalt or cellulose, thanks to which the material acquires reinforcing properties. The slabs are excellent for facade cladding, as they have high wear resistance. In addition, fiber cement boards meet the requirements for sound and heat insulation, do not rot and biological effects, resistant to ultraviolet radiation. A private developer can easily afford such material for organizing ventilated facades due to its low cost.

Glass slabs

Given finishing material, as a rule, finds its application in construction modern houses or office buildings. Unlike others, glass allows a large amount of light into the building.

Such plates are made from a tempered type of glass and are highly reliable. It is quite difficult to install such material on the facade with your own hands.

Variation on a theme glass finishing solar panels can serve. But their use as a facade is valuable in those climatic conditions, where the number of cloudless days per year is maximum.

Agglomerate granite tiles

In terms of its strength characteristics, this tile is several times superior to the previously listed facing materials and even natural granite. This is new construction market made by pressing granite and marble chips with the addition of cement. But the cost of such facade cladding will be high.

Composite panels

This facing material is now a fairly common design option for ventilated facades. It is made from several substances with different properties, for example, aluminum in combination with polymers various types. The result is panels of unique quality that are light in weight, non-corrosive, flexible and able to withstand severe impacts and loads.

Important! Composite panels are a self-cleaning material, making them suitable for decorating the façade of multi-storey buildings.

Natural stone

Like any other natural material, stone is expensive and heavy, which can make its installation on ventilated facades difficult. But such material no longer has disadvantages during operation.

Installation of a ventilated facade

When working with large buildings, all actions to create a ventilated facade are carried out only by qualified workers. In the case of cladding a private house, the work can be done with your own hands, but in strict accordance with the algorithm.

The first stage is marking, which is carried out according to a pre-prepared plan. Next, installation of the ventilated system is carried out in the following order:

Conclusion

Among various options design of building facades, ventilated structures are leaders. This is largely due to the use of a high-quality combination of materials to perform such cladding. The cost of structures, as a rule, differs greatly from similar ones. But such quality characteristics, which are observed near the building, are difficult to obtain with other design options. Ventilated facades come out ahead not only in terms of decorative and strength indicators, but also in terms of ease of maintenance, which reduces operating costs.